Strickland

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA

BEN STRICKLAND, )

)

Plaintiff, )

)

v. ) Case No. CIV-26-15-R

)

EVERETTE ALDOERFFER )

& STEPHEN BRUCE & ASSOCIATES, )

)

Defendants. )

ORDER

Before the Court is the Motion to Dismiss filed by Defendants Everette Aldoerffer

and Stephen Bruce & Associates [Doc. No. 7]. Plaintiff Ben Strickland filed a Response

[Doc. No. 8] and Defendants did not reply. The matter is now at issue.

BACKGROUND

Strickland1 brings this action against Defendants based upon their representation of

non-party Discover Bank in Discover Bank v. Ben L. Strickland, District Court of

Oklahoma County, State of Oklahoma, Case No. CS-2021-6118 (the “Collection Lawsuit”)

[Doc. No. 7-1].2 Though the Complaint is sparse as to the parties’ identities and the

1 Because Strickland is proceeding pro se, the Court affords his materials a liberal

construction but does not act as his advocate. Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 116, 1110 (10th

Cir. 1991).

2“‘[T]he district court may consider documents referred to in the complaint if the

documents are central to the plaintiff’s claim and the parties do not dispute the documents’

authenticity.’” Alvarado v. KOB-TV, LLC, 493 F.3d 1210, 1215 (10th Cir. 2007) (quoting

Jacobsen v. Deseret Book Co., 287 F.3d 936, 941 (10th Cir. 2002)). “[F]acts subject to

judicial notice may be considered in a Rule 12(b)(6) motion without converting [it] into a

motion for summary judgment.” Tal v. Hogan, 453 F.3d 1244, 1264 n.24 (10th Cir. 2006).

allegations, Defendants represent that Stephen Bruce & Associates is the registered trade

name for Stephen L. Bruce, P.C., the law firm that represented and continues to represent

Discover Bank in the Collection Lawsuit. Everette Altdoerffer (incorrectly named

Aldoerffer) is an attorney employed by Stephen L. Bruce, P.C.

On September 20, 2021, Discover Bank filed the Collection Lawsuit against

Strickland in state court to recover $2,222.84 in credit card debt. Id. Discover Bank filed a

Motion for Summary Judgment in the Collection Lawsuit on April 13, 2022. Id. Strickland

opposed that motion and filed a Motion for Proof of Authority, arguing (1) Discovery

Products, Inc., not Discover Bank, was the proper party in interest, (2) Stephen Bruce &

Associates had not established its authority to represent Discover Bank, and (3) Discovery

Products violated the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act [Doc. No. 7-3]. Strickland

requested that Stephen Bruce provide documentation showing it had authority to represent

Discover Bank/Discovery Products pursuant to OKLA. STAT. tit. 5, § 5, which states:

The court, on motion of either party and on the showing of reasonable

grounds therefor, may require the attorney for the adverse party or for any

one of the several adverse parties to produce or prove by oath, or otherwise,

the authority under which the attorney appears and, until the attorney does

so, may stay proceedings by the attorney on behalf of the parties for whom

the attorney assumes to appear.

The state court denied Strickland’s Motion for Proof of Authority [Doc. No. 1-1].

A money judgment was granted in favor of Discover Bank on June 21, 2022 [Doc. No. 7-

Further, the Court may “take judicial notice of its own files and records, as well as facts

which are a matter of public record.” Id. (quotation omitted). The Court has reviewed and

will take judicial notice of the Collection Lawsuit docket and relevant filings cited by the

parties.

5]. Strickland moved to vacate the judgment as void [Doc. No. 7-6]. His motion was denied

on October 12, 2022 [Doc. No. 7-8 at p. 7]. The Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals denied

Strickland’s appeal on September 27, 2023 [Doc. No. 7-7].3 Strickland’s later-filed Petition

for Certiorari was denied on March 11, 2024. Id. Strickland does not appear to dispute

Defendant’s presentation of the facts or state court record, and an examination of the

Collection Lawsuit docket and the docket for his appeal confirms Defendants’

representations.

Strickland next initiated an action in the United States District Court for the Western

District of Oklahoma, making allegations similar to those he brought in the state court

action and those he asserts in the instant action. See Ben Strickland v. Everette Aldoerffer

& Stephen Bruce & Assocs., Case No. CIV-24-342-PRW [the “First Federal Action”]. The

First Federal Action was dismissed.

The few factual allegations raised by Strickland in the instant Complaint state that

in around 2020, the Defendants started attempting to collect an alleged debt through a

campaign of mail fraud [Compl. at p. 1]. Although Strickland requested proof that the

Defendants had the authority to act as attorneys for Discover Bank, such proof was never

ordered, which “[c]ommitted a fraud upon the Court by misleading the Court by silence.”

Id. ¶ 3. Strickland claims the state court granting summary judgment in the Collection

Lawsuit in favor of the Defendants without proof of Defendants’ authority violated his

3 The Court also takes judicial notice of the docket for Strickland’s appeal of the Collection

Lawsuit and the relevant filings referenced by the parties: Discover Bank,

Plaintiff/Appellee v. Ben L. Strickland, Defendant/Appellant, Oklahoma Supreme Court,

State of Oklahoma, No. SD-120750.

civil/due process rights and renders the judgment against him void. Id. ¶¶ 4-5. Strickland

requests that this Court vacate the journal entry of judgment entered against him in the

Collection Lawsuit. Id. at p. 3.

LEGAL STANDARD

Dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) is proper when a complaint fails “to state a claim

upon which relief can be granted.” FED. R. CIV. P. 12(b)(6). “To survive a Rule 12(b)(6)

motion, the complaint ‘must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a

claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Brown v. City of Tulsa, 124 F.4th 1251, 1263

(10th Cir. 2025) (quoting Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009)). And while the Court

“must accept the truth of all properly alleged facts and draw all reasonable inferences in

the plaintiff’s favor, the plaintiff still ‘must nudge the claim across the line from

conceivable or speculative to plausible.’” Id. (quoting Brooks v. Mentor Worldwide LLC,

985 F.3d 1272, 1281 (10th Cir. 2021)). “Mere ‘labels and conclusions’ or ‘a formulaic

recitation of the elements of a cause of action’ will not suffice.” Id. (quoting Bell Atl. Corp.

v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)).

DISCUSSION

Defendant argues Stephen Bruce & Associates should be dismissed from the case

because “Stephen Bruce & Associates” is a trade name that, under Oklahoma law, lacks

legal existence and is not separate from non-party Stephen L. Bruce, P.C. Defendants

successfully raised this identical issue in the First Federal Action, and the Court dismissed

Stephen Bruce & Associates. Defendants now assert this Court should dismiss Stephen

Bruce & Associates based on the doctrine of issue preclusion.

Collateral estoppel, or “issue preclusion, refers ‘to the effect of a judgment in

foreclosing relitigation of a matter that has been litigated and decided.’” Murdock v. Ute

Indian Tribe of Uintah & Ouray Rsrv., 975 F.2d 683, 686 (10th Cir. 1992) (footnote

omitted) (citing Marrese v. Am. Acad. of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 470 U.S. 373, 376 n.1,

(1985)).

Collateral estoppel bars the successive litigation of any issue of law or fact

“once [it has] been determined by a valid and final judgment.” Ashe v.

Swenson, 397 U.S. 436, 443 (1970). That is, the doctrine “prevents a party

that has lost the battle over an issue in one lawsuit from relitigating the same

issue in another lawsuit.” Melnor, Inc. v. Corey (In re Corey), 583 F.3d 1249,

1251 (10th Cir. 2009). In this way, collateral estoppel, frequently referred to

as “issue preclusion,” aims to promote judicial efficiency, encourage reliance

on previously adjudicated matters, and avoid inconsistent rules of decision.

Nichols v. Bd. of Cnty. Comm’rs, 506 F.3d 962, 967 (10th Cir. 2007). Federal

law governs the scope of the preclusive effect given to federal-court

decisions. See Semtek Int’l Inc. v. Lockheed Martin Corp., 531 U.S. 497, 500

(2001).

Stan Lee Media, Inc. v. Walt Disney Co., 774 F.3d 1292, 1297 (10th Cir. 2014) (citations

altered). There are four elements to collateral estoppel: (1) the issue decided must have

been identical to the issue presented in the current action; (2) the prior action must have

been finally adjudicated; (3) the party against whom the doctrine is invoked must have

been a party to the prior adjudication; and (4) that party must have had a full and fair

opportunity to litigate the issue in that prior action. Id. (quoting Murdock, 975 F.2d at 687).

The Court finds, and Strickland does not dispute, that the four elements of issue

preclusion have been met. The identical issue of the propriety of suing Stephen Bruce &

Associates was actually litigated between the same parties in the First Federal Action:

Defendants also argue that Stephen Bruce & Associates is not an entity

capable of being sued. They assert that Stephen Bruce & Associates is the

registered trade name for Stephen L. Bruce, P.C. The Court takes judicial

notice of the Oklahoma Secretary of State’s public records, which confirms

this. See Okla. Off. of the Sec’y of State, Certificate of Trade Name, Filing

No. 220088055 (Dkt. 7-1), at 2 (available at

https://www.sos.ok.gov/corp/corpInquiryFind.aspx). Strickland did not

respond to this argument.

Generally, under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 17(b), a non-corporate

entity’s capacity to be sued is determined “by the law of the state where the

court is located . . . .” In Oklahoma, “a trade name is not a separate legal

entity and does not offer plaintiff an additional party from which to obtain

relief.” Jordan v. Grace Living Centers, No. CIV-19-654-G, 2020 WL

130147, at *2 (W.D. Okla. Jan. 9, 2020) (citations, footnote, and internal

quotation marks omitted). Because Stephen Bruce & Associates is a trade

name and does not have a legal existence separate and distinct from Stephen

L. Bruce, P.C., Strickland cannot state a plausible claim of relief against it.

Id.; see also Lewis v. Am. Gen. Assur. Co., No. CIV-00-1520-W, 2001 WL

36160929, at *2 (W.D. Okla. Feb. 26, 2001). The Court therefore

DISMISSES Stephen Bruce & Associates from the present action.

Strickland v. Aldoerffer, No. CIV-24-00342-PRW, 2025 WL 606190, at *3 (W.D. Okla.

Feb. 25, 2025) (footnoted citations included in-text).

Furthermore, the First Federal Action was finally adjudicated. “[D]ismissal for

failure to plead a viable cause of action is a decision on the merits under . . . every . . .

circuit’s[] law.” Stan Lee Media, 774 F.3d at 1298 (citation omitted) (finding the Ninth

Circuit’s prior dismissal for failure to plead a viable cause of action qualified as a final

adjudication on the merits). Prior to dismissal of the First Federal Action, the Court found

Strickland’s claims against Stephen Bruce and Associates failed as a matter of law,

dismissed them, and found amendment as to the issue would be futile. Id. at *4. The case

was later dismissed in its entirety and closed on December 3, 2025. Strickland did not

appeal.

Furthermore, Strickland does not assert he lacked a full and fair opportunity to

litigate this issue in the First Federal Action. Thus, the Court finds the issue of the propriety

of suing Stephen Bruce & Associates is barred from this Court’s review due to issue

preclusion. Even if issue preclusion did not apply, in the absence of persuasive argument

otherwise,4 the Court agrees Stephen Bruce & Associates, because it is a mere trade name,5

is not an entity capable of being sued. Dismissal of Stephen Bruce & Associates from this

case is proper.

Defendants assert the Rooker-Feldman doctrine bars Strickland’s claims. The

Rooker-Feldman doctrine prevents federal district courts from entertaining actions brought

by “‘state-court losers’” challenging “‘state-court judgments rendered before the district

court proceedings commenced.’” Lance v. Dennis, 546 U.S. 459, 460 (2006) (quoting

Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 284 (2005)). To determine

if Rooker-Feldman applies, courts consider whether “the state court judgment caused,

actually and proximately, the injury for which the federal court plaintiff seeks redress.”

Kanth v. Lubeck, 123 F. App’x 921, 924 (10th Cir. 2005) (unpublished) (quotation and

emphases omitted). “If it did, Rooker-Feldman deprives the federal court of jurisdiction.”

4 Strickland presents no persuasive argument or authority to dispute that Stephen Bruce &

Associates is a trade name or that it is not an entity capable of being sued. In fact, Strickland

does not at all address Defendant’s assertions that issue preclusion should dictate the

Court’s decision on this issue.

5 Like the Court in the First Federal Action, and because Strickland does not dispute

Defendants’ claims that “Stephen Bruce and Associates” is a trade name, the Court will

also take judicial notice of the Oklahoma Secretary of State’s public records, which

confirm that Stephen Bruce and Associates is, indeed, a trade name. See Doc. No. 7-2;

Okla. Off. of the Sec’y of State, Certificate of Trade Name, Filing No. 2200488055

(available at https://www.sos.ok.gov/corp/corpInquiryFind.aspx).

Id. (quotation omitted). The Rooker-Feldman doctrine applies both to “claims actually

decided by a state court, and claims inextricably intertwined with a prior state-court

judgment.” Tal, 453 F.3d at 1256 (quotation and alterations omitted). At bottom, the

Rooker-Feldman doctrine instructs that “errors in state cases should be reviewed and

settled through the state appellate process.” Id. at 1256 n.11.

Strickland appears to assert that his Constitutional rights were violated when the

state court entered judgment against him despite never having ordered the Defendants to

file proof of their authority to represent Discover Bank. Strickland raised his request for

proof of authority in the Collection Lawsuit: “Defendant [Strickland] . . . moves the Court

to dismiss the Plaintiff Discover Bank case. Due to . . . No Proof of Authority to represent

Discover Bank.” See Objection to Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment and Brief in

Support and Motion for Proof of Authority, Doc. No. 7-3, at pp. 1, 4 (“[Strickland]

demands absolute . . . proof that Stephen Bruce & Associates is authorized to represent

Discover Bank.”). Though the precise contours of Strickland’s claims are unclear, the only

specific relief he requests for this alleged harm is for this Court to vacate the state court’s

entry of judgment against him.

The Tenth Circuit has held the

“Rooker-Feldman doctrine . . . is confined to cases . . . brought by state-court

losers complaining of injuries caused by state-court judgments rendered

before the district court proceedings commenced and inviting district court

review and rejection of those judgments.” Exxon Mobile, 544 U.S. at 284. . .

. The essential point is that barred claims are those “complaining of injuries

caused by state-court judgments.” Id. In other words, an element of the claim

must be that the state court wrongfully entered its judgment.

Campbell v. City of Spencer, 682 F.3d 1278, 1283 (10th Cir. 2012). Strickland asks this

Court to review and reject the entry of summary judgment in the Collection Lawsuit

because it was wrongfully entered. This the Court cannot do, especially considering

Strickland’s failure to present any persuasive argument or authority counseling otherwise

on this issue. Thus, to the extent Strickland seeks review of the state court judgment or

asserts claims that are inextricably intertwined with it, his claims are barred by Rooker-

Feldman and the Court cannot exercise jurisdiction over them.

Strickland, however, insists he is only asserting claims against the Defendants based

on their violations of federal law while acting as third party debt collectors during the

Collection Lawsuit. Though such claims are not evident on the face of the Complaint,

Strickland contends in his Response that he is purporting to bring claims pursuant to the

Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1692, et seq. Strickland claims Defendants

violated § 1692e(14), which prohibits the “use of any business, company, or organization

name other than the true name of the debt collector’s business, company, or organization.”

His Response characterizes the claim differently than the Complaint—in the Response,

Strickland appears to assert that the Defendants improperly filed the Collection Lawsuit

under the name Discover Bank, rather than Discovery Products, which Strickland asserts

is the original and proper creditor. But the Complaint focuses on Strickland’s

dissatisfaction with the Defendants’ failure to prove their authority to represent either

Discover Bank or Discovery Products.

The Court in the First Federal Action examined claims similar to those Strickland

asserts in his Response and found them time-barred:6

A plaintiff must bring an FDCPA action “within one year from the date on

which the violation occurs.” 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(d). The time begins to run

when the violation occurs, not upon its discovery. Rotkiske v. Klemm, 589

U.S. 8, 10 (2019). Strickland alleges that Defendants initiated the Collection

Suit and made the purported misrepresentation on September 20, 2021.

Strickland filed the instant suit on April 5, 2024, well after the limitations

period expired. He does not allege that Defendants took any actions violative

of the FDCPA occurring on or after April 5, 2023. In response, Strickland

argues that the Collection Lawsuit’s judgment was void, so “[i]n essence,

[he] can file at any time and [in] any court.” [citation omitted]. This argument

has no basis in law. Accordingly, his FDCPA claims are time-barred. The

Court therefore DISMISSES them.

Strickland, 2025 WL 606190, at *2-3. Here, Strickland asserts the “mail fraud” began in

2020. Strickland also states the Defendants filed the Collection Lawsuit on September 20,

2021—making that the date, at least based upon the allegations before this Court, of the

misrepresentation, whether that misrepresentation is characterized as Defendants

improperly claiming (1) they had authority to represent Discover Bank or (2) Discover

Bank was the proper party in interest. Strickland filed the instant lawsuit on January 5,

2026, well past the expiration of the limitations period. Thus, to the extent Strickland

asserts FDCPA claims in his Complaint, and based upon the allegations before this Court,

his FDCPA claims are time-barred.7

6 In the First Federal Action, Strickland specifically asserted FDCPA claims against the

Defendants in the Complaint, and more clearly alleged that he did not believe Discover

Bank was the proper named party.

7 In his Response, Strickland also briefly references 18 U.S.C. § 1341, which criminalizes

mail fraud. As the Court in the First Federal Action stated, “[n]othing in Section 1341 . . .

‘can be read as creating a private cause of action.’” Strickland, 2025 WL 606190, at *3

(quoting Crownhart v. Colorado, No. 24-1208, 2024 WL 3339916, at *2 (10th Cir. July 9,

Accordingly, Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss is GRANTED.

IT IS SO ORDERED this 14" day of April, 2026.

DAVID L. RUSSELL

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

2024)). Even if this claim was properly asserted in the Complaint, the Court finds that it

must be dismissed because “‘[f]ederal criminal statutes that do not provide for a private

right of action are not enforceable through a civil action.’” /d. (quoting Crownhart, 2024

WL 3339916, at *2) (quotation omitted).

11