Hisel Bailey v. Michelle Woomer, Teri Stone, and Legal Aid of West Virginia, Inc.

IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST VIRGINIA

FILED

April 1, 2026

HISEL BAILEY,

ASHLEY N. DEEM, CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK

Plaintiff Below, Petitioner INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS

OF WEST VIRGINIA

v.) No. 25-ICA-286 (Cir. Ct. Kanawha Cnty. Case No. CC-20-2022-C-145)

MICHELLE WOOMER, TERI STONE,

and LEGAL AID OF WEST VIRGINIA, INC.

Defendants Below, Respondents

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Petitioner Hisel Bailey appeals the Circuit Court of Kanawha County’s June 18,

2025, final order granting summary judgment to Respondents Michelle Woomer, Teri

Stone, and Legal Aid of West Virginia, Inc. (“Legal Aid”), and dismissing the action, with

prejudice. In addition, Mr. Bailey appeals the circuit court’s November 19, 2024, order

denying his motion for leave to file an amended complaint. Respondents filed a joint

response.1 Mr. Bailey filed a reply.

This Court has jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to West Virginia Code § 51-

11-4 (2024). After considering the parties’ arguments, the record on appeal, and the

applicable law, this Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For

these reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s June 18, 2025, and

November 19, 2024, orders is appropriate under Rule 21 of the West Virginia Rules of

Appellate Procedure.

Mr. Bailey is a registered nurse who was employed by Mildred Mitchell-Bateman

Hospital (“MMBH”), a psychiatric facility operated by the West Virginia Department of

Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”).2 On January 7, 2019, Mr. Bailey and Krista

Menchaca, a health services worker, were walking a group of MMBH patients to the

cafeteria for dinner. Among them was M.C., a long-term patient of MMBH who had a

history of defiant behavior and self-harm. On the way to the cafeteria, M.C. became

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Mr. Bailey is represented by Scott H. Kaminski, Esq. Respondents are represented

by James C. Stebbins, Esq., and Mark J. McGhee, Esq.

2

In 2024, DHHR was reorganized into three separate departments, and the West

Virginia Department of Health Facilities (“DOHF”) now runs MMBH. However, during

the period relevant to this appeal, DHHR was the operating entity.

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agitated, punched a wall, threatened to bite himself, and raised his arm toward his mouth.

Mr. Bailey tried to keep M.C. from biting himself, a struggle ensued, and both men fell to

the floor. Ms. Menchaca called for assistance, and four other MMBH employees arrived

and gained control over M.C. Mr. Bailey then escorted M.C. back to his unit. MMBH staff

examined M.C., found a small bump and cut over his eyebrow, and placed a bandage on

the cut.

On January 11, 2019, Respondent Michelle Woomer, a patient advocate employed

by Legal Aid, was making rounds at MMBH and observed bruising around M.C.’s eye.

She asked M.C. about the bruise, and he explained that Mr. Bailey threw him to the floor

and banged his head during the episode. Ms. Woomer conducted an initial investigation of

the event, which included reviewing relevant nursing notes, a report by Mr. Bailey, and a

security video of the incident. Respondent Teri Stone, also employed by Legal Aid, viewed

the video footage, as well as MMBH employee Olivia Shields and MMBH CEO Craig

Richards. Ms. Woomer then made a referral to Adult Protective Services (“APS”).

Separately, MMBH Director of Nursing, Cheryl Williams, filed a patient grievance form

on behalf of M.C. As a result of the patient grievance, Mr. Richards assigned Ms. Woomer

and Ms. Shields to investigate the incident. On January 17, 2019, MMBH advised Mr.

Bailey in writing that his employment was suspended, pending an official investigation of

the January 7 incident. The patient grievance investigation consisted of Ms. Woomer and

Ms. Shields viewing the security video and interviewing M.C. and Ms. Menchaca. Ms.

Woomer’s subsequent report concluded that the allegations of physical abuse against Mr.

Bailey were substantiated.

On March 6, 2019, MMBH held a predetermination conference to advise Mr. Bailey

of his contemplated dismissal and to provide him with an opportunity to be heard.

Thereafter, Mr. Richards, who was not present at the conference, recommended that Mr.

Bailey’s employment be terminated. DHHR approved the recommendation and in a letter

dated March 11, 2019, Mr. Richards advised Mr. Bailey that his employment with MMBH

was terminated due to his physical abuse of a patient. Mr. Bailey then filed a grievance

with the West Virginia Public Employees Grievance Board. On April 18, 2019, Mr. Bailey

received notice that Ms. Shields had filed a complaint against him with the West Virginia

Board of Nursing.3

Mr. Bailey proceeded through the grievance process to a level three hearing before

an administrative law judge, held on June 10 and 17 of 2019. On November 19, 2019, the

Grievance Board issued its decision that reinstated Mr. Bailey to his position at MMBH

with back pay, interest, and restoration of all benefits. The Grievance Board also directed

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Mr. Bailey was notified by the Board of Nursing in April of 2021 that the

complaint against his nursing license was dismissed with no action taken by the Board.

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that the January 7 incident be removed from Mr. Bailey’s personnel file. MMBH did not

appeal the Grievance Board’s final ruling.

Meanwhile, an anonymous tip was made to the West Virginia Attorney General’s

Medicaid Fraud Unit (“MFCU”), causing it to investigate the January 7 incident. Mr.

Bailey was questioned on December 2, 2019, by MFCU employees Nathan Lyle and Erin

Young, and David Holtzapfel, an attorney with the office of the West Virginia Attorney

General. Mr. Lyle authored a report about the January 7 incident and referred the matter to

the Cabell County Prosecuting Attorney. The prosecutor’s office filed criminal charges

against Mr. Bailey for misdemeanor assault, misdemeanor battery, and misdemeanor abuse

or neglect of an incapacitated adult. A magistrate found probable cause to believe that Mr.

Bailey had committed the offenses. As a result of the criminal charges, Mr. Bailey’s

employment with MMBH was suspended again. On March 2, 2021, the prosecuting

attorney dismissed all charges against Mr. Bailey, without prejudice.4

On February 25, 2022, Mr. Bailey filed this action against respondents alleging

claims for malicious prosecution.5 Respondents moved to dismiss, asserting multiple

immunity defenses and asserting that Mr. Bailey failed to state a claim upon which relief

could be granted. That motion was denied, and discovery proceeded, including depositions

of Ms. Woomer, Ms. Stone, APS investigator Janet Napier, and Mr. Lyle. On November

29, 2023, approximately twenty-one months after the action was filed, Mr. Bailey moved

for leave to amend his complaint to add a claim against Legal Aid under theories of

negligent training, supervision, and retention of Ms. Woomer. After briefing and a hearing,

the circuit court entered its November 19, 2024, order denying the motion for leave to

amend. The circuit court determined that Mr. Bailey’s proposed negligence claim exceeded

the SCAWV’s mandate on remand and was thus futile.

On April 15, 2025, respondents filed a motion for summary judgment and Mr.

Bailey responded. On June 18, 2025, the circuit court granted summary judgment to

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The charges were dismissed without prejudice, but the circuit court found that the

statute of limitations for the charges had since expired, which rendered the dismissal final.

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DHHR, MMBH, Ms. Shields, Mr. Richards, MFCU, and Mr. Lyle were also

named in the lawsuit. In a prior appeal in the same case, the Supreme Court of Appeals of

West Virginia (“SCAWV”) dismissed the malicious prosecution claims against MFCU and

Mr. Lyle on qualified immunity grounds. See State ex rel. W. Va. Attorney General,

Medicaid Fraud Control Unit v. Ballard, 249 W. Va. 304, 895 S.E.2d 159 (2023). On

remand, the circuit court dismissed all claims against DHHR, MMBH, Ms. Shields, and

Mr. Richards, leaving only Mr. Bailey’s malicious prosecution claims against Legal Aid,

Ms. Woomer, and Ms. Stone.

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respondents and dismissed the matter, with prejudice. In its June 18, 2025, order the circuit

court concluded: (1) that respondents did not procure any prosecutions; (2) the prosecutions

did not lack probable cause; and (3) that there is no evidence of malice.6 Mr. Bailey’s

appeal of the June 18, 2025, and November 19, 2024, orders followed.

The two orders on appeal are subject to different standards of review. We review

the circuit court’s June 18, 2025, order granting summary judgment under a de novo

standard. See Syl. Pt. 1, Painter v. Peavy, 192 W. Va. 189, 451 S.E.2d 755 (1994) (“A

circuit court’s entry of summary judgment is reviewed de novo.”). The circuit court’s

November 19, 2024, order denying Mr. Bailey’s motion for leave to amend his complaint

is reviewed for abuse of discretion. See Syl. Pt. 4, Bowyer v. Wyckoff, 238 W. Va. 446, 796

S.E.2d 233 (2017) (quoting Syl. Pt. 6, Perdue v. S.J. Groves & Sons Co., 152 W. Va. 222,

161 S.E.2d 250 (1968)) (“refusing to grant leave to amend a pleading will not be regarded

as reversible error in the absence of a showing of an abuse of the trial court’s discretion”).

With these standards in mind, we address the parties’ arguments.

Mr. Bailey first contends that the circuit court erroneously granted summary

judgment to respondents, arguing that genuine issues of material fact exist as to whether

respondents “procured” the three prosecutions, whether probable cause supported the

prosecutions, and whether the parties acted with malice.7 Conversely, respondents argue

that MMBH, APS, MFCU, the Board of Nursing, and the prosecuting attorney all

conducted their own investigations and, applying their own standards, made independent

determinations about whether to proceed. Further, respondents argue that Mr. Bailey fails

to show lack of probable cause and fails to present any evidence of malice. We agree with

respondents.

The elements of a malicious prosecution claim in West Virginia are as follows:

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In determining that Mr. Bailey failed to establish a prima facie malicious

prosecution claim, the circuit court declined to reach respondents’ various immunity

defenses.

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Mr. Bailey further asserts that the circuit court failed to analyze all three

prosecutions allegedly caused by respondents’ conduct—termination of his employment;

the complaint against his nursing license; and the criminal charges. Upon review, the record

demonstrates that the circuit court’s analysis of procurement, lack of probable cause, and

malice with respect to the criminal charges are likewise applicable to the Board of Nursing

complaint and to the employment action taken by MMBH. Thus, we find that any error by

the circuit court in this regard is harmless error, and we decline to reverse the circuit court

on that basis.

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In an action for malicious prosecution, plaintiff must show: (1) that the

prosecution was set on foot and conducted to its termination, resulting in

plaintiff’s discharge; (2) that it was caused or procured by defendant; (3) that

it was without probable cause; and (4) that it was malicious. If plaintiff fails

to prove any of these, he can not [sic] recover.

Syl. Pt. 1, Goodwin v. City of Shepherdstown, 241 W. Va. 416, 825 S.E.2d 363 (2019)

(quoting Syl. Pt. 1, Radochio v. Katzen, 92 W. Va. 340, 114 S.E. 746 (1922)). Specifically,

Mr. Bailey fails to show the elements of procurement, lack of probable cause, and malice.

First, respondents did not procure any of the three prosecutions in this case.

Procurement requires active control over the initiation of the proceedings—merely

submitting findings after an investigation is not enough. See Norfolk S. Ry. Co. v.

Higginbotham, 228 W. Va. 522, 528, 721 S.E.2d 541, 547 (2011) (observing that

procurement “requires more than just the submission of a case to a prosecutor; it requires

that a defendant assert control over the pursuit of the prosecution.”). Here, Ms. Woomer

conducted a legally required investigation under West Virginia Code of State Rules § 64-

59-20.2.5, reported her findings to APS, and took no further action. Respondents played

no role in MMBH’s employment decisions. In addition, Ms. Shields made the complaint

to the Board of Nursing, not respondents, and MFCU’s separate criminal investigation was

initiated by an anonymous tip. The decision to refer the matter to the prosecutor and the

decision to file criminal charges were made by MFCU and the prosecutor, respectively.

Similarly, any decision by MMBH or the Board of Nursing was made independent of Ms.

Woomer’s reporting to APS.

Secondly, Mr. Bailey fails to establish lack of probable cause. A neutral Cabell

County magistrate reviewed the evidence, including Mr. Bailey’s admissions, the patient’s

visible injuries, and video footage. Based on that evidence, the magistrate independently

found probable cause to issue an arrest warrant. That judicial finding creates a presumption

of probable cause that Mr. Bailey has not rebutted with any evidence of fraud, bad faith,

improper purpose, or the like. See Syl. Pt. 5, Jarvis v. West Virginia State Police, 227 W.

Va. 472, 711 S.E.2d 542 (2010) (a grand jury indictment is prima facie evidence

of probable cause for the underlying criminal prosecution, and a plaintiff may rebut this

evidence by showing that the indictment was procured by fraud, perjury, or falsified

evidence). The prosecutor’s subsequent discretionary decision not to pursue those charges

does not establish lack of probable cause here. Similarly, the administrative decisions of

APS and the Board of Nursing to not pursue the claims do not establish a lack of probable

cause.

To establish malice, Mr. Bailey must provide clear evidence that respondents acted

with wrongful intent, improper motives, or intentional or reckless disregard for Mr.

Bailey’s rights. See generally Preiser v. MacQueen, 177 W. Va. 273, 275, 352 S.E.2d 22,

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24 (1985); Norfolk Southern Ry. Co. v. Higginbotham, 228 W. Va. 522, 528, 721 S.E.2d

541, 547 (2011); Truman v. Fidelity & Cas. Co., 146 W. Va. 707, 709, 123 S.E.2d 59, 62

(1961). Ms. Woomer’s findings were based on her observations of M.C.’s visible injuries,

review of a video recording of the incident, and a personal interview with M.C. Ms.

Woomer reported those findings to APS. There is nothing in the record indicating Ms.

Woomer did so for any reason other than to comply with her statutory reporting

requirements. The circuit court determined that Mr. Bailey presented no evidence that Ms.

Woomer engaged in misconduct, bad faith, or that she acted with an improper motive. We

find no reason to disturb that determination on appeal.

For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that Mr. Bailey failed to establish a claim

for malicious prosecution and the circuit court’s June 18, 2025, order granting summary

judgment in favor of respondents is affirmed.

In his second assignment of error, Mr. Bailey asserts that the circuit court abused its

discretion by denying his Motion for Leave to Amend the Complaint to add a claim for

negligent training, supervision, and retention. Respondents argue that Mr. Bailey’s

negligence claim was futile and untimely. Thus, the circuit court did not abuse its discretion

in denying Mr. Bailey’s motion for leave to amend his complaint. We agree.

Rule 15(a) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure provides the circuit court

with discretionary authority to grant or deny leave to amend a complaint “when justice so

requires.” W. Va. R. C. P. 15(a) (1998). While Rule 15(a) is liberally construed, “[i]t is not

an abuse of discretion to deny a motion to amend if the proposed amendment would be

futile.” Johnson v. Pinson, 244 W. Va. 405, 415, 854 S.E.2d 225, 235 (2020). The SCAWV

has determined that a proposed amendment may be considered futile if it could not

withstand a dispositive motion. See id. (finding that proposed amendment to complaint is

futile if it “could not withstand a motion to dismiss”); Pyles v. Mason Cnty. Fair, Inc., 239

W. Va. 882, 889, 806 S.E.2d 806, 813 (2017) (concluding that circuit court did not abuse

its discretion in refusing plaintiff’s motion to add county commission as a defendant

because to do so would be a futile gesture given that commission would be immune from

liability under either West Virginia Governmental Tort Claims and Insurance Reform Act

or public duty doctrine).

It is well-settled that negligence claims in West Virginia are subject to a two-year

limitations period. See W. Va. Code § 55-2-12(b) (1959). In this case, the subject incident

occurred on January 7, 2019, Ms. Woomer issued her report on February 25, 2019, and Mr.

Bailey’s employment was terminated on March 11, 2019. Pursuant to § 55-2-12(b), the

limitations period for Mr. Bailey’s proposed negligence claims expired no later than March

11, 2021, but Mr. Bailey’s motion for leave to amend with the proposed negligence claims

was not filed until November 29, 2023. Therefore, the proposed negligence claims were

filed well after the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. Further, although Mr.

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Bailey contends that the statute of limitations was tolled under the discovery rule, his

proposed amended complaint alleged no newly discovered facts arising from the discovery

process that would justify application of that rule. The record demonstrates that the

discovery rule is inapplicable, and Mr. Bailey’s claims were thus subject to dismissal

through a dispositive motion. Accordingly, we find no reversible error in the circuit court’s

conclusion that the proposed amendment was futile.8

Accordingly, the circuit court’s November 19, 2024, and June 18, 2025, orders are

affirmed.

Affirmed.

ISSUED: April 1, 2026

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Judge Daniel W. Greear

Judge Charles O. Lorensen

Judge Stephen O. Callaghan, sitting by temporary assignment.

Judge S. Ryan White, voluntarily recused

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The circuit court did not rely on the applicable statute of limitations as a basis for

concluding that the amendment was futile. However, an appellate court may affirm a

correct decision based on any grounds supported by the record, “regardless of the ground,

reason or theory asserted by the lower court as the basis for its judgment.” Humphries v.

Detch, 227 W. Va. 627, 635 n.10, 712 S.E.2d 795, 803 n.10 (2011); PITA, LLC v. Segal,

249 W. Va. 26, 40, 894 S.E.2d 379, 393 (2023).

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