Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

MIDDLE DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

TAMPA DIVISION

RAFAEL CAMACHO, JR.,

Plaintiff,

v. Case No: 8:25-cv-03355-JLB-NHA

THE SCHOOL BOARD OF

PINELLAS COUNTY, FLORIDA,

Defendant.

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ORDER

This matter is before the Court on pro se Plaintiff Rafael Camacho, Jr.’s

Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction (Doc. 10).

Acting on behalf of his minor child, R.J.C., Plaintiff seeks a temporary restraining

order (“TRO”) against Defendant School Board of Pinellas County (“SBPC”)

enjoining it from requiring R.J.C.’s return to Forest Lakes Elementary School and

directing it to place him at a different school. (Id. at 4). For the reasons set forth

below, the Court concludes that Plaintiff’s Motion is DENIED in part.

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

The Court has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331. (See

Doc. 9 at ¶¶ 1–2). The Middle District of Florida is the proper venue under 28

U.S.C. § 1391.

BACKGROUND

Plaintiff alleges that R.J.C., a minor child who attended Forest Lakes

Elementary, suffers from Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder,

and a seizure disorder. (Doc. 10 at 1; Doc. 10-1 at ¶ 4). As a result of the seizure

disorder, Plaintiff alleges that R.J.C. is susceptible to injury. (Doc. 10 at 1–3). For

instance, he alleges that prior seizures have resulted in head and dental trauma.

(Doc. 10-1 at ¶ 6).

Defendant, which Plaintiff alleges was aware of R.J.C.’s medical needs and is

responsible for supervision of Forest Lakes Elementary, failed to include a seizure-

response plan, emergency operation procedures, or sensory regulation in R.J.C.’s

Individualized Education Program (“IEP”). (Doc. 9 at ¶ 5; Doc. 10 at 1; Doc. 10-1 at

¶ 5). Despite Defendant verbally telling Plaintiff that R.J.C. had access to sensory

supports, Plaintiff alleges that there is no supporting documentation. (Doc. 10 at 2).

On November 24, 2025, Plaintiff removed R.J.C. from Forest Lakes Elementary.

(Doc. 9 at ¶ 19; Doc. 10 at 5; Doc. 10-1 at ¶ 21).

Plaintiff’s Motion requests that the Court issue a TRO enjoining Defendant

from requiring R.J.C.’s return to Forest Lakes Elementary School, prohibiting

Defendant from maintaining any educational placement for R.J.C. lacking

documented seizure protocol, directing Defendant to transfer R.J.C. to San Jose

Elementary School or a school that will implement appropriate safety protocols, and

preserve the status quo by maintaining R.J.C.’s current removal from Forest Lakes

Elementary School. (Doc. 10 at 4). Plaintiff requests that the TRO be in effect for

14 days or until a hearing on the preliminary injunction. (Id. at 5).

LEGAL STANDARD

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65 provides that the Court may issue a

temporary restraining order without notice to the adverse party only if:

(A) specific facts in an affidavit or a verified complaint clearly show that

immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result to the

movant before the adverse party can be heard in opposition; and

(B) the movant’s attorney certifies in writing any efforts made to give notice

and the reasons why it should not be required.

Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b)(1).

The Court may grant a temporary restraining order if Plaintiff demonstrates:

(1) a substantial likelihood of success on the merits; (2) a likelihood of suffering

irreparable injury without the restraining order; (3) that the threatened injury to it

outweighs the harm the restraining order would cause other litigants; and (4) that

the restraining order would not be adverse to the public interest. Parker v. State

Bd. of Pardons & Paroles, 275 F.3d 1032, 1034–35 (11th Cir. 2001).

DISCUSSION

“The purpose of a temporary restraining order, like a preliminary injunction,

is to protect against irreparable injury and preserve the status quo until the district

court renders a meaningful decision on the merits.” Schiavo ex rel. Schindler v.

Schiavo, 403 F.3d 1223, 1231 (11th Cir. 2005). A temporary restraining order is an

“extraordinary remedy” to which the Court should “pay particular regard for the

public consequences” of granting. Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7,

24 (2008) (citation omitted); Lumpkin v. Fla., Sixth Jud. Cir. Ct., No. 8:25-CV-436-

TPB-CPT, 2025 WL 590121, at *1 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 24, 2025) (“A district court is

authorized to issue a temporary restraining order without notice to the adverse

party only in limited emergency circumstances.”) (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b)).

Indeed, “the asserted irreparable injury must be neither remote nor speculative, but

actual and imminent.” Siegel v. LePore, 234 F.3d 1163, 1176 (11th Cir. 2000)

(citation and internal quotation marks omitted).

Here, Plaintiff contends that the irreparable harm that R.J.C. will suffer at

Forest Lakes Elementary School is “risk of unprotected seizures,” such as dental

and head trauma as well as possible neurological injury. (Doc. 10 at 3). Because

Plaintiff has withdrawn R.J.C. from Forest Lakes, however, this harm is neither

actual nor imminent. Thus, Plaintiff has not shown that an immediate, irreparable

injury would result before Defendant can be heard in opposition. Additionally,

Plaintiff’s Amended Motion is also procedurally deficient, failing to include a

proposed order as required by M.D. Fla. Loc. R. 6.01.

After careful consideration, the Court finds that the extraordinary remedy of

a TRO is not warranted in this case. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s Motion is DENIED in

part to the extent that it seeks a TRO. With respect to Plaintiff’s request for

preliminary injunction, the Court will schedule a hearing on the motion by separate

order. In the event that the Court determines R.J.C.’s placement at Forest Lakes

Elementary is inappropriate, the Court requests that Plaintiff provide alternative

schools that Plaintiff agrees are appropriate, such as San Jose Elementary School.

CONCLUSION

Accordingly, itis ORDERED:

(1) Plaintiff's Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary

Injunction (Doc. 10) is DENIED in part.

(2) The Court will set a hearing on Plaintiff's motion for preliminary

injunction by separate order.

(3) The United States Marshal is DIRECTED to serve this Order on

Defendant.

ORDERED in Tampa, Florida, on January 9, 2026.

JOHN L. BADALAMENTI

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE