Stowers

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA

CHARLESTON DIVISION

SHAWN S.,

Plaintiff,

vs. CIVIL ACTION NO. 2:25-CV-00326

FRANK BISIGNANO,

Commissioner Of Social Security,

Defendant.

PROPOSED FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION

This is an action seeking review of the final decision of the Commissioner of Social

Security denying the Plaintiff’s applications for Disability Insurance Benefits (DIB) and

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) under Titles II and XVI of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C.

§§ 401-433, 1381-1383f, respectively. By Order entered May 19, 2025 (ECF No. 2), this case was

referred to the undersigned United States Magistrate Judge to consider the pleadings and evidence,

and to submit proposed findings of fact and recommendations for disposition pursuant to 28 U.S.C.

§ 636(b)(1)(B). Presently pending before the Court are the Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment on the

Pleadings along with his Brief in Support of Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings1, and the

Defendant’s (hereinafter “Commissioner”) Brief in Support of Defendant’s Decision. (ECF Nos.

6, 7, 8)

1 On August 6, 2025, the Plaintiff filed a Motion to Extend Time to File Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings and

Brief in Support, asking for a thirty-day extension to the deadline to file same on or before September 5, 2025 (ECF

No. 5). However, the Plaintiff filed his Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings and Brief in Support contemporaneously

thereto (ECF Nos. 6, 7) and has not filed a reply brief in this matter. Accordingly, the undersigned DENIES the

Plaintiff’s Motion to Extend Time as MOOT.

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Having fully considered the record and the arguments of the parties, the undersigned

respectfully RECOMMENDS that the United States District Judge DENY the Plaintiff’s request

for entry of an award for benefits, or alternatively, remand (ECF No. 7); GRANT the

Commissioner’s request to affirm the final decision (ECF No. 8); AFFIRM the final decision; and

DISMISS this matter from this Court’s docket for the reasons stated infra.

Procedural History

The Plaintiff protectively filed his applications for DIB and SSI on September 23, 2022,

alleging disability since June 1, 2021 due to “cervical spondylosis, depression, cervical

radiculopathy, fogginess associated with headaches, anxiety, PTSD, night terrors, a heart attack

years ago, tremors, passes out, chronic neck and back pain, and tingling and numbness [in] hands”

(Tr. at 17, 435). His claims were initially denied on August 10, 2023 (Tr. at 17, 75-88, 90-103)

and again upon reconsideration on October 30, 2023 (Tr. at 17, 105-116, 118-129). Thereafter, he

filed a written request for hearing on November 14, 2023 (Tr. at 17, 187-188).

An administrative hearing was held on February 10, 2025 before the Honorable Maria

Hodges, Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) (Tr. at 39-69). On February 14, 2025, the ALJ entered

an unfavorable decision (Tr. at 14-38). Thereafter, the Plaintiff sought review by the Appeals

Council of the ALJ’s decision (Tr. at 349-350). The ALJ’s decision became the final decision of

the Commissioner on March 21, 2025 when the Appeals Council denied the Plaintiff’s Request

for Review (Tr. at 1-6).

On May 16, 2025, the Plaintiff timely brought the present action seeking judicial review

of the administrative decision pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). (ECF No. 1) The Commissioner

filed a Transcript of the Administrative Proceedings. (ECF No. 4) Subsequently, the Plaintiff filed

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a Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings along with a Brief in Support of Motion for Judgment on

the Pleadings (ECF Nos. 7, 6), in response, the Commissioner filed a Brief in Support of

Defendant’s Decision (ECF No. 8). Consequently, this matter is fully briefed and ready for

resolution.

Plaintiff’s Background

The Plaintiff was 45 years old as of the alleged onset date, and therefore considered a

“younger individual” See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1563(c), 416.963(c). (Tr. at 29) He has a limited

education, and has past relevant work as a long-haul truck driver, a medium, semi-skilled job and

heavy as performed. (Id.)

Standard

Under 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5) and § 1382c(a)(3)(H)(i), a claimant filing for disability

benefits has the burden of proving a disability. See Blalock v. Richardson, 483 F.2d 773, 774 (4th

Cir. 1972). A disability is defined as the “inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by

reason of any medically determinable impairment which can be expected to last for a continuous

period of not less than 12 months . . . .” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A).

The Social Security Regulations establish a “sequential evaluation” for the adjudication of

disability claims. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920. If an individual is found “not disabled” at any

step, further inquiry is unnecessary. Id. §§ 404.1520(a), 416.920(a). The first inquiry under the

sequence is whether a claimant is currently engaged in substantial gainful employment. Id. §§

404.1520(b), 416.920(b). If the claimant is not, the second inquiry is whether claimant suffers from

a severe impairment. Id. §§ 404.1520(c), 416.920(c). If a severe impairment is present, the third

inquiry is whether such impairment meets or equals any of the impairments listed in Appendix 1

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to Subpart P of the Administrative Regulations No. 4. Id. §§ 404.1520(d), 416.920(d). If it does,

the claimant is found disabled and awarded benefits. Id. If it does not, the fourth inquiry is whether

the claimant’s impairments prevent the performance of past relevant work. Id. §§ 404.1520(f),

416.920(f). By satisfying inquiry four, the claimant establishes a prima facie case of disability.

Hall v. Harris, 658 F.2d 260, 264 (4th Cir. 1981).

The burden then shifts to the Commissioner, McLain v. Schweiker, 715 F.2d 866, 868-69

(4th Cir. 1983), and leads to the fifth and final inquiry: whether the claimant is able to perform

other forms of substantial gainful activity, considering claimant’s remaining physical and mental

capacities and claimant’s age, education and prior work experience. Id. §§ 404.1520(g),

416.920(g). The Commissioner must show two things: (1) that the claimant, considering claimant’s

age, education, work experience, skills and physical shortcomings, has the capacity to perform an

alternative job, and (2) that this specific job exists in the national economy. McLamore v.

Weinberger, 538 F.2d 572, 574 (4th Cir. 1976).

When a claimant alleges a mental impairment, the Social Security Administration (“SSA”)

“must follow a special technique at every level in the administrative review process.” 20 C.F.R.

§§ 404.1520a(a), 416.920a(a). First, the SSA evaluates the claimant’s pertinent symptoms, signs

and laboratory findings to determine whether the claimant has a medically determinable mental

impairment and documents its findings if the claimant is determined to have such an impairment.

Second, the SSA rates and documents the degree of functional limitation resulting from the

impairment according to criteria as specified in Sections 404.1520a(c) and 416.920a(c). These

Sections provides as follows:

(c) Rating the degree of functional limitation. (1) Assessment of functional

limitations is a complex and highly individualized process that requires us to

consider multiple issues and all relevant evidence to obtain a longitudinal picture

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of your overall degree of functional limitation. We will consider all relevant and

available clinical signs and laboratory findings, the effects of your symptoms, and

how your functioning may be affected by factors including, but not limited to,

chronic mental disorders, structured settings, medication and other treatment.

(2) We will rate the degree of your functional limitation based on the extent

to which your impairment(s) interferes with your ability to function independently,

appropriately, effectively, and on a sustained basis. Thus, we will consider such

factors as the quality and level of your overall functional performance, any episodic

limitations, the amount of supervision or assistance you require, and the settings in

which you are able to function. See 12.00C through 12.00H of the Listing of

Impairments in appendix 1 to this subpart for more information about the factors

we consider when we rate the degree of your functional limitation.

(3) We have identified four broad functional areas in which we will rate the

degree of your functional limitation: Understand, remember, or apply information;

interact with others; concentrate, persist, or maintain pace; and adapt or manage

oneself. See 12.00E of the Listings of Impairments in appendix 1 of this subpart.

(4) When we rate the degree of limitation in the first three functional areas

(understand, remember, or apply information; interact with others; concentrate,

persist, or maintain pace; and adapt or manage oneself), we will use the following

five-point scale: None, mild, moderate, marked, and extreme. The last point on the

scale represents a degree of limitation that is incompatible with the ability to do any

gainful activity.

Third, after rating the degree of functional limitation from the claimant’s impairment(s),

the SSA determines their severity. A rating of “none” or “mild” will yield a finding that the

impairment(s) is/are not severe unless evidence indicates more than minimal limitation in the

claimant’s ability to do basic work activities. Id. §§ 404.1520a(d)(1), 416.920a(d)(1).

Fourth, if the claimant’s impairment(s) is/are deemed severe, the SSA compares the

medical findings about the severe impairment(s) and the rating and degree and functional

limitation to the criteria of the appropriate listed mental disorder to determine if the severe

impairment(s) meet or are equal to a listed mental disorder. Id. §§ 404.1520a(d)(2),

416.920a(d)(2).

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Finally, if the SSA finds that the claimant has a severe mental impairment(s) which neither

meets nor equals a listed mental disorder, the SSA assesses the claimant’s residual functional

capacity. Id. §§ 404.1520a(d)(3), 416.920a(d)(3). The Regulations further specify how the findings

and conclusion reached in applying the technique must be documented at the ALJ and Appeals

Council levels as follows:

At the administrative law judge hearing and the Appeals Council levels, the written

decision must incorporate the pertinent findings and conclusions based on the

technique. The decision must show the significant history, including examination

and laboratory findings, and the functional limitations that were considered in

reaching a conclusion about the severity of the mental impairment(s). The decision

must include a specific finding as to the degree of limitation in each of the

functional areas described in paragraph (c) of this section.

Id. §§ 404.1520a(e)(4), 416.920a(e)(4).

Summary of ALJ’s Decision

In this particular case, the ALJ determined that the Plaintiff met the insured status

requirements through June 30, 2025. (Tr. at 19, Finding No. 1) At the first inquiry, the ALJ found

that the Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since June 1, 2021, the alleged

onset date. (Id., finding No. 2) At the second inquiry, the ALJ determined the Plaintiff has the

following severe impairments: Hepatitis C; degenerative disc disease; right carpal tunnel

syndrome; bilateral ulnar neuropathy; headaches; post-traumatic stress disorder; anxiety disorder;

and drug and alcohol use disorder. (Tr. at 19-20, Finding No. 3) At the third inquiry, the ALJ

concluded that the Plaintiff’s impairments or combination thereof did not meet or equal the level

of severity of any listing in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. (Tr. at 20, Finding No. 4)

The ALJ then found that the Plaintiff has the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform light

work except:

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he can occasionally climb ramps and stairs. He can never climb ladders, ropes, or

scaffolds. He can occasionally balance as defined by the SCO of the DOT. He can

occasionally stoop, kneel, crouch, and never crawl. He is limited in reaching

overhead to frequently. He must avoid concentrated exposure to extreme cold,

wetness, and vibration. He must avoid all exposure to the hazards of moving

machinery and unprotected heights. He can do no commercial driving. He can

frequently handle, finger and feel. He can have occasional interaction with others.

He can perform no hourly quota work, with only occasional changes in the work

setting. He must avoid bright lights, like stage lights, and loud music. He needs a

cane for standing and ambulation.

(Tr. at 22, Finding No. 5)

At step four, the ALJ found the Plaintiff was incapable of performing past relevant work.

(Tr. at 29, Finding No. 6) However, in addition to his age, education, the immateriality of the

transferability of job skills, and RFC, the ALJ found there were jobs that existed in significant

numbers in the national economy that the Plaintiff can perform. (Id., Finding Nos. 7-10) The ALJ

also found that the Plaintiff’s substance use disorder(s) is not a contributing factor material to the

determination of disability. (Tr. at 30, Finding No. 11) Finally, the ALJ determined the Plaintiff

has not been under a disability since June 1, 2021 through the date of the decision. (Tr. at 31,

Finding No. 12)

Plaintiff’s Challenges to the Commissioner’s Decision

The Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in a few respects: she failed to fully develop the

medical evidence as it relates to the Plaintiff’s physical and mental impairments; she failed to

consider the combined effect of those impairments; the ALJ substituted her own opinion for the

opinions provided by the Plaintiff’s treating providers; and/or the ALJ erroneously relied on those

opinions provided by non-treating and partial record-reviewing state physicians. (ECF No. 6 at 18-

19) The Plaintiff states that the evidence shows that he is disabled, and asks that the final decision

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be reversed and he be awarded benefits, or alternatively, remand this matter for further proceedings

so that his impairments be fully developed and a more accurate hypothetical question be asked of

the vocational expert regarding his residual mental and physical functional capacity. (Id. at 19-20)

In response, the Commissioner asserts that the ALJ evaluated the entirety of the evidence

appropriately, and the Plaintiff merely relies on his self-reported symptoms without identifying

any gaps in the evidence the ALJ failed to consider or develop; the Plaintiff’s conclusory

arguments on this point has been rejected by this Court previously. (ECF No. 8 at 6-8)

Additionally, the ALJ properly evaluated the Plaintiff’s symptoms against the record. (Id. at 8)

The Commissioner further contends that the Plaintiff fails to show how he met any specific Listing

at step three, only through conclusory statements, and that the ALJ appropriately and explicitly

determined that the severity of the Plaintiff’s impairments, singly and in combination, did not meet

or medically equal Listing criteria. (Id. at 8-11) Finally, the Commissioner states that the final

decision is supported by substantial evidence and asks this Court to affirm. (Id. at 11)

The Relevant Evidence of Record2

The undersigned has considered all evidence of record pertaining to the Plaintiff’s

arguments and discusses it below.

Summary of Relevant Medical Evidence:

The ALJ observed that the Plaintiff has a history of cervicalgia following a motor vehicle

accident in May 2021; he still complained of having pain through October 2021; and he completed

ten physical therapy visits, resulting in improved mobility, though he still reported a fairly high

2 The undersigned focuses on the relevant evidence of record pertaining to the issues on appeal as referenced by the

parties in their respective pleadings.

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pain intensity (Tr. at 23, 531-560, 561-591, 592-595). Additionally, the ALJ noted that an x-ray of

the Plaintiff’s cervical spine showed mild degenerative changes without significant foraminal or

spinal canal stenosis (Tr. at 24, 1019-1067). The Plaintiff had a nerve conduction study, showing

median neuropathy across the right wrist consistent with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome,

as well as mild bilateral ulnar neuropathy across the elbows; the Plaintiff complained of numbness

and tingling in his hands with no weakness; there was no evidence of cervical radiculopathy (Tr.

at 24, 1139-1146; see also, Tr. at 25, 1213-1242, 1139-1146).

At the time of his motor vehicle accident, the ALJ noted that treatment records indicated

the Plaintiff had passed out at the scene, and later had a headache; while a head CT scan showed

no acute intracranial process, the treating provider had a low suspicion of intercranial hemorrhage

or contusion, a spinal injury, a skull fracture, bony injury, intro-abdominal or intra thoracic injury

(Tr. at 24, 596-604, 605-616). The ALJ further noted that the Plaintiff had been treated for

headaches/migraines throughout the record, noting that the Plaintiff reported having up to two

headaches per week; the Plaintiff described having light and sound sensitivity with his headaches,

which were exacerbated by physical movement and emotional stress, for which he would stay in

a dark room and try to sleep to relieve them (Tr. at 25-26, 958-973, 1139-1146). The ALJ also

noted that head CTs have been normal throughout the medical record and that the Plaintiff takes

medication for his migraines, which notably have helped somewhat (Id.).

The ALJ also noted the medical record showed that the Plaintiff had been treated for

experiencing syncopal episodes since June 2022, having presented at the emergency room for an

episode that occurred the previous day; the ALJ observed that treatment records showed that upon

evaluation, the Plaintiff was stable, and that his dizziness and syncope had disappeared, but before

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a treatment plan could be composed, the Plaintiff left against medical advice (Tr. at 24, 758-845).

The ALJ acknowledged that the Plaintiff reported having five to six syncopal episodes per year,

and in one such episode, he had fallen down and broke out his front teeth and eye bone; however,

an EEG taken in January 2023 was normal (Tr. at 24, 974-977). In July 2023, the Plaintiff suffered

another syncopal episode and was admitted to the hospital for two days: an echocardiogram was

normal; a CT scan of the cervical spine showed an acute compression deformity across the anterior,

superior endplate at the endplate at the L3 level with approximately 20 percent height loss

anteriorly; a head CT scan was normal; and another CT scan showed a T8 compression fracture

with chronic radiographic features and no acute abnormality; the Plaintiff was subsequently

discharged in stable condition (Tr. at 24, 1085-1123).

Regarding the Plaintiff’s back and neck pain issues, the ALJ noted that the record

demonstrated that examination findings were mild, and further noted that in September 2023, the

Plaintiff ambulated without a cane; though he had pain to palpation bilaterally, worse on his right

side, and trigger pains in the cervical region, the Plaintiff’s upper and lower extremity movements

were unrestricted and not painful; he had no obvious muscle weakness or waste; the Plaintiff had

full strength in both upper and lower extremities; his reflexes depressed but symmetrical; and his

sensory examination was normal (Tr. at 24-25, 1139-1146, 1278-1287).

The ALJ next reviewed the consultative examination performed by Karen Jewell, APRN

FNP-BC in July 2023 (Tr. at 25, 1139-1146). The report provided that the Plaintiff could remove

and replace his socks and shoes; he used a cane which was prescribed; his gait was slow;

Babinski’s signs were negative; he could walk on his heels and toes and perform tandem gait and

squat without difficulty; sensation was normal; reflexes abnormal; he had one out of four deep

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tendon reflexes in the bilateral upper extremities; he was able to balance and stand on one leg;

vibrations and sharp/dull differentiation were normal; tenderness was noted in the T1 area and

paravertebral muscle spasms were also noted; the ALJ observed there were minimal medical

records past 2023 (Id.).

The ALJ recognized that the Plaintiff had contracted Hepatitis C from drug abuse, however,

the Plaintiff had been off IV drugs for longer than a year without current liver symptoms (Tr. at

25, 936-953); a July 2022 liver ultrasound was normal (Tr. at 25, 995-1010); the Plaintiff began

treatment for Hepatitis C in March 2023 and he responded well and was compliant with his

medication (Id.); in July 2023 a Fibro scan showed no significant fibrosis (Tr. at 25, 1068-1070).

In terms of mental health, the ALJ noted that in April 2023, the Plaintiff had a neurological

test to assess his alleged memory loss, however, during examination, there were much larger than

average, non-credible somatic/cognitive complaints and non-credible memory complaints,

therefore, the test was considered invalid by the evaluator (Tr. at 26, 27, 1312-1242).

The ALJ also acknowledged that the Plaintiff has a lengthy history of both alcohol and

hard drug abuse; he had quit both over nine years previously, and though he receives counseling

and suboxone treatment, he continues to use marijuana daily (Tr. at 26, 1011-1018).

In addition, the ALJ noted that the Plaintiff had treated at Prestera Center from September

to December 2022 for anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance abuse disorder (Tr. at

26, 911-935). Examination findings showed that the Plaintiff was alert and oriented to place and

time, but not the exact date; he was restless; eye contact was decreased but he was cooperative;

mood was depressed and anxious and affect was constricted; reaction time was slow; intelligence

was estimated at below average; insight and judgment were fair (Id.). The Plaintiff was prescribed

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psychotropic medication; the ALJ observed there were only two exhibits with records from

Prestera Center as the Plaintiff’s treatment was not consistent or ongoing (Id.); additionally, the

ALJ noted that the Plaintiff quit going in 2023 because he did not want to take his mental health

medication with his Hepatitis C medication as he thought it would hurt his liver (Tr. at 27, 1011-

1018). The ALJ also recognized that the Plaintiff treated with his primary care physician for

anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder with medication, and on examination, his mental status

was deemed normal (Tr. at 26, 936-953).

Opinion Evidence and Prior Administrative Findings:

The ALJ determined the psychological opinion evidence provided by the state agency

consultants unpersuasive, noting that both opined the Plaintiff had non-severe mental impairments

and that both opinions were unsupported by the consultants’ own notations of the objective

medical evidence, which included diagnoses of severe anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder;

the ALJ further found the opinions inconsistent with the Plaintiff’s treatment records (Tr. at 28,

75-88, 90-103, 105-116, 118-129, 846-910). Likewise, the ALJ found the medical opinion

evidence provided by the state agency consultants unpersuasive, noting that while both opined the

Plaintiff remained capable of light work, they were unsupported by the medical evidence, showing

that the Plaintiff’s gait was slow and his exhibited tenderness of the T1 area and paravertebral

muscle spasms; further the ALJ found the opinions inconsistent with the Plaintiff’s treatment

records, which included injections, care from a neurologist, and physical therapy, in addition to

other objective findings within the record (Tr. at 28, 75-88, 90-103, 105-116, 118-129, 1019-1067,

1139-1146). Moreover, the ALJ noted that the medical records supported the Plaintiff’s need for

a cane (Tr. at 28).

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The ALJ then considered the opinion of Evan McClanahan, M.D., which consisted of a

letter dated February 3, 2023 that indicated the Plaintiff had been under his care since July 8, 2022

and that the Plaintiff had been diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury from the motor vehicle

collisions in June 2021 and November 2021 (Tr. at 28, 978). The ALJ noted that Dr. McClanahan

found that the Plaintiff had issues with syncope and had lost his CDL license and therefore not

recommended to drive and operate machinery, swim, or engage in other potentially dangerous

activities (Id.). The ALJ found the opinion persuasive, as it is supported by the provider’s own

objective findings and the medical evidence; the ALJ also found it consistent with the Plaintiff’s

treatment records as well as other objective findings within the record (Tr. at 28, 978, 758-845).

Finally, the ALJ found the opinion of psychologist, Kelly Robinson, M.A., provided in

May 2023, persuasive, noting that her opinion that the Plaintiff could not handle his own benefits

is supported by her own observations, as well as the Plaintiff’s history of drug abuse, and consistent

with the Plaintiff’s treatment history for drug and alcohol abuse, in addition to the other objective

findings throughout the record (Tr. at 29, 1011-1018, 846-910).

The Administrative Hearing

Plaintiff’s Testimony:

The Plaintiff testified that he has a ninth grade education but later obtained his GED and

has vocational training in CDL truck driving (Tr. at 43). He stated that he is unable to work because

he has “passing out episodes” and that they occur on a regular basis, a couple of times a week and

then he gets bad migraines (Tr. at 44-45). The Plaintiff estimated he could lift five pounds with

both hands, or a gallon of milk (Tr. at 45).

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The Plaintiff confirmed that he did not have surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome, or for his

neck issues, but did state he had lower back surgery (Tr. at 46-47). He estimated that he could

stand/walk for about fifteen minutes before needing to sit down again and could sit for about thirty

minutes before he needs to stand up (Tr. at 47). Although the Plaintiff was prescribed a cane, he

could not recall when, and explained that he has memory issues (Id.). He estimated that he could

walk a block or so before needing to stop (Tr. at 62).

Because of a “real bad head injury”, the Plaintiff testified that he gets confused easily (Tr.

at 48).

The Plaintiff testified that he was receiving treatment for his migraines, but had moved to

Texas for the warmer weather, and was attempting to get his medical card there, but then returned

and had not yet received any further treatment for this condition, as he has not yet obtained his

medical card here (Id.). He does not know what triggers his headaches, although noise and bright

light sometimes caused them, and he estimated he gets one or two migraines a week, lasting a day,

day and a half, and sometimes longer (Tr. at 48, 58). For relief, the Plaintiff testified that he go

into a dark place and keep his eyes shut, and try to relax and deal with the pain (Tr. at 48-49).

When he did receive treatment for his headaches/migraines, the Plaintiff testified that it did not

really help (Tr. at 49).

Regarding his Hepatitis C, the Plaintiff testified that he had been receiving infusions for

treatment, but not anymore; he did not know how this condition impacts his ability to function day

to day (Id.).

The Plaintiff testified that his PTSD and anxiety impacts his ability to go to stores, because

he starts to feel real panicky, forgets what he needed, and gets confused and will just leave (Id.).

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He does not belong to any social groups, and does not get along with others, and tries to stay at

home (Tr. at 50).

The Plaintiff testified that his sleep is sometimes okay, and sometimes not, there is no real

consistency with his sleep patterns (Id.). Because he lost his medical card, he has been unable to

get medication to help with his sleep (Tr. at 50-51). He wakes up several times during the night

due to pain (Tr. at 59).

The Plaintiff testified that he lives alone, but he receives help from his daughter and son-

in-law; they get him groceries, his daughter does house chores, including the Plaintiff’s laundry

(Tr. at 51). He makes himself microwave meals, or a bowl of cereal (Id.).

To pass the time, the Plaintiff stated that he has a dog and watches TV, but he cannot

remember what he watches after a show is over (Tr. at 52).

The Plaintiff testified that he suffered a heart attack, but did not recall when, except it had

been “some years back” and that he had COPD and emphysema (Tr. at 52-53). The Plaintiff

testified that he had not drank alcohol or used opioids in sixteen and twelve years, respectively,

and when he had his medical card, he was on Suboxone for treatment (Tr. at 53). The Plaintiff

denied his passing out episodes were due to alcohol or drugs, but as a result of his traumatic brain

injury (Tr. at 53-54).

The Plaintiff testified that he has depression, which causes him to have “rambling

thoughts” in his head, mostly about his past, and the tragic death of his grandmother, who raised

him (Tr. at 54).

Although he still has a license, the Plaintiff testified that he tries not to drive, because he is

afraid of passing out; he stated he passed out a week previously and hurt his rib (Id.).

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The Plaintiff confirmed that he had been in a motor vehicle accident in 2021 and injured

his right shoulder; he has trouble reaching with his right arm and can “not really” reach overhead

(Tr. at 55).

Regarding his back and neck issues, the Plaintiff testified that he was given injections, but

they did not help at all (Id.). He uses heating pads and cold, and a TENS-unit to alleviate his pain,

and his daughter bought him a vibrating bed, which seems to help a little bit, especially with his

breathing (Tr. at 55-56, 58). The Plaintiff testified that he has pain when sitting, lying down, and

when standing or sitting for long periods, his pain increases (Tr. at 60). The Plaintiff stated that his

pain distracts him and he is bothered by people around him when he is experiencing pain (Id.). His

neck pain radiates down into his arms and hands and his low back pain radiates into his right leg

and hip (Id.).

In terms of his anxiety, the Plaintiff also experiences fatigue, where he has no motivation

to do anything; he also gets “the shakes real bad” and “sweats”, which also affects his ability to

concentrate, and makes him very irritable (Tr. at 60-61). In addition, his ability to understand and

remember things, or to be around people, are affected (Tr. at 61).

Vocational Expert’s Testimony:

The vocational expert testified that the Plaintiff’s past relevant work is classified as

medium, semi-skilled work, but as the Plaintiff performed it, heavy (Tr. at 63). Under the

controlling RFC, supra, the vocational expert opined that a hypothetical with the Plaintiff’s profile

would be unable to perform the Plaintiff’s past relevant work, but can perform other unskilled

positions in the national economy: price marker; router; or tag inserter (Tr. at 63-64). The

vocational expert stated that should the individual require a cane for ambulation, it would have no

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impact on the aforementioned jobs; however, if the individual needed the cane for both ambulation

and standing, it would eliminate all jobs identified (Tr. at 64). Instead, the individual could perform

sedentary work, including the jobs such as a leaf tier, final assembler, and waxer, each unskilled

(Id.).

In response to questioning by the Plaintiff’s attorney, the vocational expert opined that if

the hypothetical individual were limited to lifting five, six, or seven pounds with either or both

hands, all jobs would be precluded (Tr. at 65). If the individual were limited to standing only fifteen

to twenty minutes at a time, then light work would be precluded (Tr. at 66). If the individual would

need a break from sitting after each hour, that would preclude sedentary work (Tr. at 66-67).

Finally, if the individual had difficulty concentrating, remembering, and applying information and

could not perform simple, routine work, then such an individual could not perform the sedentary

jobs identified, or the price marker or router positions identified at the light exertional level (Tr. at

67).

Scope of Review

The sole issue before this Court is whether the final decision of the Commissioner denying

the claims is supported by substantial evidence. In Blalock v. Richardson, substantial evidence

was defined as:

evidence which a reasoning mind would accept as sufficient to support a particular

conclusion. It consists of more than a mere scintilla of evidence but may be

somewhat less than a preponderance. If there is evidence to justify a refusal to direct

a verdict were the case before a jury, then there is ‘substantial evidence.’

Blalock v. Richardson, 483 F.2d 773, 776 (4th Cir. 1972) (quoting Laws v. Celebrezze, 368 F.2d

640, 642 (4th Cir. 1966)). Additionally, the Commissioner, not the Court, is charged with resolving

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conflicts in the evidence, however, the Court determines if the final decision of the Commissioner

is based upon an appropriate application of the law. Hays v. Sullivan, 907 F.2d 1453, 1456 (4th

Cir. 1990). Further, the Courts “must not abdicate their traditional functions; they cannot escape

their duty to scrutinize the record as a whole to determine whether the conclusions reached are

rational.” Oppenheim v. Finch, 495 F.2d 396, 397 (4th Cir. 1974). If substantial evidence exists,

the Court must affirm the Commissioner’s decision “even should the court disagree with such

decision.” Blalock, 483 F.2d at 775.

Analysis

As noted supra, the Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed in her duty to develop the record

with respect to several alleged impairments3, failed to consider the combined effect of both his

physical and mental impairments; and also failed to consider the medical records provided by

longtime treating physicians and substituted her opinion for those of the Plaintiff’s treating

physicians. (ECF No. 6 at 14-19)

To the extent that the Plaintiff has argued that the ALJ “failed to consider” the medical

records of his treating physicians4, the undersigned FINDS this argument wholly without merit:

throughout the written decision, the ALJ made repeated citations to the medical records of the

3 The Plaintiff specified that the following impairments preclude his ability to engage in substantial gainful activity:

cervical spondylosis; cervical hyperlordosis; cervical radiculopathy; cervical paraspinal muscle spasms; cervical

sprain; memory issues; suicidal ideation; fogginess associated with headaches; heart attack years ago; tremors;

traumatic brain injury with persistent deficit; syncope episodes; lower back surgery; compression fracture L3 vertebra;

and chronic back pain. (ECF No. 6 at 14)

4 The Plaintiff names the following providers: Pramod Kumar, M.D., St. Mary’s Pain Relief; Dr. Nicholas Phan, of

Marshall Health Neurosurgeon; Beth Kearns, BSW, of Prestera; Marie Casne, NP, of Prestera; Kevin Bishop, NP,

Marshall Health; David Rupp, M.D., Marshall Health; Evan McClanahan, M.D., Marshall Health; Michel Saver,

M.D., Marshall Health; and Kasey Stickler, M.D., Marshall Health.

18

Plaintiff’s longtime treating providers (Tr. at 20-29). Notably, the Plaintiff does not identify any

medical records the ALJ failed to consider, but merely identifies random providers. While the ALJ

did not specifically identify the names of the individual providers in her discussion of the evidence,

it is clear that she did consider this evidence, as summarized supra. As for the Plaintiff’s argument

that the ALJ “substituted” her own opinion for those of his treating physicians, the undersigned

FINDS this argument completely baseless: for starters, ONLY ONE of the providers identified

by the Plaintiff in his opening brief has a “medical opinion” in evidence as defined under 20 C.F.R.

§§ 404.1513(a)(2), 416.913(a)(2). Additionally, as discussed supra, the ALJ explicitly addressed

the opinion provided by Evan McClanahan, M.D. (Tr. at 28, 978) Moreover, the Plaintiff offers

nothing in support of his argument that the ALJ “substituted” her own opinion, let alone identify

what that may have been, save for a conclusory statement.5 6

The Duty to Develop the Evidence:

In Cook v. Heckler, the Fourth Circuit noted that an ALJ has a “responsibility to help

develop the evidence.” Cook v. Heckler, 783 F.2d 1168, 1173 (4th Cir. 1986). The Court stated

that “[t]his circuit has held that the ALJ has a duty to explore all relevant facts and inquire into the

issues necessary for adequate development of the record, and cannot rely on evidence submitted

5 As an additional matter, the Plaintiff also makes a conclusory argument that the ALJ improperly relied upon “non-

treating and partial record-reviewing state physicians” (ECF No. 6 at 19). As discussed supra, this is totally inaccurate:

the ALJ herein found the state agency consultant opinions not persuasive, and even found the Plaintiff’s own treating

provider’s opinion persuasive. (Tr. at 28)

6 This Court has recognized that the broad reference to nearly the entire medical record without asserting any specific

challenge to the ALJ’s consideration of the evidence does not carry any weight on appeal. See, e.g., Williams v. Saul,

No. 3:18-cv-01282, 2019 WL 3756392, at *13 (S.D.W. Va. July 17, 2019), report and recommendation adopted, 2019

WL 3759805 (S.D.W. Va. Aug. 7, 2019) (“Claimant does not identify any error in the ALJ’s consideration of the

medical opinions, and her generalization that the ALJ failed to consider the opinions, without any reference to any

specific error by the ALJ, fails to carry any weight.”).

19

by the claimant when that evidence is inadequate.” Id. The court explained that the ALJ’s failure

to ask further questions and to demand the production of further evidence about the claimant’s

arthritis claim in order to determine if it met the requirements in the listings of impairments

amounted to a neglect of his duty to develop the evidence. Id.

Nevertheless, it is the Plaintiff’s responsibility to prove to the Commissioner that he is

disabled. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1512(a), 416.912(a) (“In general, you have to prove to us that you are

blind or disabled. You must inform us about or submit all evidence known to you that relates to

whether or not you are blind or disabled.” Thus, the Plaintiff is responsible for providing medical

evidence to the Commissioner showing that he has an impairment, further, the Regulations are

clear that this responsibility is ongoing at each level of the administrative review process. Id. The

Supreme Court noted:

The severity regulation does not change the settled allocation of burdens of proof

in disability proceedings. It is true . . . that the Secretary bears the burden of proof

at step five . . . [b]ut the Secretary is required to bear this burden only if the

sequential evaluation process proceeds to the fifth step. The claimant first must

bear the burden . . . of showing that . . . he has a medically severe impairment or

combination of impairments . . . . If the process ends at step two, the burden of

proof never shifts to the Secretary. . . . It is not unreasonable to require the

claimant, who is in a better position to provide information about his own medical

condition, to do so.

Bowen v. Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 146 n.5 (1987).

Although the ALJ has a duty to fully and fairly develop the record, he is not required to act

as the Plaintiff’s counsel. Clark v. Shalala, 28 F.3d 828, 830-831 (8th Cir. 1994). In this case, the

Plaintiff was represented by counsel and the ALJ has the right to assume that his counsel was

presenting the strongest case for benefits. See Laney v. Astrue, 2011 WL 11889, at *11 (S.D.W.

Va. Jan. 4, 2011) (Eifert, M.J.) (citing Nichols v. Astrue, 2009 WL 2512417, at *4 (7th Cir. 2009).

20

An ALJ’s duty to develop the record does not require him to make specific inquiries into the

Plaintiff’s treatment modalities or search for cumulative evidence; his duty is to obtain sufficient

evidence upon which he can render an informed decision. Id. (internal citations omitted).

The Plaintiff bears the burden of establishing a prima facie entitlement to benefits. See Hall

v. Harris, 658 F.2d 260, 264-65 (4th Cir. 1981); 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(A) (“An individual shall not

be considered to be under a disability unless he furnishes such medical and other evidence of the

existence thereof as the Commissioner of Social Security may require.”) Similarly, the Plaintiff

“bears the risk of non-persuasion.” Seacrist v. Weinberger, 538 F.2d 1054, 1056 (4th Cir. 1976).

With respect to the Plaintiff’s assertion that the ALJ failed to develop the evidence

concerning his numerous impairments (See footnote 2, supra), it is noted that the Plaintiff neither

specifies what evidence was inadequately fleshed out by the ALJ, nor what evidence specifically

supports his argument that he is disabled. As pointed out by the Commissioner (ECF No. 8 at 6-

7), this Court has repeatedly rejected such arguments:

[Plaintiff] does not identify any gaps in the record or further evidence that the ALJ

should have developed. []He cites a legal standard and does not articulate how it

applies to h[is] case. [Plaintiff’s] conclusory assertion that the ALJ failed to develop

the record does not assert a viable challenge to the Commissioner's decision.

Indeed, the Court should not be tasked with researching and constructing

[Plaintiff’s] arguments for h[im]. [Plaintiff] fails to specify any deficiencies in the

record . . . [Plaintiff] does not identify any further inquiries that the ALJ should have

made or indicate what further evidence was necessary for the ALJ to render a

decision on h[is] disability applications. [Plaintiff] lists pieces of medical evidence

in h[is] brief, yet []he does not explain how any of it prompted further investigation.

Hensley v. Kijakazi, No. 3:21-CV-00178, 2021 WL 5871542, at *13-14 (S.D. W. Va. Nov.

23, 2021), report and recommendation adopted, No. 3:21-cv-00178, 2021 WL 5867126 (S.D. W.

Va. Dec. 10, 2021); see also Jason L. v. O'Malley, No. 3:23-cv-00307, 2024 WL 1152405, at *11

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(S.D. W. Va. Feb. 29, 2024), report and recommendation adopted, No. 3:23-cv-00307, 2024 WL

1149282 (S.D. W. Va. Mar. 15, 2024) (quoting Hensley); see also, Ray H. v. Dudek, No. 3:24-cv-

00705, 2025 WL 1214556, at *9 (S.D.W. Va. Apr. 9, 2025), report and recommendation adopted

sub nom., 2025 WL 1210703 (S.D.W. Va. Apr. 25, 2025).

The undersigned also notes that this Circuit has long recognized that “there is no rigid

requirement that the ALJ specifically refer to every piece of evidence in his decision” Reid v.

Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 769 F.3d 861, 865 (4th Cir. 2014) (quoting Dyer v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 1206,

1211 (11th Cir. 2005) (per curiam)); see also Call v. Berryhill, No. 2:17-cv-02292, 2018 WL

4659342, *4 (S.D.W. Va. Sept. 28, 2018). To the extent that the Plaintiff complains that the ALJ

may not have specifically mentioned each of his alleged impairments7, he stated that he considered

all the evidence of record. (See Tr. at 17, 27 (“After careful consideration of all the evidence. . .”);

Tr. at 19, 24 (“After careful consideration of the entire record. . .”). Having so stated, this court

should “take [him] at [his] word.” Reid, 769 F.3d at 865 (“The Commissioner, through the ALJ

and Appeals Council, stated that the whole record was considered, and, absent evidence to the

contrary, we take her at her word.”); see also Hackett v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 1168, 1173 (10th Cir.

2005) (“[O]ur general practice, which we see no reason to depart from here, is to take a lower

tribunal at its word when it declares that it has considered a matter.”); Christina W. v. Saul, No.

4:19-cv-00028-PK, 2019 WL 6344269, *4 (D. Utah Nov. 27, 2019) (“Plaintiff further argues that

the ALJ erred in not explicitly discussing various pieces of evidence, particularly the fact that she

7 Though the Plaintiff does not identify or specify any one impairment that the ALJ failed to mention or consider, it

appears that the ALJ took great pains to mention each of the Plaintiff’s alleged impairments and considered the

symptoms related thereto and how they affected the Plaintiff’s overall functioning in her review of the medical and

other evidence of record in both the RFC assessment, and at prior steps in the sequential evaluation process.

22

is participating in a structured treatment program. While the ALJ must consider all the evidence,

she need not recite each piece of evidence she has considered. The ALJ stated that she carefully

considered the entire record and the Court can take her at her word.”). Moreover, despite the

Plaintiff’s listing the various diagnoses and symptoms related thereto in his brief, this is not the

litmus test for disability, as it is also well known that diagnoses alone do not establish disability,

because there must be a showing of related functional loss. See Gross v. Heckler, 785 F.2d 1163,

1166 (4th Cir. 1986) (per curiam) (internal citations omitted).

Nevertheless, despite the Plaintiff’s assertion otherwise, the ALJ considered the medical

evidence (and opinions) from the treating and examining sources of record. In addition, the ALJ

also expressly considered the Plaintiff’s and the vocational expert’s testimonies (see, e.g., Tr. at

23, 24, 25, 26, 30). Indeed, when asked by the ALJ at the beginning of the hearing if there was a

complete record in this case, the Plaintiff’s attorney responded in the affirmative. (Tr. at 42; see

also, Tr. at 17 (“The claimant submitted or informed the [ALJ] about all written evidence at least

five business days before the date of the claimant’s scheduled hearing (20 CFR 404.935(a) and

416.1435(a)).” In short, the Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate any paucity in the evidence that

would have warranted further development of the record.

Accordingly, the undersigned FINDS that the Plaintiff’s contention that the ALJ erred by

failing to develop the record is without merit.

Consideration of the Combined Effect of Impairments:

The Regulations provide:

In determining whether your physical or mental impairment or impairments are of

a sufficient medical severity that such impairment or impairments could be the basis

of eligibility under the law, we will consider the combined effect of all of your

23

impairments without regard to whether any such impairment, if considered

separately, would be of sufficient severity.

See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1523(c), 416.923(c). When confronted with a combination of impairments,

an adjudicator must not only acknowledge “the existence of the problems, but also the degree of

their severity, and whether, together, they impaired the claimant’s ability to engage in substantial

gainful activity.” Oppenheim v. Finch, 495 F.2d 396, 398 (4th Cir. 1974). The Fourth Circuit has

held that the ailments should not be fractionalized and considered in isolation, but considered in

combination to determine the impact on the ability of the claimant to engage in substantial gainful

activity. Id. In short, the ALJ must analyze the cumulative or synergistic effect that the various

impairments have on the Plaintiff’s ability to work. DeLoatche v. Heckler, 715 F.2d 148, 150 (4th

Cir. 1983).

“The Listing of Impairments . . . describes for each of the major body systems impairments

that we consider to be severe enough to prevent an individual from doing any gainful activity,

regardless of his or her age, education, or work experience.” See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1525(a),

416.925(a); Sullivan v. Zebley, 493 U.S. 521, 532 (1990). To qualify for benefits, the Plaintiff

must show that his combination of impairments is “equivalent” to a listed impairment, and he

“must present medical findings equal in severity to all the criteria for the one most similar listed

impairment.” See Id. at 531. A claimant must meet all, not just some, of the criteria for a listing

to apply. Id. at 530.

In a conclusory fashion, the Plaintiff asserts that the medical evidence confirms that the

combined effect of his severe physical and mental impairments renders him totally disabled. (ECF

No. 6 at 18) Again, as pointed out by the Commissioner, the Plaintiff does not specify which

24

impairment would individually warrant a disability finding, instead, he merely states that the ALJ

failed to consider the medical evidence from his “longtime treating physicians” (Id. at 18-19) –

this Court has rejected such arguments previously. See, Adkins v. Colvin, No. 3:14-27920, 2016

WL 854106, at *9 (S.D. W. Va. Feb. 11, 2016), report and recommendation adopted by 2016 WL

868342 (S.D. W. Va. Mar. 4, 2016) (affirming where the claimant failed to identify the listing he

allegedly met in combination); Raines v. Kijakazi, No. 3:21- 0045, 2021 WL 4258733, at *12 (S.D.

W. Va. Aug. 27, 2021), report and recommendation adopted by 2021 WL 4255625 (S.D. W. Va.

Sept. 17, 2021) (affirming where the claimant did not specify what evidence was “inadequately

fleshed out” in evaluating her impairments in combination, nor what evidence “specifically

supports” per se disability); Ray H., 2025 WL 1214556, at *11-13; Jason L., 2024 WL 1152405,

at *13-14 (rejecting the same argument regarding the Listing of Impairments).

As noted supra, at step three, the ALJ found that none of the Plaintiff’s severe impairments,

even their combined effects, met Listing requirements at the third step of the sequential evaluation

process (Tr. at 20-21): the ALJ observed that in reference to Listing 5.05 regarding the Plaintiff’s

Hepatitis C, the record of evidence did not support a finding that this impairment met the Listing

requirements; the ALJ noted the evidence of record did not support a finding that the Plaintiff’s

degenerative disc disease met the criteria under Listings 1.15 or 1.16; the Plaintiff’s carpal tunnel

syndrome, neuropathy, and bilateral ulnar neuropathy all failed to meet or medically equal Listing

11.14; and the Plaintiff’s headaches did not occur with the severity or frequency to satisfy the

requirements of any Listing, particularly 11.02. The ALJ referred to the relevant medical evidence

that supported these findings. (Tr. at 20-21, 596-604, 978, 979-994, 995-1010, 1019-1067, 1068-

1070, 1124-1138, 1139-1146, 1278-1287)

25

The ALJ also examined the evidence relating to the Plaintiff’s mental impairments, finding

that they too, failed to meet Listing requirements (Tr. at 21-22): while the ALJ determined the

evidence supported findings that the Plaintiff’s mental impairments caused moderate limitations

in the broad areas of functioning, including interacting with others, concentrating, persisting, or

maintaining pace, and adapting or managing oneself, the ALJ found he had no limitations in

understanding, remembering or applying information. The ALJ discussed the relevant medical and

other evidence of record that supported these findings, including treatment records, the

psychological evaluation, and the Plaintiff’s Function Report from December 2022 (Tr. at 21-22,

470-478, 1011-1018, 1243-1277).

To the extent that the Plaintiff takes issue with the ALJ’s evaluation of his subjective

complaints, it is noted that recently the Fourth Circuit held that “an ALJ has the obligation to

consider all relevant medical evidence and cannot simply cherrypick facts that support a finding

of nondisability while ignoring evidence that points to a disability finding.” See Arakas v. Comm’r,

Soc. Sec. Admin., 983 F.3d 83, 98 (4th Cir. 2020) (internal citations omitted). The Fourth Circuit

“reiterate[d] the long-standing law in our circuit that disability claimants are entitled to rely

exclusively on subjective evidence to prove the severity, persistence, and limiting effects of their

symptoms.” Id. It is important to recognize that in Arakas, the Court concluded that substantial

evidence did not support the ALJ’s finding that the claimant’s subjective complaints were

inconsistent with her daily activities because the overall record actually supported her subjective

complaints and demonstrated she would be unable to engage in substantial gainful activity. Id.

Another significant, if not critical, aspect of the Arakas holding is that the Court found the ALJ’s

analysis included misrepresentations or overinflation of the claimant’s abilities, to the exclusion

26

of that evidence which did not support such a conclusion. Id. Essentially, the Fourth Circuit has

once again cautioned against an ALJ’s analysis must not primarily rely upon the lack of objective

medical evidence as the reason for discounting a claimant’s complaints. As demonstrated by the

foregoing, this did not occur here: the ALJ did not select only those portions from the objective

medical evidence that failed to support the Plaintiff’s allegations of disabling impairments. The

ALJ also examined both aggravating and mitigating factors with respect to the Plaintiff’s

subjective complaints which included his testimony, his reports to providers, the objective medical

evidence, as well as the opinion evidence. The law does not require one to be pain-free or

experience no discomfort in order to be found not disabled. Hays v. Sullivan, 907 F.2d 1453, 1458

(4th Cir. 1996). In this case, the ALJ provided a thorough and adequate analysis of the Plaintiff’s

subjective complaints that complied with the pertinent Regulations and case law – it is notable that

the gravitas behind the ALJ’s evaluation of the Plaintiff’s subjective complaints was not over-

reliance on the objective medical record, but with the Plaintiff’s own inconsistent statements. (See,

e.g., Tr. at 20; “[The Plaintiff] further alleged disability due to chronic obstructive pulmonary

disorder. However, there was no diagnosis or treatment for this condition in the record. His lung

examinations were normal.”)

Clearly, the ALJ considered the medical evidence as well as the Plaintiff’s reported

symptomology from the period at issue. As discussed supra, the ALJ did consider this evidence in

making his third step determination (as well as the second step determination and in the subsequent

steps in the sequential evaluation process), thus, to the extent that the Plaintiff argues that the ALJ

failed to consider and evaluate the combined effects of his impairments, the undersigned FINDS

this argument lacks merit. Additionally, the undersigned FINDS that the ALJ’s subjective

27

symptoms analysis complied with the pertinent Regulations and controlling case law and is based

upon substantial evidence. The undersigned further FINDS the ALJ’s discussion of the objective

and other evidence of record in his evaluation of the Plaintiff’s statements regarding the intensity,

persistence, and limiting effects of his symptoms, and that the ALJ’s conclusion that the Plaintiff’s

statements were inconsistent with the evidence of record complied with the applicable law, is also

supported by substantial evidence.

Although the Plaintiff advocates for a different outcome, such are matters that involve

resolving the conflicting evidence of record, which is an evidentiary finding within the purview of

the ALJ. In short, though the Plaintiff may disagree with the ALJ’s determination that he is not

disabled, this Court cannot re-weigh this conflicting evidence or substitute its judgment for the

Commissioner’s. Craig v. Chater, 76 F.3d 585, 589 (4th Cir. 1996); see also, SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL

3741784, at *7. The ALJ’s narrative of the record included the objective medical evidence,

including imaging, and clinical examination findings, as well as the other evidence of record,

including but not limited to the Plaintiff’s own statements and testimony; the ALJ’s thorough

discussion of all this evidence, and her ultimate determination that the Plaintiff remained capable

of light work with certain restrictions during the period at issue despite his subjective complaints,

provided sufficient explanation allowing for meaningful judicial review. Mascio v. Colvin, 780

F.3d 632, 636 (4th Cir. 2015). This Court is not “left to guess about how the ALJ arrived at his

conclusions” therefore remand is not necessary. Id. at 637.

Accordingly, the undersigned FINDS that the Commissioner’s final decision determining

that the Plaintiff is not disabled from June 1, 2021 through the date of the decision is supported by

substantial evidence.

28

Recommendations for Disposition

For the reasons set forth above, it is hereby respectfully PROPOSED that the District

Court confirm and accept the foregoing findings and RECOMMENDED that the District Court

DENY the Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings (ECF No. 7), GRANT the

Commissioner’s request to affirm the decision below (ECF No. 8), AFFIRM the final decision,

and DISMISS this matter from this Court’s docket.

The parties are notified that this Proposed Findings and Recommendation is hereby

FILED, and a copy will be submitted to the Honorable Joseph R. Goodwin, United States District

Judge. Pursuant to the provisions of Title 28, United States Code, Section 636(b)(1)(B), and Rules

6(d) and 72(b), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the parties shall have fourteen days (filing of

objections) and then three days (mailing/service) from the date of filing this Proposed Findings

and Recommendation within which to file with the Clerk of this Court, specific written objections,

identifying the portions of the Proposed Findings and Recommendation to which objection is

made, and the basis of such objection. Extension of this time period may be granted for good cause

shown.

Failure to file written objections as set forth above shall constitute a waiver of de novo

review by the District Court and a waiver of appellate review by the Circuit Court of Appeals.

Snyder v. Ridenour, 889 F.2d 1363, 1366 (4th Cir. 1989); Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 155 106

S.Ct. 466, 475, 88 L.E.2d 435 (1985), reh’g denied, 474 U.S. 1111, 106 S.Ct. 899, 88 L.E.2d 933

(1986); Wright v. Collins, 766 F.2d 841 846 (4th Cir. 1985); United States v. Schronce, 727 F.2d

91, 94 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1208, 104 S.Ct. 2395, 81 L.E.2d 352 (1984). Copies of

29

such objections shall be served on opposing parties, District Judge Goodwin, and this Magistrate

Judge.

The Clerk of this Court is directed to file this Proposed Findings and Recommendation and

to send a copy of same to counsel of record.

ENTER: September 22, 2025.

ApIES DISTR,

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2 HH § Omar J. Aboulhosn

rw Ss United States Magistrate Judge

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TRICT OF

30