The opinion
[This opinion has been published in Ohio Official Reports at 70 Ohio St.3d 196.]
THE STATE EX REL. GILLIVAN v. OHIO BOARD OF TAX APPEALS ET AL.
[Cite as State ex rel. Gillivan v. Bd. of Tax Appeals, 1994-Ohio-510.]
Mandamus to compel Board of Tax Appeals to reinstate employee and payment of
back wages—Writ denied when adequate remedy by way of appeal exists.
(No. 92-1976—Submitted May 25, 1994—Decided September 7, 1994.)
IN MANDAMUS.
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{¶ 1} Relator, John Gillivan, seeks a writ of mandamus directed against
respondents, Ohio Board of Tax Appeals ("BTA") and Stephen Perry, Director of
the Ohio Department of Administrative Services ("DAS"), to compel (1) Gillivan's
reinstatement to the allegedly classified civil service position he formerly held at
BTA, and (2) back pay.
{¶ 2} Gillivan was formerly employed by BTA as an Administrative
Assistant 4, which he claims was a classified position. In July 1991, Perry advised
Gillivan by letter that his position had been "erroneously listed in the classified
service" and had been changed to unclassified. In August 1991, Gillivan was
discharged without notice or hearing. He timely appealed his discharge to the State
Personnel Board of Review ("SPBR"). Before a decision issued in his appeal,
Gillivan filed the instant action in this court.
{¶ 3} SPBR has since issued its decision, finding that Gillivan was not
performing duties in the classified service when he was discharged and dismissing
his appeal for lack of jurisdiction. SPBR determined that Gillivan had served in a
fiduciary relationship to principal executive officers and was thus exempt from the
classified service under R.C. 124.11(A)(9). Gillivan appealed SPBR's decision to
the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas pursuant to R.C. 119.12. The appeal,
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captioned Gillivan v. Ohio Bd. of Tax Appeals, case No. 93CVH-01-683, is
apparently still pending.
{¶ 4} SPBR adopted the report of its administrative law judge ("ALJ"), in
which he found the following facts:
"1. Appellant John Gillivan was initially hired as a part-time employee by
the Appellee Board of Tax Appeals in 1989 in an unclassified position. On April
9, 1990, he was hired by the Board as a full-time employee. On April 30, 1990, he
was promoted to an Administrative Assistant 4 position at an hourly rate
approximately twice as high as his original hourly rate.
"2. Mr. Gillivan's status was changed, at the request of the Board, in
January, 1991, to the classified service.
"3. In July, 1991, Mr. Gillivan's status was again changed, at the request of
the Board[,] to the unclassified status [sic, service].
"4. Mr. Gillivan was the sole person responsible to the Board and Executive
Secretary for the design, implementation, analysis, and reporting of the County
Auditor Liaison Program, or inter-governmental liaison program proposed by the
Board of Tax Appeals.
"5. Mr. Gillivan was responsible as the contact person with the Office of
Budget and Management and the Legislative Budget Office for the preparation and
development of the budget of the Board of Tax Appeals, following the decision by
the Board as to which direction they wished to go both policy-wise and budget-
wise.
"6. Mr. Gillivan served as one of two contact persons for the on-site auditor
during the audit of the Board conducted by the State Auditor.
"7. Mr. Gillivan was removed, without an R.C. 124.34 Order, by written
notice received August 7, 1991, and effective August 24, 1991."
{¶ 5} The ALJ also provided a comprehensive summary of the testimony
and exhibits submitted during the three-day hearing regarding Gillivan's discharge.
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January Term, 1994
Most of the ALJ's findings of fact are substantiated by evidence in this record,
including:
1. Randall W. Sweeney, who is presently BTA's vice-chairman and
formerly its chairman, testified that Gillivan was originally hired in 1989 as a part-
time unclassified employee to orchestrate BTA's move from one floor to another in
the Rhodes Tower. In April 1990, BTA hired Gillivan as a full-time Administrative
Assistant 2 in the unclassified service. Effective May 7, 1990, Gillivan was
promoted to Administrative Assistant 4 and, in January 1991, he was placed as a
provisional employee in the classified service.
2. Sue Pohler, BTA's executive director and Gillivan's superior since May
1991, testified that Gillivan's duties included visiting county auditors pursuant to
the "Inter-governmental Liaison Program." This program was intended to identify
and solve problems associated with processing property tax valuation cases, and
Gillivan was the only BTA employee involved. Gillivan was also intimately
involved with preparing BTA's proposed budget in accordance with its policy and
budgetary decisions. Moreover, Pohler testified that Gillivan was the primary
source of information and a principal contact during an audit of the board's budget
conducted in the first half of 1991. Kiehner Johnson, chairman of BTA since March
1991, confirmed this testimony.
3. Sweeney and Gillivan agreed that Gillivan performed as the liaison to
county auditors, handled preparation of the budget, and responded to inquiries
during the audit; they disagreed with Pohler's assessment of his authority. Gillivan
did not say that these projects were recently assigned by a new administration or
that they were not part of his regular duties.
4. Pohler believed that since Gillivan was involved in confidential and, in
effect, high-profile projects, he was serving in a fiduciary capacity to the board and
had been placed in the classified service erroneously. In July 1991, she asked DAS
to review Gillivan's position. DAS advised Gillivan of his unclassified status in
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July 1991. According to Pohler, Gillivan was discharged from BTA's employ on
August 7, 1991 pursuant to an "unclassified removal," i.e., without the protections
afforded by R.C. 124.34.
{¶ 6} In addition to challenging the exclusion by the ALJ of evidence of
claimed political motivation as irrelevant and inadmissible, Gillivan protests the
personnel action forms that returned the Administrative Assistant 4 position to the
unclassified service and documented his removal, charging that neither was
completed or approved until after his discharge. The personnel action form
changing his position to unclassified, in particular, purports to have retroactive
effect to the date the Administrative Assistant 4 position became classified.
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Michael A. Moses, for relator.
Lee Fisher, Attorney General, Elizabeth J. Birch and Laurel D. Blum,
Assistant Attorneys General, for respondents.
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Per Curiam.
{¶ 7} "The writ of mandamus must not be issued when there is a plain and
adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law," R.C. 2731.05, and Gillivan
attempts to establish this in his fourth proposition of law. In response, Perry and
BTA rely on State ex rel. Weiss v. Indus. Comm. (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 470, 605
N.E.2d 37, to argue that Gillivan has an adequate remedy and, therefore, cannot
show a condition necessary for the writ to issue. We find Weiss dispositive and,
therefore, do not reach Gillivan's remaining arguments.
{¶ 8} In Weiss, an allegedly classified civil servant sought a writ of
mandamus to compel her reinstatement and back pay. She had appealed several
separate, but essentially contemporaneous, job actions to the State Personnel Board
of Review ("SPBR"), including a change of her formerly classified status to
unclassified, a reduction of her job duties, and her discharge. The employee's
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January Term, 1994
"declassification," like Gillivan's, was purportedly accomplished pursuant to R.C.
124.11(A)(9) (employees in fiduciary positions exempt from classified service).
{¶ 9} SPBR singled out the declassification appeal in Weiss for dismissal,
finding that it had no jurisdiction to determine classified status by declaratory
judgment. 63 Ohio St.3d at 471-472, 605 N.E.2d at 38. SPBR then stayed
consideration of the reduction of duties and discharge claims pending appeal of the
dismissal. Id. at 472, 605 N.E.2d at 38. At the same time, however, SPBR
acknowledged its jurisdiction to determine classified status in connection with
adverse job actions. Id. at 471, 605 N.E.2d at 38. This conclusion follows Rarick
v. Geauga Cty. Bd. of Commrs. (1980), 63 Ohio St.2d 34, 36, 17 O.O.3d 21, 22,
406 N.E.2d 1101, 1103, and Yarosh v. Becane (1980), 63 Ohio St.2d 5, 17 O.O.3d
3, 406 N.E.2d 1355, paragraph two of the syllabus, which held:
"The State Personnel Board of Review has jurisdiction over appeals from
removals of public employees if it determines that such employees are in the
classified service, regardless of how they have been designated by their appointing
authorities."
{¶ 10} Although the employee in Weiss had already appealed SPBR's
jurisdictional ruling pursuant R.C. 119.12, she essentially argued that appeal was
inadequate because SPBR had no jurisdiction over declassifications not
accompanied by adverse job actions. We suggested that SPBR might have
consolidated the Weiss employee's claims in accordance with its conceded
jurisdiction. Weiss, supra, at 474, 605 N.E.2d at 40. However, since SPBR
jurisdiction was reviewable on appeal, the court held that an available and adequate
remedy precluded a writ of mandamus. Thus, Weiss stands for the principle that an
appeal is not inadequate just because it involves a jurisdictional dispute.
{¶ 11} Gillivan is also an allegedly classified public employee who
appealed his discharge following declassification to SPBR and then to common
pleas court. Although Weiss holds that mandamus cannot be used as a substitute
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for this administrative appeal procedure, Gillivan claims appeal is inadequate
because it is too time-consuming and expensive to pursue. This argument is
generally insufficient to justify a writ of mandamus. State ex rel. Willis v. Sheboy
(1983), 6 Ohio St.3d 167, 6 OBR 225, 451 N.E.2d 1200, paragraph one of the
syllabus, holds:
"Where a constitutional process of appeal has been legislatively provided,
the sole fact that pursuing such process would encompass more delay and
inconvenience than seeking a writ of mandamus is insufficient to prevent the
process from constituting a plain and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the
law. (State ex rel. Kronenberger-Fodor Co. v. Parma [1973], 34 Ohio St.2d 222
[63 O.O.2d 362, 297 N.E.2d 525], syllabus approved and followed." Accord State
ex rel. Casey Outdoor Advertising, Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (1991), 61 Ohio
St.3d 429, 432, 575 N.E.2d 181, 184.
{¶ 12} Gillivan also claims that appeal is inadequate because it provides no
opportunity to contest the bad faith with which he contends his discharge was
accomplished. He complains that SPBR's ALJ considered just one issue—whether
Gillivan performed duties characteristic of the classified or unclassified service
during the year or so that preceded his discharge. Gillivan maintains that evidence
of political motivation is also relevant and that the ALJ excluded such evidence
erroneously.
{¶ 13} Gillivan relies on Swepston v. Bd. of Tax Appeals (1993), 89 Ohio
App.3d 629, 626 N.E.2d 1006, motion to certify overruled (1993), 68 Ohio St.3d
1410, 623 N.E.2d 567, which recognized that bad faith or political motivation has
relevance in job abolishment claims. In Swepston, the Court of Appeals for
Franklin County reversed SPBR's affirmation of the job abolishment BTA imposed
on a Fiscal Officer 2, who was formerly under Gillivan's supervision. There,
however, the court relied on Ohio Adm. Code 124-7-01(A), under which job
abolishments and layoffs may be disaffirmed if bad faith is shown. Id. at 635, 62
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N.E.2d at 1010. Gillivan cites no similar provision that applies to discharges, such
as his allegedly from the classified service. Moreover, if evidence of bad faith and
political motivation was excluded erroneously, we see no reason why the error is
not reviewable on appeal, which appeal Weiss holds is an adequate remedy.
{¶ 14} Most of Gillivan's other authority is distinguished in Weiss. For
example, he cites State ex rel. Miller v. Witter (1926), 114 Ohio St. 122, 150 N.E.
431, Toledo v. Osborn (1926), 23 Ohio App. 62, 155 N.E. 250, and State ex rel.
Click v. Thormyer (1958), 105 Ohio App. 479, 6 O.O.2d 220, 151 N.E.2d 246, to
show that mandamus is a means by which a public employee may recover a
classified position. No adequate remedy was available in those cases because the
contested job actions—abolishments—were not even arguably appealable under
the civil service laws. In contrast, authority for SPBR to hear the Weiss employee's
claim—the essence of which was her discharge from a position her employer
considered unclassified—was established in Rarick, supra, and the syllabus of
Yarosh, supra. Weiss, 65 Ohio St.3d at 474-475, 605 N.E.2d at 40-41. Similarly,
Gillivan's complaint here is that he was removed from a position BTA had
designated as unclassified, again a job action that Rarick and Yarosh permit the
SPBR to hear.
{¶ 15} Accordingly, the writ of mandamus is denied due to the availability
of appeal.
Writ denied.
FARMER, NAHRA, CLOSE, FORD and PFEIFER, JJ., concur.
RESNICK, Acting C.J., and F.E. SWEENEY, J., dissent.
SHEILA G. FARMER, J., of the Fifth Appellate District, sitting for MOYER,
C.J.
JOSEPH J. NAHRA, J., of the Eighth Appellate District, sitting for A.W.
SWEENEY, J.
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MICHAEL L. CLOSE, J., of the Tenth Appellate District, sitting for DOUGLAS,
J.
DONALD R. FORD, J., of the Eleventh Appellate District, sitting for WRIGHT,
J.
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FRANCIS E. SWEENEY, SR., J., dissenting.
{¶ 16} I would grant relator's request for a writ of mandamus for the reasons
stated in Justice Resnick's dissenting opinion in State ex rel. Weiss v. Indus. Comm.
(1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 470, 477, 605 N.E.2d 37, 42. Because relator is challenging
only his removal from the classified service and the issue of back pay, R.C.
124.03(A) confers no jurisdiction on the State Personnel Board of Review to rule
on the matter. Therefore, relator does not have an adequate remedy at law by way
of appeal. Mandamus is his only remedy. Moreover, because relator has set forth
facts to establish that he is entitled to respondents' performance of a clear legal duty,
the writ of mandamus should issue.
RESNICK, Acting C.J., concurs in the foregoing dissenting opinion.
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