State ex rel. Elmore v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Elections

[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as State

ex rel. Elmore v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Elections, Slip Opinion No. 2025-Ohio-2585.]

NOTICE

This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in an advance

sheet of the Ohio Official Reports. Readers are requested to promptly notify the

Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of Ohio, 65 South Front Street, Columbus,

Ohio 43215, of any typographical or other formal errors in the opinion, in order that

corrections may be made before the opinion is published.

Slip Opinion No. 2025-Ohio-2585

THE STATE EX REL. ELMORE ET AL. v. FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF

ELECTIONS ET AL.

[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it

may be cited as State ex rel. Elmore v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Elections,

Slip Opinion No. 2025-Ohio-2585.]

Prohibition—Elections—City-charter provision requiring that city-council

candidates have resided in their respective wards “for at least two years

next preceding their election” refers to the two years immediately preceding

election at issue and applies to both ward and at-large candidates—County

board of elections’ denial of relator’s protest against candidacy was

unauthorized by law—Writ granted.

(No. 2025-0369—Submitted June 24, 2025—Decided July 23, 2025.)

IN PROHIBITION.

_________________

The per curiam opinion below was joined by KENNEDY, C.J., and DEWINE,

BRUNNER, DETERS, HAWKINS, and SHANAHAN, JJ. FISCHER, J., concurred in

judgment only.

SUPREME COURT OF OHIO

Per Curiam.

{¶ 1} This is an election case concerning respondent Franklin County Board

of Elections’ certification of respondent Holly Stein’s name for placement on the

November 4, 2025 general-election ballot as a candidate for the Ward 4 seat on the

Whitehall City Council. Relators, Lori Elmore and the City of Whitehall, contend

that the board erred in certifying Stein’s name because, they say, she does not meet

the two-year residency requirement found in Section 3(a) of the Whitehall Charter.

As relief, relators request a writ of prohibition to prevent the board from placing

Stein’s name on the ballot. We grant the writ.

I. BACKGROUND

{¶ 2} Whitehall is a municipal corporation located within Franklin County

and is governed by a charter. Section 3(a) of the charter provides that “Council

members for wards shall have resided in their respective wards and Council

members at large shall have resided in the City for at least two years next preceding

their election.” Whitehall Charter, § 3(a).

{¶ 3} In January 2025, Stein filed with the board a declaration of candidacy

and a petition seeking nomination to represent Ward 4 on the Whitehall City

Council. The board later certified Stein’s name for placement on the November 4,

2025 general-election ballot. Elmore currently serves as an at-large member of the

Whitehall City Council and is a qualified Whitehall elector.

{¶ 4} In February 2025, Elmore filed a protest against Stein’s candidacy,

and the board held a hearing on Elmore’s protest in March. At the hearing, Elmore

contended that the board should disqualify Stein from the ballot because she did

not meet Section 3(a)’s two-year residency requirement. Elmore interpreted

Section 3(a) as requiring ward candidates to have lived in their respective wards for

the two years prior to the election at issue, meaning that for purposes of the

November 4, 2025 general election, Stein must have lived in Ward 4 since

November 4, 2023. In support of her claim that Stein did not meet this requirement,

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January Term, 2025

Elmore pointed to, among other things, Stein’s voting records. Elmore deduced

from these records that Stein resided in Licking County—and thus outside Ward 4

and Whitehall—throughout 2023.

{¶ 5} Stein appeared at the protest hearing, admitted that she lived in

Licking County throughout 2023, and argued that she should nonetheless remain a

Ward 4 candidate for the Whitehall City Council. Stein maintained that under this

court’s decision in State ex rel. Rocco v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Elections, 2017-

Ohio-4466, the Whitehall Charter required only that she have resided in Ward 4 for

any two-year period preceding the election. Because she lived in Ward 4 from 2019

until 2022, she asserted, her candidacy complied with Section 3(a)’s two-year

residency requirement. Alternatively, based on principles of grammar, she argued

that the requirement applied only to at-large candidates and that ward candidates

need only show that they resided in their ward at any preceding time. Stein argued

that because she resided in her ward before the November 4, 2025 general election,

her candidacy complied with Section 3(a) of the Whitehall Charter.

{¶ 6} At the conclusion of the hearing, the board denied Elmore’s protest.

{¶ 7} Relators then filed this original action seeking a writ of prohibition to

prevent the board from placing Stein’s name on the ballot or, alternatively, a writ

of mandamus ordering the board to grant Elmore’s protest against Stein’s

candidacy. We denied relators’ motion to expedite the case. 2025-Ohio-1090.

After respondents each filed a motion to dismiss the action, we granted the motions

as to relators’ mandamus claim, denied the motions as to the prohibition claim, sua

sponte ordered respondents to answer the complaint as to the prohibition claim, and

sua sponte granted an alternative writ of prohibition, scheduling the submission of

evidence and briefs. 2025-Ohio-1757.

{¶ 8} The case is ripe for our decision on relators’ prohibition claim.

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II. ANALYSIS

{¶ 9} To be entitled to a writ of prohibition, relators must show that (1) the

board has exercised quasi-judicial power, (2) the exercise of that power was

unauthorized by law, and (3) denying the writ would result in injury for which no

adequate remedy exists in the ordinary course of the law. State ex rel. Elder v.

Camplese, 2015-Ohio-3628, ¶ 13. This court has observed that after a board of

elections exercises its quasi-judicial power by denying a protest, relief in

prohibition is available to prevent the placement of a name or issue on a ballot

provided that the election has not yet been held. See, e.g., Tatman v. Fairfield Cty.

Bd. of Elections, 2004-Ohio-3701, ¶ 14.

{¶ 10} There is no dispute that the board exercised quasi-judicial power by

denying Elmore’s protest against Stein’s candidacy. Nor is there a dispute that

relators lack an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law due to the

proximity of the November 4 election. Still more, the parties do not dispute the

relevant facts. What remains to be decided, then, is a purely legal question

concerning the meaning of Section 3(a) of the Whitehall Charter.

A. Rocco’s dueling opinions and the meaning of “next preceding”

{¶ 11} Relators argue that under Section 3(a) of the Whitehall Charter, a

ward candidate for city council must have lived in her respective ward for at least

the two years immediately before the election at issue. Because Stein indisputably

did not live in Ward 4 during any part of 2023, they maintain, she should not have

been certified for placement on the November 4, 2025 general-election ballot as a

Ward 4 candidate.

{¶ 12} Relators insist that their understanding of Section 3(a) is borne out

by its plain meaning, thereby obviating the need for interpretation. They correctly

observe that when this court construes a city charter, general rules of statutory

interpretation apply. See State ex rel. Miller v. Hamilton Cty. Bd. of Elections,

2021-Ohio-831, ¶ 33. Thus, because the Whitehall Charter conveys an

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January Term, 2025

unambiguous meaning, the argument runs, the charter must be applied rather than

interpreted. See Pelletier v. Campbell, 2018-Ohio-2121, ¶ 14. But although

relators start their argument with an appeal to plain meaning, they immediately

pivot to parsing Section 3(a)’s use of the phrase “next preceding” against the

backdrop of how that phrase was understood by members of this court in Rocco,

2017-Ohio-4466. In relators’ view, Justice DeWine’s dissenting opinion in that

case advanced the correct understanding of the phrase—i.e., that “next preceding”

should be understood as being synonymous with “immediately preceding.”

{¶ 13} For their part, respondents urge us to follow the lead opinion in

Rocco, under which the phrases “next preceding” and “immediately preceding”

should be understood as having different meanings. Under respondents’ view of

Section 3(a), Stein need only have lived in Ward 4 for any two-year period

preceding the upcoming election, not the period immediately preceding the

election. Respondents emphasize that under Section 23(a) of the Whitehall Charter,

mayoral candidates “shall have been residents of the City for three years

immediately prior to the regular municipal election at which they seek election.”

(Emphasis added.) Respondents maintain that had the charter’s drafters intended

for Section 3(a) to mean what relators say it means, then the drafters would have

used the same language for ward candidates that they used for mayoral candidates.

{¶ 14} Because Rocco looms large in this case, we begin our analysis by

discussing that case. At issue there was whether Andrea Rocco should appear on

the ballot as a candidate for the City of Westlake’s law director. The Westlake

Charter provided that

“[t]he Director of Law shall be a qualified elector at the time of his

election, shall have been a resident of the City for at least eighteen

(18) months immediately preceding his election, an attorney at law

duly admitted to the practice of law before the courts of the State of

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Ohio, and been engaged in the active practice of law in Ohio for a

period of six (6) years next preceding his election.”

(Emphasis added in Rocco.) Rocco at ¶ 8 (lead opinion), quoting Westlake Charter,

art. IV, § 4.

{¶ 15} Multiple protests were brought against Rocco’s candidacy, arguing

that because she had not practiced law for the six years immediately preceding the

upcoming election, her candidacy was defective. The Cuyahoga County Board of

Elections sustained the protests, and Rocco then brought an original action in this

court, seeking a writ of mandamus ordering the board to place her name on the

ballot.

{¶ 16} Four separate opinions resulted. Although a majority of the court

voted to grant the writ, the majority could not agree on a rationale. The lead

opinion, authored by former Justice O’Donnell and joined by former Justice French,

determined that the Westlake Charter required only that candidates for law director

have been engaged in the active practice of law for any period of six years preceding

the election at issue. Id., 2017-Ohio-4466, at ¶ 2. Former Justice O’Neill concurred

in judgment only and authored an opinion addressing a separate issue that has no

bearing on this case. See id. at ¶ 23-24 (O’Neill, J., concurring in judgment only).

Justice Fischer concurred in judgment only without an opinion. Former Chief

Justice O’Connor dissented, opining that the charter required law-director

candidates to have been engaged in the active practice of law during the six-year

period immediately preceding the election. Id. at ¶ 35 (O’Connor, C.J., dissenting).

And Justice DeWine authored a dissent joined by then-Justice Kennedy, expressing

a view similar to the one advanced by former Chief Justice O’Connor. See id. at

¶ 52 (DeWine, J., dissenting).

{¶ 17} In support of the court’s judgment granting the writ, the lead opinion

explained that whereas the Westlake Charter uses the phrase “next preceding” in

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January Term, 2025

prescribing the practice-of-law requirement, it uses the phrase “immediately

preceding” in prescribing the residency requirement. Reasoning that the difference

in wording must have been meant to convey a difference in meaning, the lead

opinion inferred that the phrase “next preceding” meant something different from

the phrase “immediately preceding,” especially because the two phrases appeared

in “close proximity” to each other. Id. at ¶ 16. As the lead opinion put it, had the

charter’s drafters intended to require candidates to have been engaged in the active

practice of law during the six-year period immediately preceding the election at

issue, they would have used wording to that effect, “[b]ut they did not do so.” Id.

The lead opinion also emphasized that under the charter, candidates had to have

practiced law for “a period of six (6) years” rather than “the period of six (6) years.”

(Emphasis added in Rocco.) Id. at ¶ 13, quoting Westlake Charter, art. IV, § 4.

Because “a” is an indefinite article conveying the sense of “any,” the lead opinion

reasoned, the charter required only that candidates have been engaged in the

practice of law for any six-year period preceding the election. See id. Last, the

lead opinion invoked the policy principle that doubts should be resolved in favor of

those seeking office to enable the public to have the benefit of choice among all

qualified persons. Id. at ¶ 18.

{¶ 18} The dissenters countered that the lead opinion’s approach sapped the

phrase “next preceding” of its ordinary meaning. They pointed out that under

several lexical sources, there was no linguistic daylight between “next preceding”

and “immediately preceding.” Id. at ¶ 28 (O’Connor, C.J., dissenting); id. at ¶ 38

(DeWine, J., dissenting). As discussed below, they also observed that the Revised

Code contains numerous instances in which it makes sense to construe “next

preceding” as synonymous with “immediately preceding.” Id. at ¶ 30-32

(O’Connor, C.J., dissenting); id. at ¶ 39-40 (DeWine, J., dissenting). And they also

saw a sensible policy reflected in their construction of the charter—namely, that the

voters would be better served by a candidate currently engaged in the practice of

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law than by one whose practice had lain dormant. Id. at ¶ 33 (O’Connor, C.J.,

dissenting); id. at ¶ 51 (DeWine, J., dissenting).

{¶ 19} The above discussion of Rocco raises the question whether we

should follow the lead opinion’s analysis or the dissenters’.1 A plurality opinion

does not constitute binding authority, but a court may rely on a plurality opinion if

it finds the opinion to be persuasive. NASCAR Holdings, Inc. v. Testa, 2017-Ohio-

9118, ¶ 18. For the reasons explained below, we decline to follow the Rocco lead

opinion here.

{¶ 20} As noted above, general rules of statutory interpretation apply in

discerning the meaning of a city charter. Miller, 2021-Ohio-831, at ¶ 33. Foremost

among these rules is that “‘[t]he words of a governing text are of paramount

concern, and what they convey, in their context, is what the text means.’ ” State v.

Reed, 2020-Ohio-4255, ¶ 17, quoting Scalia and Garner, Reading Law: The

Interpretation of Legal Texts, 56 (2012). In the absence of a legislative definition

or technical meaning, it is proper to use dictionaries to discern a word’s plain and

ordinary meaning. See Rancho Cincinnati Rivers, L.L.C. v. Warren Cty. Bd. of

Revision, 2021-Ohio-2798, ¶ 21; see also Athens v. McClain, 2020-Ohio-5146, ¶ 30

(“In determining the ‘common and ordinary meaning’ of words, courts may look to

dictionaries.”); State v. Wells, 2001-Ohio-3, ¶ 8 (“To determine the common,

everyday meaning of a word, we have consistently used dictionary definitions.”).

{¶ 21} The lead opinion in Rocco strayed from these principles. As the

dissenters noted, the lead opinion did not even try to discover the plain and ordinary

meaning of the words “next” and “immediately.” Rocco, 2017-Ohio-4466, at ¶ 27

(O’Connor, C.J., dissenting); id. at ¶ 43 (DeWine, J., dissenting). Rather, the lead

opinion inferred that because the Westlake Charter used the phrases “immediately

1. Although the Rocco lead opinion was followed in State ex rel. Nasal v. Miami Cty. Bd. of

Elections, 2021-Ohio-2993, ¶ 10, and State ex rel. Emhoff v. Medina Cty. Bd. of Elections, 2018-

Ohio-1660, ¶ 20, Nasal was a plurality decision and Emhoff relied on Rocco’s practice-of-law

analysis, which is not an issue in this case.

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January Term, 2025

preceding” and “next preceding” in close proximity to each other, the phrases must

have different meanings. Before drawing this inference, however, the lead opinion

should have first consulted proper lexical sources to determine the meaning of

“next” and “immediately.” See Rancho at ¶ 21. Doing so establishes that “next”

and “immediately” are synonymous, as the dissenters carefully demonstrated.

{¶ 22} One source cited by the dissenters defined “next” as “immediately

preceding.” Id. at ¶ 28 (O’Connor, C.J., dissenting); id. at ¶ 38 (DeWine, J.,

dissenting), citing Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (2002). Another

defined “next” as “[n]earest; closest; immediately following.” (Emphasis in

original.) Id. at ¶ 28 (O’Connor, C.J., dissenting), citing Black’s Law Dictionary

(6th Ed. 1990). And a thesaurus identified “immediately” and “next” as synonyms

of “nearest.” Id., citing Roget’s International Thesaurus (4th Ed. 1977). What is

more, as Justice DeWine observed, decisions by Ohio courts pointed in the same

direction, deeming “next preceding” as synonymous with “immediately

preceding.” Id. at ¶ 41 (DeWine, J., dissenting), citing Cincinnati v. Kirk, 20 Ohio

App. 452, 453 (1st Dist. 1925), and Mansfield v. Hunt, 10 Ohio C.D. 567, 569, 1900

WL 1068 (5th Dist. 1900). The lead opinion failed to furnish any lexical authorities

or decisions by Ohio courts cutting the other way. See id. at ¶ 14-18 (lead opinion).

{¶ 23} Citing several examples, the dissenters also showed that the Revised

Code uses “next preceding” synonymously with “immediately preceding.”

Consider two. First, Chief Justice O’Connor cited a statute requiring prior notice

of public auctions of personal property by either or both of two methods: (1) by

placing notice of the sale in a “‘newspaper of general circulation in the county

during a period of fifteen days next preceding the sale’ ” and/or (2) by posting an

advertisement in five public places where the sale would take place “‘not less than

fifteen days next preceding the sale.’ ” Id. at ¶ 30 (O’Connor, C.J., dissenting),

quoting R.C. 2113.41(A). In either event, the property had to be sold “‘at a fixed

price or for the best price obtainable.’ ” Id., quoting R.C. 2113.40. As Chief Justice

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O’Connor observed, under the lead opinion’s interpretation of “next preceding,”

notice of the auction could be provided years in advance. But that outcome would

plainly frustrate the statute’s goal of ensuring attendance at the auction and

concomitantly drive down the auction prices.

{¶ 24} A second example of the Revised Code’s use of “next preceding”

synonymously with “immediately preceding” can be found in Justice DeWine’s

Rocco dissent, which cites a statute concerning watershed-district budgets. He

noted that the statute’s third paragraph requires certification of an annual budget to

the county commissioners and that its fourth paragraph directs the county

commissioners to perform specified duties “‘[u]pon receipt of the certification

under the next preceding paragraph of this section.’ ” Id., 2017-Ohio-4466, at ¶ 40

(DeWine, J., dissenting), quoting R.C. 6105.08. Reading the two paragraphs

together, Justice DeWine explained, “[t]he fourth paragraph makes sense only if

‘the next preceding paragraph’ is the third paragraph, i.e., the immediately

preceding paragraph.” Id.

{¶ 25} Unlike the dissents, the lead opinion in Rocco offers no examples

from the Revised Code to support its interpretation of the Westlake Charter

provision at issue. See id. at ¶ 14-18 (lead opinion).

{¶ 26} The above discussion establishes that “immediately preceding” and

“next preceding” are synonyms, and it undercuts the view expressed in the Rocco

lead opinion that the phrases must have different meanings based on the canon

known as the presumption of consistent usage. That canon provides that “a material

variation in terms suggests a variation in meaning.” (Boldface deleted.) Reading

Law at 170. But although this court has invoked the canon in numerous decisions,

see, e.g., Metro. Secs. Co. v. Warren State Bank, 117 Ohio St. 69, 76 (1927); Obetz

v. McClain, 2021-Ohio-1706, ¶ 21, it is not ironclad. As Justice DeWine pointed

out, the canon has been frowned on by no less than the late Justice Joseph Story of

the United States Supreme Court. Rocco at ¶ 46 (DeWine, J., dissenting) (noting

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January Term, 2025

the criticism that the canon assumes an unrealistic level of perfection in legal

drafting). As with most canons, the presumption of consistent usage makes sense

when applied “pragmatically” but may be overcome “by context.” Reading Law at

171. For the reasons given in the dissenting opinions of Chief Justice O’Connor

and Justice DeWine, context should have trumped the presumption in Rocco.

{¶ 27} Applying the logic of the Rocco dissenters here, we conclude that

Section 3(a) of the Whitehall Charter requires that ward candidates for the

Whitehall City Council have resided in their respective wards for at least the two

years immediately preceding the election at issue. The fact that Section 23(a) of

the charter specifies that mayoral candidates “shall have been residents of the City

for three years immediately prior to the regular municipal election at which they

seek election” does not, as respondents argue, require a different result. (Emphasis

added.) Respondents’ view is that had the drafters of the charter intended to require

ward candidates to have been residents of their respective wards for a period of time

immediately prior to the election, as the charter provides with respect to mayoral

candidates, the drafters would have used wording to that effect. But that argument,

which appeals to the presumption of consistent usage, fails for all the reasons

explained above. Moreover, unlike in Rocco, (1) the two competing phrases here

are not in close proximity to each other and (2) Section 3(a) does not place the

indefinite article “a” directly before the phrase “next preceding.” Thus, even if we

considered the lead opinion in Rocco persuasive, the difference between the

structure of the charter at issue in that case and the structure of the charter at issue

here would counsel against reliance on that opinion in this case.

{¶ 28} The fact that we do not apply the presumption of consistent usage in

this case does not mean that it may never be invoked in a future case. Rather, as

the dissenters in Rocco explained, there will be some cases—like this one—in

which the canon should be set aside. Indeed, because “[n]o canon of interpretation

is absolute,” the force of a canon in any particular case “may be overcome by the

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strength of differing principles that point in other directions.” (Boldface deleted.)

Reading Law at 59.

{¶ 29} In the end, it is plain to us that the board’s denial of Elmore’s protest

was unauthorized by law because it failed to give proper effect to Section 3(a) of

the Whitehall Charter. Because Section 3(a)’s use of the phrase “next preceding”

means “immediately preceding,” we conclude that Stein had to have resided in

Ward 4 for at least the two years immediately preceding the November 4, 2025

general election. Because Stein does not meet this requirement, she cannot appear

on the general-election ballot.

B. Determining to whom the two-year residency requirement applies

{¶ 30} Stein alone advances a more ambitious argument as to why we

should deny the writ. In her view, the two-year residency requirement of Section

3(a) of the Whitehall Charter does not apply to her at all; rather, she says that the

requirement applies only to candidates running to be at-large members of the city

council. According to Stein, the requirement does not apply to ward candidates,

because of the “and” that separates the reference to ward candidates from the

reference to at-large candidates. By this logic, Stein need only have resided in

Ward 4 at some point in time for any period—say, a day—to qualify as a Ward 4

candidate. Because the parties do not dispute that Stein has previously resided in

Ward 4, adopting her argument would mean that her name should remain certified

for placement on the ballot.

{¶ 31} Although courts use rules of grammar to determine the meaning of

legal texts, see Stiner v. Amazon, Inc., 2020-Ohio-4632, ¶ 14, Stein fails to identify

a grammar principle that we could apply here to help determine whether, as she

says, the residency requirement modifies only the clause applicable to at-large

candidates. Instructive here is the series-qualifier canon, which provides that

“[w]hen there is a straightforward, parallel construction that involves all nouns or

verbs in a series, a prepositive or postpositive modifier normally applies to the

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entire series” (boldface deleted), Reading Law at 147. The Reading Law treatise

offers an illustration of this canon, explaining that the phrase “[i]nstitutions or

societies that are charitable in nature” (italics deleted) should be understood as

meaning that “the institutions as well as the societies must be charitable.” Id. at

148 (calling this an example of a “postpositive modifier” because the qualifying

phrase is “positioned after” what it modifies). Providing a second illustration, the

treatise says that a qualifying phrase should not carry over when a “determiner (a,

the, some, etc.) [is] repeated before the second element.” (Italics in original.) Id.

Thus, the phrase “[t]he charitable institutions or the societies” (italics deleted)

should be understood as meaning “that the societies need not be charitable” due to

the presence of the second “the.” Id.

{¶ 32} In this case, Section 3(a)’s constructions are parallel and there is no

determiner before the second element, thus suggesting that the two-year residency

requirement applies both to ward candidates and to at-large candidates. We

recognize that Section 3(a) arguably does not fit neatly within the canon’s technical

definition, because the constructions at issue here are wordier than the examples in

the treatise and are not strictly composed of either all nouns or verbs in a series.

But another example, aided by a dose of pragmatism, helps explain why the

underlying logic of the canon should nonetheless apply here.

{¶ 33} Suppose a school administrator were to say: “Middle-school

students scheduled to participate in today’s noon spelling bee shall announce their

answers at the microphone in room 101 and elementary-school students scheduled

to participate in today’s noon spelling bee shall announce their answers at the

microphone in room 102 without the aid of a dictionary.” It makes no sense to

think that the middle-school students are permitted to announce their answers by

reading from a dictionary but that the elementary-school students are not. By

similar logic, it makes no sense to think that Section 3(a) permits interloping ward

candidates but forbids interloping at-large candidates. Plainly, both types of

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candidates are expected to be responsive to their constituents and attuned to their

interests, and the two-year residency requirement promotes that goal.

{¶ 34} In sum, we conclude that the two-year residency requirement of

Section 3(a) of the Whitehall Charter applies both to ward candidates and to at-

large candidates for the Whitehall City Council.

III. CONCLUSION

{¶ 35} Because Stein’s candidacy does not comply with Section 3(a) of the

Whitehall Charter, we grant a writ of prohibition preventing the board from placing

her name on the November 4, 2025 general-election ballot.

Writ granted.

_________________

McTigue & Colombo, L.L.C., J. Corey Colombo, Donald J. McTigue, and

Helen G. Lohre, for relators.

Shayla D. Favor, Franklin County Prosecuting Attorney, and Brian D.

Zagrocki, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for respondent Franklin County Board

of Elections.

Taft, Stettinius & Hollister, L.L.P., Marc J. Kessler, and Jonathan N.

Olivito, for respondent Holly Stein.

___________________

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