“[E]xhaustion of state remedies requires that 17 petitioners ‘fairly presen(t)’ federal claims to the state courts in order to give the State the 18 ‘opportunity to pass upon and correct’ alleged violations of its prisoners’ federal rights.”
How later courts described this case
- “[E]xhaustion of state remedies requires that 17 petitioners ‘fairly presen(t)’ federal claims to the state courts in order to give the State the 18 ‘opportunity to pass upon and correct’ alleged violations of its prisoners’ federal rights.”
- holding that “an application is 23 ‘properly filed’ when its delivery and acceptance [by the appropriate court officer for 24 placement into the record] are in compliance with the applicable laws and rules governing 25 filings.”
- “Once a 3 district court determines that a habeas petition contains only unexhausted claims, it need 4 not inquire further into the petitioner’s intentions. Instead, it may simply dismiss the 5 habeas petition for failure to exhaust.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11 LEE WILLIS BENDER, Case No.: 25-cv-1747 CAB (VET)
12 Petitioner,
ORDER:
13 v.
(1) DISMISSING PETITION WITHOUT
14 THE PEOPLE OF STATE OF
PREJUDICE
CALIFORNIA,
15
Respondent. (2) DENYING MOTION TO FILE
16
RECORDS UNDER SEAL WITHOUT
17 PREJUDICE AS MOOT AND
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(3) STRIKING EXHIBIT A
19
[Doc. No. 2]
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On June 13, 2025, Petitioner, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, filed a Petition for
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Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 in the Central District of California
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along with a motion to file records under seal. [Doc. Nos. 1-2.] After providing notice to
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Petitioner that he had not paid the filing fee nor requested to proceed in forma pauperis,
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[see Doc. No. 3], on July 7, 2025, the instant case was transferred to this district. [Doc.
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Nos. 5-7.] For the reasons discussed below, the Court DISMISSES the Petition without
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1 prejudice, DENIES the motion to file records under seal without prejudice and STRIKES
2 Exhibit A from the electronic docket with instructions below in the event Petitioner seeks
3 to resubmit any documents for filing under seal.
4 FAILURE TO SATISFY FILING FEE REQUIREMENT
5 Petitioner has failed to pay the $5.00 filing fee and has failed to move to proceed in
6 forma pauperis.1 The Court cannot proceed until Petitioner has either paid the $5.00 filing
7 fee or qualified to proceed in forma pauperis. See R. 3(a), Rules Governing Section 2254
8 Cases (2019).
9 FAILURE TO NAME A PROPER RESPONDENT
10 Petitioner has also failed to name a proper respondent. On federal habeas, a state
11 prisoner must name the state officer having custody of him as the respondent. Ortiz-
12 Sandoval v. Gomez, 81 F.3d 891, 894 (9th Cir. 1996), citing R. 2(a), Rules Governing
13 Section 2254 Cases (2019). Federal courts lack personal jurisdiction when a habeas
14 petition fails to name a proper respondent. See id.
15 The warden is the typical respondent. However, “the rules following section 2254
16 do not specify the warden.” Id. “[T]he ‘state officer having custody’ may be ‘either the
17 warden of the institution in which the petitioner is incarcerated . . . or the chief officer in
18 charge of state penal institutions.’” Id., quoting R. 2(a), Rules Governing Section 2254
19 Cases (2019), 28 U.S.C. foll. § 2254 advisory committee’s note. Here, Petitioner has
20 named “The People of State of California” as Respondent. [See Doc. No. 1 at 1.] In order
21 for this Court to entertain the Petition, Petitioner must name the Warden in charge of the
22 state correctional facility in which he is presently confined or the Director of the California
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25 1 The Court recognizes that the Central District previously informed Petitioner of the filing
fee requirement and instructed Petitioner in a June 20, 2025 letter that his failure to respond
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within 30 days of the letter’s date may result in dismissal. [See Doc. No. 3.] To date, no
27 response has been docketed. Regardless of that previously imposed deadline, the Court
finds the instant case also warrants dismissal for reasons independent of the filing fee
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1 Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Brittingham v. United States, 982 F.2d 378,
2 379 (9th Cir. 1992) (per curiam). Accordingly, the instant Petition is also subject to
3 dismissal for failure to name a proper Respondent.
4 FAILURE TO EXHAUST STATE COURT REMEDIES
5 Upon review, it also does not appear state court remedies have been exhausted as to
6 either of the two enumerated claims in the Petition. Habeas petitioners who wish to
7 challenge either their state court conviction or the length of their confinement in state
8 prison must first exhaust state judicial remedies. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b), (c); Granberry
9 v. Greer, 481 U.S. 129, 133-34 (1987); see also Picard v. Connor, 404 U.S. 270, 275 (1971)
10 (“[A] state prisoner must normally exhaust available state judicial remedies before a federal
11 court will entertain his petition for habeas corpus.”) “A petitioner has satisfied the
12 exhaustion requirement if: (1) he has ‘fairly presented’ his federal claim to the highest state
13 court with jurisdiction to consider it,” which in this case is the California Supreme Court,
14 “or (2) he demonstrates that no state remedy remains available.” Johnson v. Zenon, 88
15 F.3d 828, 829 (9th Cir. 1996) (citations omitted); see also O’Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S.
16 838, 845 (1999) (“[S]tate prisoners must give the state courts one full opportunity to resolve
17 any constitutional issues by invoking one complete round of the State’s established
18 appellate review process.”)
19 Additionally, the claims presented in the federal courts must be the same as those
20 exhausted in state court and must also allege, in state court, how one or more of his federal
21 rights have been violated. See Picard, 404 U.S. at 276 (“Only if the state courts have had
22 the first opportunity to hear the claim sought to be vindicated in a federal habeas proceeding
23 does it make sense to speak of the exhaustion of state remedies. Accordingly, we have
24 required a state prisoner to present the state courts with the same claim he urges upon the
25 federal courts.”); see also Duncan v. Henry, 513 U.S. 364, 365-66 (1995) (“If state courts
26 are to be given the opportunity to correct alleged violations of prisoners’ federal rights,
27 they must surely be alerted to the fact that the prisoners are asserting claims under the
28 United States Constitution. If a habeas petitioner wishes to claim that an evidentiary ruling
1 at a state court trial denied him the due process of law guaranteed by the Fourteenth
2 Amendment, he must say so, not only in federal court, but in state court.”)
3 While Petitioner indicates he has “exhausted all his claims pertaining to the state
4 remedies including up to the State Supreme Court” and indicates the California Supreme
5 Court’s denial was dated May 28, 2025, [see Doc. No. 1 at 2, 13], he cites to Exhibit C in
6 support of this assertion, [see id. at 6, 13], which only reflects that on May 28, 2025, the
7 California Supreme Court denied his “motion to file records on appeal under seal” in case
8 number S288924, entitled In re LEE WILLIS BENDER on Habeas Corpus. [See id. at 41.]
9 A review of the California Supreme Court docket reflects the status of case number
10 S288924 as “case initiated” and that the most recent docket activity was the May 28, 2025,
11 denial of the motion to seal. (See S288924 at https://supreme.courts.ca.gov/case-
12 information/docket-search, last visited July 15, 2025). Given Petitioner’s habeas
13 proceeding currently remains pending before the state supreme court and Petitioner
14 indicates the two claims he presents in the federal Petition have been presented to the state
15 supreme court in that habeas petition, it does not appear state remedies have yet been
16 exhausted. See Duncan, 513 U.S. at 365 (“[E]xhaustion of state remedies requires that
17 petitioners ‘fairly presen(t)’ federal claims to the state courts in order to give the State the
18 ‘opportunity to pass upon and correct’ alleged violations of its prisoners’ federal rights.”),
19 quoting Picard, 404 U.S. at 275 (internal quote marks omitted); see also Schnepp v.
20 Oregon, 333 F.2d 288, 288 (9th Cir. 1964) (“[Petitioner] now has a post conviction
21 proceeding pending in the [state court], and therefore has not exhausted his presently-
22 available state remedies, this being a condition precedent to the granting, by a federal court,
23 of an application by a state prisoner for a writ of habeas corpus.”).
24 Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases provides for summary dismissal
25 of a habeas petition “[i]f it plainly appears from the face of the petition and any attached
26 exhibits that the petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district court . . .” Rule 4, 28 U.S.C.
27 foll. § 2254. Here, it appears plain from the Petition that Petitioner is not presently entitled
28 to federal habeas relief because Petitioner has not exhausted state court remedies as to
1 either of the two enumerated claims in the Petition. See Rasberry v. Garcia, 448 F.3d 1150,
2 1154 (9th Cir. 2006) (citing Jiminez v. Rice, 276 F.3d 478, 481 (9th Cir. 2001) (“Once a
3 district court determines that a habeas petition contains only unexhausted claims, it need
4 not inquire further into the petitioner’s intentions. Instead, it may simply dismiss the
5 habeas petition for failure to exhaust.”),
6 The Court additionally cautions Petitioner that under the Antiterrorism and Effective
7 Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA) a one-year period of limitation shall apply to a
8 petition for a writ of habeas corpus by a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a
9 State court. The limitation period shall run from the latest of:
10 (A) the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion of direct
review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review;
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12 (B) the date on which the impediment to filing an application created by State
action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States is removed,
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if the applicant was prevented from filing by such State action;
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(C) the date on which the constitutional right asserted was initially recognized
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by the Supreme Court, if the right has been newly recognized by the Supreme
16 Court and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review; or
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(D) the date on which the factual predicate of the claim or claims presented
18 could have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence.
19 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(A)-(D).
20 The statute of limitations does not run while a properly filed state habeas corpus
21 petition is pending. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2); see Nino v. Galaza, 183 F.3d 1003, 1006 (9th
22 Cir. 1999), but see Artuz v. Bennett, 531 U.S. 4, 8 (2000) (holding that “an application is
23 ‘properly filed’ when its delivery and acceptance [by the appropriate court officer for
24 placement into the record] are in compliance with the applicable laws and rules governing
25 filings.”). However, absent some other basis for tolling, the statute of limitations does run
26 while a federal habeas petition is pending. Duncan v. Walker, 533 U.S. 167, 181-82 (2001).
27 ///
28 ///
1 MOTION TO FILE RECORDS UNDER SEAL
2 Finally, the Court addresses Petitioner’s motion to file records (Exhibit A to the
3 || Petition) under seal. Because the Petition presently warrants dismissal as discussed above,
4 ||the Court DENIES this motion [Doc. No. 2] without prejudice as moot. The Clerk of the
5 ||Court is ORDERED to STRIKE Exhibit A (currently located at Doc. No. | at □□□□□□□
6 || This public filing contains materials Petitioner has sought to file under seal.
7 CONCLUSION AND ORDER
8 Accordingly, the Court DISMISSES the Petition without prejudice for failure to
9 satisfy the filing fee requirement, failure to name a proper Respondent and failure to
10 exhaust state judicial remedies, DENIES the motion to file records under seal [Doc. No.
11 |/2] without prejudice as moot and ORDERS the Clerk of Court to STRIKE Exhibit A
12 ||[Doc. No. 1 at 21-30].
13 If Petitioner wishes to re-open and proceed with this habeas action, Petitioner must
14 submit, no later than September 15, 2025, a copy of this Order along with BOTH: (1) a
15 || completed First Amended Petition form that cures the pleading deficiencies outlined in the
16 |/instant Order and (2) either the $5.00 fee or adequate proof of Petitioner’s inability to pay
17 ||the fee. The Clerk of Court is directed to send Petitioner a blank 28 U.S.C. § 2254
18 || Amended Habeas Petition form and a blank In Forma Pauperis Application together with
19 ||a copy of this Order.
20 Should Petitioner seek to file any documents under seal, Petitioner should submit a
21 || motion to seal and clearly identify the documents to be sealed. If the Court grants a motion
22 seal, the Clerk of the Court will file the documents (previously identified in a clear
23 ||manner by Petitioner) under seal on CM/ECF.
24 IT IS SO ORDERED.
25 €
26 ||Dated: July 16, 2025
Hon. Cathy Ann Bencivengo
27 United States District Judge
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