The opinion
In the
Missouri Court of Appeals
Western District
KRISTI E. BROWN, ET UX., )
)
Respondent, )
) WD85926
v. )
) OPINION FILED:
ELISA R. PFEIFFER, ) JANUARY 2, 2024
)
Appellant. )
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Clay County, Missouri
The Honorable Timothy J. Flook, Judge
Before Division One: Edward R. Ardini, Jr., Presiding Judge,
Anthony Rex Gabbert, Judge, Janet Sutton, Judge
Elisa R. Pfeiffer (“Pfeiffer”) appeals the circuit court’s judgment on Kristi E.
Brown’s (“Kristi”)1 and Kenneth A. Brown’s (“the Browns” collectively) Second
Amended Petition for partition and breach of contract. Pfeiffer contends the circuit court,
1) misapplied the law in finding the parties entered into two valid and enforceable
agreements, and 2) erred in finding the reasonable fair rental value of the Clay County
property to be $1,600.00 per month. We affirm.
1
As several individuals who are a party to this action share the same last name, Kristi Brown
will be referenced by her first name. No disrespect or familiarity is intended.
Background and Procedural Information
The Browns filed a Petition for Partition against Pfeiffer on February 23, 2021.
Pfeiffer filed an answer and two-count counterclaim on March 23, 2021, adding Garth
Brown as a defendant in Count I of the counterclaim along with the Browns.
The Browns filed a Second Amended Petition on March 8, 2022, alleging that the
Browns and Pfeiffer each owned undivided, one-half interests in two properties. One
property, which included a house, was located in Kearney, Missouri (“Kearney
property”). This was obtained by Kristi and Pfeiffer through a Beneficiary Deed from
Margaret P. Pfeiffer, who died August 20, 2020. It was held by Kristi and Pfeiffer as
tenants in common. The other property consisted of land located in Sullivan County,
Missouri (“Sullivan County property”). The Browns and Kristi each owned undivided,
one-half interests in the Sullivan County property as joint tenants.
“Count I - For Partition” alleged that Pfeiffer had occupied the Kearney property
since August 20, 2020, and had changed the locks and prevented Kristi’s entry. Further,
that Pfeiffer was making modifications to the home without Kristi’s approval. Kristi
alleged that, as a tenant in common, Kristi was entitled to one-half of the fair rental value
of the house during any time it was occupied, which Kristi believed to be $800.00 per
month. Kristi alleged that, for more than eighteen months, Pfeiffer had refused to pay
Kristi her portion of the fair rental value for occupying the home.
Count I additionally alleged that, due to the varying character, uses, value, and
locations of the Kearney property versus the Sullivan property, partition in kind was not
2
possible without great prejudice to the owners. Kristi, therefore, sought partition of the
Kearney property for the common benefit of the parties. Kristi requested appraisal of the
Kearney property to determine the fair market value, partition through sale of the home,
with Pfeiffer to provide an accounting of any expenses incurred in maintaining the home
and any improvements since August 20, 2020.
Count I further requested partition by sale of the Sullivan County property via the
Sullivan County Sheriff selling the property on the steps of the Sullivan County
Courthouse. Further, that the court determine Pfeiffer’s and the Browns’ respective
shares of the proceeds of the two partition sales, adjusted to account for rents owed and
reasonable expenses paid by Pfeiffer for maintenance and improvement. Additionally,
that the Browns be granted reasonable attorneys’ fees expended in pursuing the action,
taxed with the costs of the action, and deducted from the sale proceeds before distribution
of the adjusted shares of the proceeds.
“Count II – Breach of Contract” alleged that on January 21, 2022, and January 22,
2022, in an effort to resolve the primary issues in the case, Kristi and Pfeiffer signed an
agreement regarding the sale of the Kearney property located in Clay County (“Clay
Agreement”). Further, that an agreement was signed on those same dates regarding the
Sullivan County property (“Sullivan Agreement”) and Pfeiffer was represented by
counsel at the time of the agreements.
Count II alleged that, in the Clay Agreement, Pfeiffer agreed to state a price for
one-half of which (less one-half of title insurance costs) she would be willing to either
3
buy Kristi’s one-half interest in the Kearney home, or sell her own one-half interest to
Kristi. Pfeiffer, in writing and via counsel, then placed a monetary value on the property
of $100,000. Kristi, in writing and via counsel, agreed to pay half of that monetary value
to Pfeiffer to purchase the property. Under the terms of the Clay Agreement, closing was
to occur on or before February 22, 2022. Pfeiffer chose Stewart Title for the place of
closing.
In the Sullivan Agreement, the Browns agreed to state a price for one-half of
which (less one-half of title insurance costs) the Browns would be willing to either buy
Pfeiffer’s one-half interest in the Sullivan County property, or sell the Browns’ one-half
interest to Pfeiffer. The Browns valued the Sullivan County property at $34,000. Pfeiffer
was obligated to advise the Browns on or before March 18, 2022, whether Pfeiffer chose
to buy the Browns’ one-half interest in the Sullivan County property, or sell her own one-
half interest to the Browns.
Count II additionally alleged that, on or before February 18, 2022, Pfeiffer
expressed that she did not intend to close on the sale of the Kearney property pursuant to
the Clay Agreement. Further, that Pfeiffer did not intend to decide whether to buy or sell
the Sullivan County property under the Sullivan Agreement. On February 18, 2022,
when performance was due on the Sullivan Agreement, Pfeiffer failed to advise Brown of
her decision to buy or sell the Sullivan County property. On February 22, 2022, when
performance was due under the Clay Agreement, Pfeiffer failed to appear for the closing.
4
Count II further alleged that, because the real estate at issue was unique, and
damages insufficient to compensate the Browns for Pfeiffer’s breaches, specific
performance was warranted. Further, under both the Clay Agreement and Sullivan
Agreement, if litigation became necessary to enforce the terms of the agreements, the
prevailing party was to recover from the non-prevailing party their reasonable costs and
attorneys’ fees. The Browns alleged that they had incurred significant attorneys’ fees in
attempting to compel Pfeiffer to perform as promised in the Clay and Sullivan
agreements.
The Browns asked the court to find Pfeiffer had breached both the Clay Agreement
and the Sullivan Agreement, set a date, time, and place for closing of the two agreements,
and order Pfeiffer’s specific performance under the two agreements. Further, that the
Browns’ costs and attorneys’ fees be withheld from Pfeiffer’s portion of the proceeds and
given to the Browns.
On March 18, 2022, the Browns filed a Motion to Enforce Partial Settlement. The
motion alleged that, in consideration of the Clay and Sullivan agreements, the Browns
had ceased discovery and trial preparation efforts directed toward the real estate partition
elements of the petition, on which trial was scheduled April 1, 2022. Further, that on
March 17, 2022, Pfeiffer repudiated the agreements in their entirety, stating that neither
was enforceable. The Browns asked for specific performance of the agreements.
On April 11, 2022, Pfeiffer filed an Answer to the Browns’ Second Amended
Petition and Pfeiffer’s opposition to the Browns’ Motion to Enforce Partial Settlement.
5
Pfeiffer’s answer included the same two-count counterclaim previously filed in response
to the Browns’ initial petition. Count I of the counterclaim alleged that Garth Brown and
the Browns had illegally dumped construction debris and hazardous material on the
Kearney property, resulting in damage to Pfeiffer.2 Count II alleged that Pfeiffer had
made payments on the mortgage on the Kearney property, payments on additional debts
of Margaret Pfeiffer, and paid multiple expenses necessary to keep and maintain the
Kearney property. Further, that Kristi agreed that if Pfeiffer would send her the payment
book and bills, Kristi would take over payment of those debts. Pfeiffer alleged that Kristi
failed to do so which led to payments becoming delinquent and foreclosure proceedings
pursued, causing Pfeiffer to retain an attorney to halt that process. Pfeiffer asked the
court to order that Kristi compensate Pfeiffer for damages.
The parties appeared on May 23, 2022, for bench trial, after bifurcation, on Count
II of the Browns’ Second Amended Petition. The trial evidence showed that in an effort
to settle the bulk of the pending issues, Pfeiffer’s counsel drafted the Clay Agreement and
the Sullivan Agreement which were signed by the parties January 21 and 22, 2022. The
two agreements follow the same structure: one party was to state a monetary value for
the affected property, and the other had the option to either purchase the first party’s one-
half interest in the property for one-half the stated value, or sell their interest for one-half
the stated value. Pfeiffer agreed to state the monetary value for the Kearney property, and
2
Count I of Pfeiffer’s counterclaim was dismissed without prejudice prior to trial.
6
Kristi had the option to buy or sell for one-half that value; the Browns agreed to state the
monetary value for the Sullivan County property, and Pfeiffer had the option to buy or
sell for one-half that value. Both parties were represented by counsel, and the agreements
provided that the parties would communicate their choices via email through their
attorneys.
Each agreement specified the date by which the other party was to place a
monetary value on the property and advise the opposing party’s attorney of that value via
email, the date by which the party not pricing the property would advise via email to the
other party’s attorney if the property would be purchased or sold, and the date by which
the property would be transferred. Each agreement reserved several issues for ongoing
litigation, including Kristi’s claim for rents from Pfeiffer during the time Pfeiffer had
exclusive control of the Kearney property, Pfeiffer’s claim for reimbursement of
expenses, and Pfeiffer’s and Kristi’s claims for recovery of certain items of personal
property. Both agreements provided that, in the event of litigation, the prevailing party
would recover attorneys’ fees.
Pfeiffer timely emailed the Browns’ counsel that Pfeiffer valued the Kearney
property at $100,000.00. The Browns’ counsel timely emailed Pfeiffer’s counsel that
Kristi would exercise the option to purchase the property for one-half that price, and also
advised that the Browns valued the Sullivan County property at $34,000. Pfeiffer
requested that Stewart Title be used for closing on the Kearney property. Pfeiffer did not
7
advise as to her preference regarding the Sullivan County property, or follow through
with finalizing the closing on either property.
On June 9, 2022, the circuit court entered Judgment, with amended Judgments
issued July 12 and 13, 2022, following a motion to amend. The circuit court found that
the parties had entered into two valid and enforceable settlement agreements. The parties
agreed to terms to trigger respective obligations to purchase and sell the Kearney
property and the Sullivan County property. The court found the terms of each settlement
agreement sufficiently clear to be enforceable and that all conditions precedent to the
performance of the parties’ agreements had occurred.
The circuit court found that Pfeiffer had substantially and materially breached the
parties’ two agreements by failing to comply with the terms and her obligations therein.
The court ordered Pfeiffer to specifically perform all obligations contained within both
agreements.
With regard to the Kearney property, the court ordered Pfeiffer to appear on or
before July 15, 2022, at Stewart Title in Liberty, Missouri to execute a Warranty Deed
conveying to Kristi all of her right and title in and to the Kearney property, and execute
all other closing documents usual and necessary to such a conveyance. The court ordered
Kristi to appear on or before July 15, 2022, at Stewart title in Liberty, Missouri, to tender
payment of $50,000.00, less one-half of related closing and title insurance costs, and
execute all closing documents usual and necessary to the closing of the sale of the
Kearney property.
8
With regard to the Sullivan County property, the court ordered that, within ten
days after the Judgment, Pfeiffer advise the Browns, by email to the Browns’ counsel of
record, whether Pfeiffer wished to purchase the Browns’ interest in the Sullivan County
property for $17,000, less one-half of related closing and title insurance costs, or sell her
own interest to the Browns on the same terms. Further, within thirty days after advising
the Browns of Pfeiffer’s decision, Pfeiffer was to appear at the offices of Stewart Title in
Liberty, Missouri, execute all closing documents, and tender cash or a Warranty Deed as
applicable.
The Browns were awarded attorneys’ fees and costs in the sum of $6,814.20,
which was to be deducted from the amount due Pfeiffer at the closing of the Kearney
property and returned to the Browns.
On July 25, 2022, the Browns filed a “Motion for Order Vesting Title, and for
Attorneys’ Fees and Costs,” alleging that Pfeiffer had failed to comply with the court’s
judgment and asking the court to enter judgment divesting Pfeiffer of title to the Kearney
property, vesting title to Kristi, award attorneys’ fees, and hold Pfeiffer in contempt.
On August 4, 2022, the parties appeared individually and with counsel on the
Browns’ Motion for Order Vesting Title. On August 5, 2022, the circuit court entered
“Interlocutory Judgment Vesting Title” which found Pfeiffer in contempt concluding that,
without just cause, Pfeiffer had failed and refused to appear for closing and perform as
ordered by the court. The court ordered Pfeiffer divested of all right, title, and interest in
9
the Kearney property, and vested Kristi with undivided fee simple ownership of the
property.
On October 21, 2022, the cause was called for trial on all remaining claims of the
parties which included Kristi’s claim for rents due under Count I of the Browns’ Second
Amended petition, the Browns’ claim for attorneys’ fees under Count II, and Pfeiffer’s
counterclaim for reimbursement for expenditures in relation to the properties.
On November 22, 2022, the circuit court entered a final Judgment addressing all
remaining issues and incorporating its prior interlocutory judgments. In Kristi’s Count I
claim for unpaid rents regarding the Kearney property, the court found that Pfeiffer had
exclusive possession, use and control of the property for a period of twenty-two months,
with the reasonable fair market rental value during that time period being $1,600.00 per
month, for a total rental value of $35,200.00. The court found Kristi, as co-tenant of the
property, entitled to one-half that value for a sum of $17,600.00 in damages.
In the Brown’s Count II claim for attorneys’ fees, the court found the Browns the
prevailing party of the disputes related to the contracts between the parties and, therefore,
entitled to attorneys’ fees under the contracts. The court awarded the Browns $2,835.85
in attorneys’ fees caused by Pfeiffer’s refusal to perform the real estate sale agreements
and sale closings. The court declined to allow the Browns to recover interest on the
purchase money loan related to the real estate closing and purchases.
On Pfeiffer’s counterclaim for expenditures on the properties, the court found the
Browns entitled to $2,557.54 from Pfeiffer in expenditures, Pfeiffer entitled to $2,728.20
10
from the Browns in expenditures, resulting in a balance of $60.96 owed to Pfeiffer by the
Browns for expenditures. After offsetting the awards, the court concluded that Pfeiffer
owed the Browns a total of $20,374.89. The court ordered the amount deducted from the
sale proceeds of the property and that any balance thereafter accrue interest at a statutory
rate of nine percent simple interest.
This appeal follows.
Standard of Review
Our standard of review in any court-tried case is set forth in Murphy v. Carron, 536
S.W.2d 30, 32 (Mo. banc 1976). Schollmeyer v. Schollmeyer, 393 S.W.3d 120, 122 (Mo.
App. 2013). We will affirm the circuit court’s judgment unless it is unsupported by
substantial evidence, is against the weight of the evidence, or erroneously declares or
applies the law. Id. at 122-123. We view the evidence and all reasonable inferences in the
light most favorable to the court’s judgment. Id. at 123. The party challenging the
judgment has the burden of proving error. Beckham v. Beckham, 41 S.W.3d 908, 911 (Mo.
App. 2001). We apply de novo review to questions of law and give no deference to the
trial court’s conclusions regarding such questions. Pearson v. Koster, 367 S.W.3d 36, 43-
44 (Mo. banc 2012). “The trial judge has absolute discretion as to the credibility of
witnesses and the weight of their testimony is a matter for the trial court, and its findings
on witness credibility are never reviewable by the appellate court.” Blair v. Blair, 147
S.W.3d 882, 886 (Mo. App. 2004) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
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Point I – Validity of Settlement Agreements
Pfeiffer argues in her first point on appeal that the circuit court misapplied the law
in finding the parties entered into two valid and enforceable settlement agreements,
arguing that the settlement agreements were missing a material term – the purchase price
– rendering the agreements invalid and unenforceable as contracts for the sale of real
estate. Pfeiffer argues that the agreements in this case “lack sufficient detail as to the
price and the promises on both sides to rise to the level of enforceable contracts for the
sale of real estate.” Pfeiffer contends that, while contracts which contain a method for
determining a certain purchase price in the future can be enforceable, the future price to
be determined in this case lacked a method that consisted of “the definiteness needed to
amount to being certain.” Pfeiffer suggests that basing the price on a fair market
valuation or an assessed valuation would have made the contract sufficiently definite, but
that it was impossible in this case for the parties to have known or measured the extent of
their respective liabilities at the time the agreements were signed. Further, the parties had
no idea who the buyer or seller would be.
At trial, Pfeiffer’s attorney, who drafted the agreements and represented Pfeiffer at
the time of the agreements, testified that a January 24, 2022, email was sent to opposing
counsel on Pfeiffer’s behalf establishing the sale price of the Kearney property pursuant
to the Clay Agreement. Further, that a January 25, 2022, email was received by Pfeiffer’s
attorney from opposing counsel pursuant to the Sullivan Agreement which established the
sale price of the Sullivan County property.
12
Kristi testified that the purchase price of, and Kristi’s desire to purchase, the
Kearney property was exchanged with Pfeiffer pursuant to the Clay Agreement, as was
the purchase price of, and the Browns’ desire to purchase, the Sullivan County property
pursuant to the Sullivan Agreement.
In Answer to the Browns’ Second-Amended Petition, Pfeiffer admitted that she
entered into both the Clay Agreement and the Sullivan Agreement. She additionally
admitted that, under the terms of the Clay Agreement, Pfeiffer agreed to state a price for
one-half of which (less one-half of title insurance costs) she would be willing to either
buy Kristi’s one-half interest in the property, or sell her own one-half interest to Kristi.
Pfeiffer additionally admitted that, under the Sullivan Agreement, she agreed that Brown
would state a price for one-half of which (less one-half of title insurance costs) Brown
would be willing to either buy Pfeiffer’s one-half interest in the Sullivan County property,
or sell their own one-half interest to Pfeiffer.
Pfeiffer testified at trial that she was a licensed Missouri real estate sales person.
Pfeiffer admitted to not closing on the Kearney property, stating that she would have
closed on the property on the scheduled day but was unwilling to release the Browns
from further judgments from unpaid bills and unpaid mechanics liens on the property.
Pfeiffer acknowledged, however, that both agreements contained a provision that various
issues remained to be litigated and that Pfeiffer was not waiving those. Issues expressly
not waived included expenses incurred on behalf of Pfeiffer’s and Kristi’s mother and/or
property expenses, including various bills, taxes, etc. Pfeiffer also admitted to never
13
closing on the sale of the Sullivan County property. While Pfeiffer testified that the
agreements stated no purchase price for the properties, she never testified that there was
not a clear method for determining the sale price set forth in the agreements, or that she
misunderstood the agreements or the pricing method to which she agreed.
Real estate contracts in Missouri require specific terms to be enforceable for the
sale of real property, with the essential elements of an agreement to convey real property
to include: (1) the parties; (2) the subject matter; (3) promises on both sides; (4)
stipulation of a price, or a method of determining it; and (5) consideration. Ebert v.
Ebert, 627 S.W.3d 571, 587 (Mo. App. 2021). “It is fundamental that in order to be
binding, an agreement for the sale of land must be definite and certain as to its terms and
requirements to enable a court to determine its meaning and to measure the extent of the
parties’ liability.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “Real estate
contracts are subject to the extraordinary remedy of specific performance because they
convey a unique interest in a particular tract of land, thus their essential terms should be
so precise and exact that neither party could reasonably misunderstand them.” Id.
(internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
We find the record clear that in settling the matter the parties expressly chose their
own unique method of valuation in lieu of more traditional methods. The settlement
agreements were reached nearly a year after the Browns filed suit to partition the
properties. In requesting partition, the Browns asked the court to order an appraisal of
the Kearney property to determine the fair market value prior to ordering a sale. The
14
Browns requested that the Sullivan County property be advertised and sold by the Sheriff
on the courthouse steps. In answer, Pfeiffer alleged that the relief sought by the Browns
was barred, in part, due to the Browns’ failure to comply with Missouri’s Save the Family
Farm Act. Missouri’s Save the Family Farm Act discusses valuing property via a
certified appraisal to determine fair market value. § 528.720.1.3 With regard to heirs’
property, the Act provides that, if all cotenants have agreed to the value of the property or
another method of valuation, the court shall adopt that value or the value produced by the
agreed method of valuation. § 528.720.2.
In settling the Brown’s request for partition, the parties expressed a “desire to
terminate their co-tenancy and to make provision for one of them to buy out the other.”
The parties knew, therefore, that instead of an unknown individual purchasing the
properties in a court ordered sale, one of the two parties would purchase one or both
properties. One of the two parties would sell one or both properties. The parties
acknowledged that, except for issues still remaining which were expressly identified in
the agreements, the parties were making a “full and final settlement of their dispute as to”
the properties. Pfeiffer now challenges the method created by the parties to effectuate the
parties’ expressed intent to “make provision for one of them to buy out the other,”
suggesting that basing the buy/sell price on a fair market/assessed valuation would have
made the contracts sufficiently definite. Yet, the pleadings of both Brown and Pfeiffer
3
All statutory references are to the Revised Statutes of Missouri, as updated through August
2020, unless otherwise noted.
15
show that they were well aware of alternative methods but opted to agree to a different
method, presumably more suited to reaching their settlement goals.
Pfeiffer, a Missouri licensed real estate agent who testified that she had
participated in over a thousand real estate contracts, agreed to place a price on the
Kearney property. Kristi agreed to accept Pfeiffer’s valuation and either buy the property
from Pfeiffer for half of that price, or accept half of that price as payment for her own
interest in the property. Pfeiffer set a price of $100,000 pursuant to the Clay Agreement,
and Kristi agreed to “buy out” Pfeiffer for half of that price. Pursuant to the terms of both
agreements and the performance dates set forth therein, all decisions regarding the
Kearney property were to be made before any party was obligated to act regarding the
Sullivan County property.
In the Sullivan Agreement, the parties agreed that the Browns would place a price
on the Sullivan County property. Pfeiffer agreed to accept the Browns’ valuation and
either buy it from the Browns for half of that price, or accept half of that price as payment
for her own interest in the property.
We find the method for determining the purchase price of the properties in the two
agreements sufficiently definite so as to have created binding and enforceable contracts.
Pfeiffer is the only party now asserting that the method for pricing the property was too
indefinite, but the fact that Pfeiffer herself valued the Kearney property pursuant to the
Clay Agreement evidences that she understood the method for valuation to which she
agreed. Pfeiffer even testified that she would have closed on that sale if she had not had
16
concerns that the closing would allow the Browns to escape responsibility for various
expenses incurred by Pfeiffer related to the property. She never testified that she
misunderstood the pricing terms.
The same method for valuation was used in the Sullivan Agreement. Pfeiffer
never claimed that the price quoted by the Browns for the Sullivan property resulted from
unconscionable contract terms (which would have been a difficult argument given that
her attorney drafted the agreement) and/or resulted in unfair surprise. Nor, although
contending on appeal that fair market value would have been an acceptable pricing
method, did she ever contend that the Browns’ stated price for the Sullivan property was
unreasonable or unexpected compared to a fair market valuation.4
The circuit court did not misapply the law in finding the parties entered into two
valid and enforceable agreements, as the settlement agreements contained a sufficiently
definite method of determining the sale price of the properties.
4
At the time Pfeiffer breached the agreements, a price had already been established for both
properties. Even if it could be said that the agreements did not sufficiently set forth a method for
determining price, at the time of Pfeiffer’s breach, the agreements were similar to lease
provisions containing a “preference” or “first refusal” option clause in the event leased land is
sold, with such option leaving price to the future agreement of the parties. Barling v. Horn, 296
S.W.2d 94, 97 (Mo. 1956). “With regard to the contention or objection that such a clause is void
under the Statute of Frauds and unenforceable because of vagueness…such objection is met
when the optioner fixes a price at which he is willing to sell.” Id. (Internal quotation marks and
citation omitted). “The option, if adequate in other respects, thereupon becomes a definite offer,
which, when accepted by the optionee, ripens into a mutually binding contract, specifically
enforceable.” Id. (Internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Pfeiffer fixed the price of the
Kearney property pursuant to the Clay Agreement and Kristi accepted that price. The Browns
fixed the price of the Sullivan County property under the Sullivan Agreement and the only thing
left for Pfeiffer to do was make her buy/sell selection.
17
Pfeiffer’s first point on appeal is denied.
Point II – Fair Rental Value
Pfeiffer contends in her second point on appeal that the circuit court erred in
finding the reasonable fair rental value of the Kearney property to be $1,600.00 per
month, arguing that this ruling is not supported by substantial evidence in that Kristi
failed to present competent evidence of the fair rental value at trial. Pfeiffer argues that
the sole evidence as to the fair rental value of the Kearney property was testimony of an
inexperienced real estate agent who lacked proper foundational knowledge to provide a
valid opinion on this particular property as of the date such property was inherited by the
parties.
Kristi pled in Count I of the Second Amended Petition that she was entitled to
$800.00 per month during the time Pfeiffer exclusively occupied the Kearney property
and prevented Kristi from entering the house, which represented one half of the fair rental
value of the house. Pfeiffer, therefore, was on notice prior to trial that Kristi was
claiming the monthly fair rental value of the Kearney property to be $1,600.00.
At trial, M.M. testified to being a real estate agent for three and a half years for
“north-of-the-river properties,” including Kearney, Missouri. M.M. handled the sale of
real estate and M.M.’s investors handled leases on real estate. M.M. testified that M.M.
always had to be knowledgeable as to the rental rates of homes so that investors would
know if a property was worth investing in. M.M. subscribed to the professional version
of “Rentometer,” which is a website that pulls all public rental properties in the exact area
18
searched and within a certain distance. M.M. testified that this was the best option M.M.
had seen for calculating rental value of a residential home. M.M. personally viewed the
Kearney property once. The home is 2,616 square feet based on tax records.
M.M. testified that the fair market rental value of the Kearney property on August
20, 2020, was $1,692.00 per month. August 20, 2020, was when the property was
transferred to Pfeiffer and Kristi. M.M. found the fair market rental value of the property
on August 5, 2022 to be $2,116.00 per month, however this was based on a 20% under
market valuation for the home being outdated. August 5, 2022, was the date Kristi finally
closed on purchasing the home.
As owner of the property, Kristi testified that she believed the fair rental value of
the property to be $1,600.00 per month on August 20, 2020. “The general rule in
Missouri is than an owner is presumed competent to testify to the value of his real
property even though he does not qualify as an expert.” Sharaga v. Auto Owners Mut.
Ins. Co., 831 S.W.2d 248, 252 (Mo. App. 1992). Pfeiffer did not cross examine Kristi
regarding this opinion, or introduce any competing evidence on this issue. Despite
Pfeiffer being half-owner of the home and a licensed Missouri real estate sales person,
Pfeiffer offered no personal opinion as to the fair rental value of the home.
The circuit court’s ruling, that the reasonable fair rental value of the Kearney
property was $1,600.00 per month, is supported by substantial evidence.
Pfeiffer’s second point on appeal is denied.
19
Conclusion
We affirm the circuit court’s judgment, and remand for a determination of
appellate attorneys’ fees.5
_________________________________
Anthony Rex Gabbert, Judge
All concur.
5
The Browns filed a motion for attorneys’ fees incurred in defending this appeal. This motion is
granted. Both the Clay Agreement and the Sullivan Agreement contain attorney fee provisions
for the prevailing party in the event of a contract dispute. “[W]hile appellate courts have the
authority to award attorney fees on appeal, because the trial court is better equipped to hear
evidence and determine the reasonableness of the fee requested, we remand to the trial court to
determine a reasonable award of attorneys’ fees on appeal.” Gray v. Missouri Dept. of
Corrections, 635 S.W.3d 99, 108 (Mo. App. 2021).
20