Sarita v. West Riv. Apts. Inc

Sarita v West Riv. Apts. Inc

2025 NY Slip Op 31642(U)

May 5, 2025

Supreme Court, New York County

Docket Number: Index No. 161292/2017

Judge: Verna L. Saunders

Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip

Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York

State and local government sources, including the New

York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.

This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official

publication.

INDEX NO. 161292/2017

NYSCEF DOC. NO. 83 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 05/06/2025

SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

NEW YORK COUNTY

PRESENT: HON. VERNAL. SAUNDERS, JSC PART 36

Justice

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X INDEX NO. 161292/2017

PATRICIO SARITA,

MOTION SEQ. NO. 001

Plaintiff,

-v-

DECISION+ ORDER ON

WEST RIVER APARTMENTS INC, 618 RIVERSIDE DRIVE

OWNERS, INC., and NY MARKET REAL EST ATE,

MOTION

Defendants.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

618 RIVERSIDE DRIVE OWNERS, INC. and

NY MARKET REAL EST ATE, Third-Party

Index No. 595928/2020

Third-Party Plaintiffs,

-against-

PANOS MANAGEMENT, INC. and

PANAGIOTIS MOUTSAKIS,

Third-Party Defendants.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 001) 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,

56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68, 70, 71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82

were read on this motion to/for SUMMARY JUDGMENT

This is an action to recover damages for personal injuries allegedly sustained by a worker

on December 2, 2017, when, while working at 640 West 139th Street, Unit 62, New York, New

York (the, "apartment"), he fell from a ladder. Plaintiff Patricio Sarita now moves, pursuant to

CPLR 3212, for summary judgment in his favor as to liability on his Labor Law§ 240(1) claim

against defendant 618 Riverside Drive Owners, Inc. ("Riverside"). 1

On the day of the accident, Riverside owned 640 West 139th Street (the, "building"), a

residential cooperative building. Defendant NY Market Real Estate ("NY Market") managed the

building. Third-party defendant Panagiotis Moutsakis a/k/a "Pete" Moutsakis ("Moutsakis")

owned 24 or 25 of the apartments at the building, including the apartment. Third-party

defendant Panos Management, Inc. ("Panos"), solely owned by Moutsakis, managed Moutsakis'

apartments. Panos hired plaintiff to remodel the apartment (the, "project").

Plaintiff testified that on the day of the accident, he was employed by Moutsakis.

Moutsakis owned several apartments in the building, including the apartment. Plaintiffs work

1

By stipulation of discontinuance filed on April 11, 2019, plaintiff discontinued his action against defendant West

River Apartments, Inc. (NYSCEF Doc. No. 13).

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entailed "[c]onstruction". Specifically, Moutsakis wanted plaintiff to "remodel the apartment".

Plaintiff began working in November 2017. Moutsakis hired him to "put up sheetrock, paint,

and [to install the] floor". Moutsakis provided all the materials. He also provided plaintiff with

a ladder and some hand tools. The ladder was a six-foot metal, A-frame ladder (the, "ladder").

Moutsakis had provided plaintiff with the ladder at least a year prior to the accident, and plaintiff

had used it to repair other units that Moutsakis owned in the building. On the day of the

accident, plaintiff was the only person in the apartment. That day, he used the ladder to install

sheetrock and for framing. He did not notice any issues with the ladder.

Plaintiff testified that, prior to the accident, he had inspected the ladder and made sure

that it was stable and secure before he climbed it. Plaintiff then climbed the ladder, stood on the

third rung from the top, approximately four to five feet up, and began installing "a piece of

wood". He held a drill in one hand and a two-foot-long piece of two-by-four in the other. As he

was installing the wood, "suddenly, the ladder moved, and [plaintiff] fell". Specifically, "the

ladder fell first and then [plaintiff] fell". He did not know what caused the ladder to move and

fall.

At his deposition, plaintiff was shown a document and confirmed that he had signed it.

He did not know what it said, but he testified that Moutsakis told him it was a contract for the

work plaintiff performed in the apartment. Plaintiff also testified that he had his own wooden

ladder that he brought to the apartment, but he did not use it on the day of the accident. The

wooden ladder did not have a tray built into it to place screws and other materials. The subject

ladder did. (NYSCEF Doc. No. 76, plaintiff's EBT).

Plaintiff provides a copy of his affidavit, signed and dated April 15, 2024. His affidavit

reiterates that plaintiff was hired by Moutsakis to renovate the apartment (plaintiffs affidavit, ,i

1), and that Moutsakis provided all materials and the ladder. Plaintiff also stated that he climbed

the ladder to the third or fourth rung when the ladder "move[ d] and tilt[ ed] to the left suddenly

and unexpectedly" which caused plaintiff to "lose [his] balance and fall". Plaintiff further stated

that the ladder was not secured in any way at the time of the accident, that no one was holding

the ladder steady, and that he was not provided with any "harness or fall protection". Finally,

plaintiff stated that there was a wooden A-frame ladder in the apartment, but the metal ladder

was "the most suitable option available as it was the only one equipped with a work platform that

could be used to store [his] tools and supplies as necessary while framing" (NYSCEF Doc. No.

51, plaintiff's aff).

Moutsakis testified that plaintiff was a contractor that he hired to perform repairs in the

apartment. Specifically, plaintiff was hired through Moutsakis' company Panos Management.

He did not provide plaintiff with any safety equipment or instructions. He did not go to the

premises during construction. Plaintiff was hired to perform "[p]ainting, put up sheetrock".

Plaintiff was hired pursuant to a contract. Moutsakis bought all the materials for the project.

Moutsakis testified that he did not provide plaintiff with any ladders. Moutsakis first learned of

the accident from the building superintendent two or three days after it happened (NYSCEF Doc.

No. 66, Moutsakis EBT). 2

2

Only the second day ofMoutsakis' deposition testimony is included in the moving papers.

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Motion No. 001

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Vasilios Neroulias testified that on the day of the accident, he was the owner of NY

Market, a property management company. It manages the building. His duties included

"dealing with repairs, dealing with insurance, dealing with governmental issues" and general

maintenance and cleaning. The building is a cooperative apartment building. Moutsakis owns

the shares for the apartment. Neroulias also testified that Moutsakis has used a commercial

space in the basement of the premises to store equipment such as ladders (NYSCEF Doc. No. 62,

Neroulias EBI).

"[T]he proponent of a summary judgment motion must make a prima facie showing of

entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, tendering sufficient evidence to demonstrate the

absence of any material issues of fact. Failure to make such prima facie showing requires denial

of the motion, regardless of the sufficiency of the opposing papers" (Pullman v Silverman, 28

NY3d 1060, 1062 [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]). Once prima facie

entitlement has been established, in order to defeat the motion, the opposing party must

'"assemble, lay bare, and reveal his [or her] proofs in order to show his [or her] defenses are real

and capable of being established on trial ... and it is insufficient to merely set forth averments of

factual or legal conclusions"' (Genger v Genger, 123 AD3d 445,447 [1st Dept 2014], quoting

Schiraldi v US Min. Prods., 194 AD2d 482, 483 [1st Dept 1993]). "Summary judgment must

be denied where there is any doubt as to the existence of a triable issue ... or where the issue is

arguable" (Genesis Merchant Partners, L.P. v Gilbride, Tusa, Last & Spellane, LLC, 157 AD3d

479,482 [1st Dept 2018] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]).

Plaintiff moves for summary judgment in his favor on his Labor Law § 240(1) claim as

against Riverside.

Labor Law§ 240(1), known as the Scaffold Law, provides as relevant:

"All contractors and owners and their agents ... in the erection,

demolition, repairing, altering, painting, cleaning or pointing of a

building or structure shall furnish or erect, or cause to be furnished

or erected for the performance of such labor, scaffolding, hoists,

stays, ladders, slings, hangers, blocks, pulleys, braces, irons, ropes,

and other devices which shall be so constructed, placed and operated

as to give proper protection to a person so employed."

Labor Law § 240(1) "imposes a nondelegable duty on owners and contractors to provide

devices which shall be so constructed, placed and operated as to give proper protection to those

individuals performing the work" (Quiroz v Memorial Hosp. for Cancer & Allied Diseases, 202

AD3d 601, 604 [1st Dept 2022] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]). It "'was

designed to prevent those types of accidents in which the scaffold ... or other protective device

proved inadequate to shield the injured worker from harm directly flowing from the application

of the force of gravity to an object or person"' (John v Baharestani, 281 AD2d 114, 118 [I st

Dept 2001], quoting Ross v Curtis-Palmer Hydro-Elec. Co., 81 NY2d 494,501 [1993]).

The absolute liability found within section 240 "is contingent upon the existence of a

hazard contemplated in section 240(1) and the failure to use, or the inadequacy of, a safety

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device ofthe kind enumerated therein" (O'Brien v Port Auth. ofN.Y & NJ, 29 NY3d 27, 33

[2017] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; Narducci v Manhasset Bay Assoc., 96

NY2d 259,267 [2001]). Therefore, section 240(1) "does not cover the type of ordinary and

usual peril to which a worker is commonly exposed at a construction site" (Buckley v Columbia

Grammar & Preparatory, 44 AD3d 263,267 [1st Dept 2007]). Therefore, to prevail on a Labor

Law§ 240(1) claim, a plaintiff must establish that the statute was violated, and that this violation

was a proximate cause of the plaintiffs injuries (Barreto v Metropolitan Transp. Auth., 25 NY3d

426,433 [2015]).

'"Where a ladder is offered as a work-site safety device, it must be sufficient to provide

proper protection. It is well settled that [the] failure to properly secure a ladder, to ensure that it

remain steady and erect while being used, constitutes a violation of Labor Law § 240( 1)'"

(Montalvo v J Petrocelli Constr., Inc., 8 AD3d 173, 174 [1st Dept 2004], quoting KUak v 330

MadisonAve. Corp., 251 AD2d 152,153 [1st Dept 1998]). "Whetherthedeviceprovidedproper

protection is a question of fact, except when the device collapses, moves, falls or otherwise fails

to support the plaintiff and his materials" (Pai v Nelson Senior Hous. Dev. Fund Corp., 232

AD3d 822, [2d Dept 2024] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]).

Initially, plaintiff argues that Riverside, as the owner of the cooperative building itself, is

a proper Labor Law defendant, notwithstanding any lack of notice or control over the project

(see e.g., Sanatass v Consol. Inv. Co., Inc., 10 NY3d 333, 340 [2008] [a cooperative corporation

"may not escape strict liability as an owner based on its lack of notice or control over the work

ordered by its tenant"]; Guryev v Tomchinsky 20 NY3d 194,201 [2012] [noting that cooperative

corporations have been found to be owners under the Labor Law]). Importantly, Riverside does

not contest that it is a proper Labor Law defendant, instead only arguing for denial of the motion

on the merits of plaintiffs claim. The court now turns to the merits.

Here, plaintiff' testified that the subject ladder "suddenly" moved and fell over, causing

him to fall to the floor (plaint(ff's tr at 41; plaintiff's ajf, ,-r 8). Plaintiff also stated that there was

no other safety device provided to him and that the ladder was otherwise unsecured to prevent it

from falling over (plaintiff's ajf, ,-r lO;plaintiff's tr at 39). Accordingly, plaintiff has established

his prima facie entitlement to summary judgment in his favor (Peralta v Am. Tel. and Tel. Co.,

29 AD3d 493,494 [1st Dept 2006] ["Unrefuted evidence that the unsecured ladder moved,

combined with evidence that no other safety devices were provided to plaintiff, warranted a

finding that the owners were absolutely liable under Labor Law § 240(1 )"]).

In opposition, Riverside argues that summary judgment is not warranted because

plaintiffs affidavit conflicts with plaintiff's own testimony, creating a credibility issue. This

argument is unpersuasive. Plaintiffs affidavit and testimony do not conflict (see plaintiffs tr at

41 ["suddenly, the ladder moved, and [plaintiff] fell"]; plaintiffs affidavit ,-r 8 ["[plaintiff] felt

the ladder move and tilt to the left suddenly and unexpectedly"]). Plaintiff's testimony does not

conflict with his more detailed subsequent affidavit and does not create an alternate version of

the accident that would call his credibility into question (see Clemente v 205 West 103 Owners

Corp. 180 AD3d 516, 517 [1st Dept 2020]). Accordingly, nothing in the record contradicts or

controverts plaintiff's description of the accident.

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Similarly, Riverside argues that summary judgment is improper because plaintifrs

accident was unwitnessed. However, "[t]he fact that plaintiff was the only witness to his

accident does not preclude summary judgment in his favor, since nothing in the record

controverts his account of the accident or calls his credibility into question" (Rroku v West Rae

Contr. Corp., 164 AD3d 1176, 1177 [1st Dept 2018]).

Next, Riverside argues that a question of fact exists as to who provided the ladder

(whether plaintiff brought it to the apartment, or whether Moutsakis provided it to him). This

argument does not raise a question of fact, as "conflicting testimony as to who provided the

subject ladder [is] irrelevant to the dispositive issue of whether defendants provided plaintiff

with proper protection" under Labor Law§ 240(1) (Ortiz v Burke Ave. Realty, Inc., 126 AD3d

577, 578 [1st Dept 2015]).

Riverside also argues that summary judgment is not warranted because plaintiff has failed

to identify a defect in the ladder. However, a plaintiff is "not required to demonstrate that a

ladder is defective in order to establish prima facie entitlement to summary judgment under

Labor Law§ 240(1) (Lin v JOO Wall St. Prop. L.L.C., 193 AD3d 650, 651 [1st Dept 2021]).

Next, Riverside argues that a question of fact exists because plaintiff did not know why

the ladder moved. However, it has long been held that ladders that "collapse or malfunction for

no apparent reason" sufficiently establish a "presumption that the ladder ... was not good

enough to afford proper protection" (Blake v Neighborhood Haus. Services of New York City,

Inc., 1 NY3d 280,289, fn 8 [2003]; Hill v City of New York, 140 AD3d 568, 570 [1st Dept 2016]

["It is sufficient for purposes of liability under section 240(1) that adequate safety devices to

prevent the ladder from slipping or to protect plaintiff from falling were absent"]; quoting

Orellano v 29 E 27th St. Realty Corp., 292 AD2d 289,291 [1st Dept 2002]).

In addition, Riverside's argument that plaintiff was recalcitrant because he chose to use

the subject ladder rather than another ladder is unpersuasive. Riverside does not establish that

plaintiff was directed to use one ladder over another and that he "chose for no good reason not to

do so" (Biaca-Neto v Boston Rd. II Haus. Dev. Fund Corp., 34 NY3d 1166, 1168 [2020]).

Rather, plaintiff explained that he used the ladder because it was equipped with a shelf for tools

and materials, while the other ladder did not have a shelf (plaintiff's tr at 60-61).

Finally, to the extent that Riverside argues that plaintiff was the sole proximate cause of

his accident, he was not. Plaintiff has established that he was not provided with proper

protection to allow him to safely work from a height, in violation of section 240( 1). "[I]t is

conceptually impossible for a plaintiff's negligence to be the sole proximate cause of an accident

where, as here, it is shown that a violation of Labor Law § 240( 1) was a concurrent cause of the

accident" (Suazo v 501 Madison-Sutton LLC, 235 AD3d 513 [1st Dept 2025]). Given the

foregoing, plaintiff is entitled to summary judgment in his favor on his Labor Law § 240(1)

claim as against Riverside. The parties remaining arguments have been considered and were

unavailing. For the foregoing reasons, it is hereby

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ORDERED that the motion of plaintiff Patricio Sarita, pursuant to CPLR 3212, for

summary judgment in his favor on his Labor Law§ 240(1) claim against defendant 618

Riverside Drive Owners, Inc. is granted; and it is further

ORDERED that, within twenty (20) days after this decision and order is uploaded to

NYSCEF, counsel for plaintiff shall serve a copy of this decision and order, with notice of entry,

upon defendants, as well as the Clerk of the Court, who shall enter judgment accordingly.

This constitutes the decision and order of the court.

May 5, 2025

CHECK ONE: CASE DISPOSED

APPLICATION:

CHECK IF APPROPRIATE:

GRANTED

SETTLE ORDER

□ DENIED

INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN

8 SUBMIT ORDER

FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT

□ OTHER

□ REFERENCE

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Motion No. 001

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