The opinion
Matter of Brown v Mahan
2025 NY Slip Op 31501(U)
April 29, 2025
Supreme Court, Saratoga County
Docket Number: Index No. EF20251374
Judge: James E. Walsh
Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip
Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York
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This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official
publication.
INDEX NO. EF20251374
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 24 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/29/2025
SUPREM E COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
COUNTY OF SARATO GA
In the Matter of t he Applicatio n of
JEFFREY R. BROWN, DECISIO N AND
ORDER
Petitioner -Candidat e Aggrieved ,
-and-
CHRIS O'HARA,
Petitioner -Objector
-against- RJI # 45-1-2025 -0525
Index #EF20251 374
RYAN MAHAN,
Responde nt-Candid ate,
-a nd-
SARATOGA COUNTY BOARD OF ELECTIO NS,
Responde nts,
For an Order Pursu an t to Sections 16-100,
16-102(1), (2) and 16-116 of the Election Law,
And CPLR Section 3001, Declaring Invalid t he
Republica n Party Designati ng Petitions Purportin g
To Nominate Ryan Mahan as a Candidate for the
Public Office of Saratoga County Sheriff,
In the State of New York, in t he Primary Election to be
Held June 24, 2025, a nd to Restrain t he said Saratoga
County Board of Elections from Printing and Placin g t he
Name Ryan [Ma han] on t he Republica n Party line on
Official Ballots of Such Primary a nd/or General Election.
Appeara nces:
John J. Ciampoli, Esq., Of Counsel to Fusco Law Office
Attorneys for Petitioner s
Capitol Station
P.O. Box 7114
Albany, New York 12224
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Joel E. Abelove, Esq.
Abelove Law, P .C.
Attorneys for Responde nt-Ca ndidate Rya n Mahan
1702a Central Avenue
Albany, New York 12205
George P . Conway, Esq.
Saratoga County Attorney
Attorneys for Responde nt Saratoga County Board of Elections
40 McMaste r Street
Ballston Spa, New York 12020
Walsh , J .
The instant m atter is brought on by Petition and Order to Show Cause under
Article 16 of t he New York State Election Law, filed on April 15, 2025, a nd made
returnable on April 25, 2025. A hearing was conducted by t he Court on April 25, 2025
and the parties wer e directed to file a ny post-hear ing submissio ns to the Court by
April 28, 2025 at 1:00 p.m., which both parties have done. Petitioner -Candidat e
1
Aggrieved Brown (Petitione r) asserts t hat Responde nt-Candidate engaged in
fraudulen t conduct in collecting a sign ature for designati n g petitions a nd must be
stricken from the ballot. P etitioner-Objector contends th at four other signature s are
permeate d wit h fraud , as obtained by other subscribin g witnesses. Responde nt-
Candidate argues that th e ca ndidate did not knowingly en gage in a ny fra udulent
conduct, nor witness any such fraud, a nd t hat a sufficient number of va lid signature s
1
Consistent with its position during the proceedings, Respond ent Saratoga County Board of Electio ns provided the
required evidence, but did not take a position on the relief requested in post-hearing submissions.
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have been presented to secure access to the ballot in the primary election to be
conducted on June 24, 2025.
The parties stipulated that 1,000 valid signatures were r equired to secure
access to the ballot on the Republican party line for the position of Saratoga County
Sheriff (see Election Law §6-136). Respondent-Candidate submitted 1,440 signatures
and Petitioners objected to 355 as invalid. Respondent-Candidate witnessed several
nominating petitions that were submitted as part of his application to t he Saratoga
County Board of Elections. As an aggrieved candidate, Petitioner Brown "was not
required to file objections and specifications to the petition prior to commencin g [the
invalidation] proceeding." Matter of Magee v. Camp, 253 AD2d 573 [3 rd Dept. 1998].
Petitioners assert t hat Respondent-Candidate engaged in fraud on one petition
where Judith Bussing admitted that she signed her husband's name outside of
Respondent-Candidate's prese nce, which he attested to witnessing. Petitioners also
asserted that Marybeth Sauter signed her husband's name on a petition carried by
John Gaba and stated in her affidavit that she thought she was signing the petition
in favor of Petitioner Brown. Yvonne Knights submitted an affidavit that she signed
for her husband on a petition carried by Kyle Loucks. Sarah Esson and Franklin
Esson submitted affidavits attesting to signing a petition carried by John Gaba, but
that they thought that Gaba himself was the candidate, not Responde nt-Candidate
Mahan.
"A candidate's designating petition will be invalidated on the ground of fraud
if there is a showing that the e ntire petition is permeated with fraud. " Matter of
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Felder v. Storobin, 100 AD3d 11, 15 [2 nd Dept. 20 12]. "Even when the designating
petition is not permeated with fraud, t he petition generally will be invalidated where
the candidate has participated in or is chargeable with knowledge of the fraud."
Matter of Volino v. Calvi, 87 AD3d 657, 658 [2 nd Dept. 2011]. Here, four instances of
fraud are alleged concerning the Sauter, Knights and Essons signatures. Each
signature was procured by a subscribing witness other th an the candidate and no
proof was adduced that Respondent- Candidate participated in or was aware of any
alleged impropriety. Further, as such constituted only four of more than 1400 such
signatures, it cannot be said that this alleged fraud permeates the entire petition.
See, Matter of Steinert v. Daly , 118 AD3d 808 [2 nd Dept. 2014].
Turning to th e allegation regarding the Bussing signature, the allegation is
that Judith Bussing signed her husband Douglas' name, outside the presence of
Respondent-Candidate, who then attested to personally witnessing the signature.
The subject petition, just like all petitions at issue h ere, contained a jurat for the
subscribing witness, which reads as follows:
I, _ _ __ ____, state: I am a duly qualified vote of the State of
New York and am an enrolled voter of the Republican Party. I now
reside at (residence address) _ __ _ _ _ _. Each of the individuals
whose names are subscribed to this petition sheet containing, (FILL IN
NUMBER) __ signatures, subscribed the same in my presence on the
dates above indicated and identified himself or herself to be the
individual who sign ed this sheet. I understand that this statement will
be accepted for all purposes as t he equivalent of an affidavit and, if it
contains a material false statement, shall subject me to the same
penalties as if I had bee n duly sworn. (See NYS Election Law§ 6-132)
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Petitioner submitted proof in affidavit form that Ms. Bussing signed the
subject petition on behalf of her husband and did so outside the presence of the
subscribing witness, the Respondent-Candidate. Mr. Mahan testified begrudgingly
that he permitted Ms. Bussing to take the clipboard with the petition into he r home,
where he testified that she disappeared from view and had a conversation with a male
figure , who was assumed to be Douglas Bussing, Ms. Bussing's husband. Then, Ms.
Bussing returned to the door and handed Respondent-Candidate the petition on the
clipboard containing both her and Mr. Bussing's signature.
"A court will invalidate a designating petition where the challenger
establishes, by clear and convincing evidence, 'that the entire petit ion is permeated
with fraud or that the candidate participated in, or can be charged with knowledge
of, fraudulent activity.' Mattice u. Hammond, 131 AD3d 790 [3rd Dept. 2015], citing
Matter of VanSauage u. Jones, 120 AD3d 887, 888 [3 rd Dept. 2014]. Further, "[w]her e
a candidate is involved in the fraud, the challenger need not show that the fraud
permeated the entire petition." Mattice at 790. In Mattice, the Third Department
ruled that the candidate-subscribing witness signed the witness attestation that he
personally witnessed each signature, when he did not, constituted fraud and that,
regardless of the intent to deceive or defraud, all of the candidate-witness' petitions
were required to be invalidated. In contrast, the Jones case involved a single instance
where a petition was passed around at a pizza shop, while the candidate-wit ness was
distracted talking to another patron. The Third Department in Jones found that the
proof was lacking to show by clear and convincing evidence that the candidate-
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witness knowingly accepted fraudulen t signature s and did not "warrant invalidati ng
the entire designati ng petition." Jones at 888.
Here, the fact pattern presented mirrors Mattice, where the proof shows t hat
the candidate -witness permitted a single signature to be applied to the petition
outside of his presence and then swore that he personally witnessed such signature.
While it seems harsh to invalidate a n entire petition based on more than a thousand
signature s due to one fraudulen t one, "where a candidate's own knowledg e or
activities are at issue , candidate s arc held to a higher standard under the Election
Law than noncandi dates. Absent permeatio n with fraud, a designati ng petition may
be invalidate d where the candidate has participat ed in or is ch argeable with
nd Dept. 2012],
knowledg e of the fraud." Matter of Felder v. Storobin, 100 Ad3d 11 [2
citing Matter of Lavine v. Imbroto, 98 AD3d 620 [2 nd Dept. 2012]. Regardles s of t he
intent to defraud , a single instance of fraud by a candidate is sufficient to invalidate
rd Dept.
a designatin g petition. See, Matter of Burman v. Subedi, 172 AD3d 1882 [3
2019]. Petitione r has shown by clear and convincin g evidence, that Responde nt-
Candidate engaged in fraud, which require s that the designati ng petit ions for Mahan
for the public office of Saratoga County Sheriff as a candidate for t he Republica n
Party must be invalidate d.
According ly, the relief sought m Petitioner -Aggrieve d Candidat e Brown's
petition to invalidate the designati ng petitions of Responde nt-Candid ate Mahan is
granted and the Saratoga County Board of Elections shall be restrained from printing
and placing the name Ryan Mahan on the Republica n Party line on any official ballots
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of the primary and/or general election for the position of Saratoga County Sheriff.
This sha ll constitute t he Decision and Order of the Court. No costs arc awarded to
a ny par ty. The Court is hereby uploading the original Decision a nd Order into the
NYSCEF system for filing and e ntry by the County Clerk. Petitioner's counsel is still
responsible for serving notice of entry of this Decision a nd Orde r in accordance with
the Local Protocols for Electronic Filing for Saratoga County.
Signed at Ballston Spa, New York
this 29 t h day of April, 2025
Supreme Court Just ice
Papers reviewed and considered:
Verified Petition, filed on April 15, 2025, with Attorney Verification, Emerge ncy
Affirm ation and Exhibit A
Answer in a Special Proceeding on be half of Responde nt-Candidate, filed on April 23,
2025
Proof adduced at hearing conducted on April 25, 2025
Post-Hearing Memorandum on behalf of Re sponde nt-Candidate McCoy of Joel E.
Abelove, Esq., filed on April 27, 2025
Letter/Correspondence to Judge in further support of Responde nt -Candidate McCoy
of J oel E. Abelove, E sq., filed on April 28, 2025 wit h Exhibit
Post-Hearing Memora ndum Affirmation on beh alf of Petitioner-Aggrieved Candidate
Brown of John J . Ciampoli, Esq. , filed on April 28, 2025
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