Ziobro v. Milan House Inc.

Ziobro v Milan House Inc.

2025 NY Slip Op 31235(U)

April 11, 2025

Supreme Court, New York County

Docket Number: Index No. 154028/2017

Judge: Margaret A. Chan

Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip

Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York

State and local government sources, including the New

York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.

This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official

publication.

INDEX NO. 154028/2017

NYSCEF DOC. NO. 266 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/11/2025

SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

COUNTY OF NEW YORK: PART 49M

------------------------------- -----X

WITOLD ZIOBRO, MAGDALENA ZIOBRO, INDEX NO. 154028/2017

Plaintiffs, 02/16/2024,

02/14/2024,

- V- MOTION DATE 03/22/2024

MILAN HOUSE INC. and BROWN HARRIS STEVENS

RESIDENTIAL MANAGEMENT LLC, MOTION SEQ. NO. 003 004 005

Defendants.

DECISION+ ORDER ON

MOTION

------------------------------------------------------------ ----X

HON. MARGARET A. CHAN:

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 003) 167, 168, 169, 170,

171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190,

191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198,199,210,215,255

were read on this motion to/for SUMMARY JUDGMENT(AFTER JOINDER

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 004) 116, 117, 118, 119,

120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139,

140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145,166,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,20 9,211,213,220,

221,222,223,224,256

were read on this motion to/for SUMMARY JUDGMENT(AFTER JOINDER

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 005) 146, 147, 148, 149,

150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 212, 214, 216, 217,

218,219,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,23 4,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,

243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254

were read on this motion to/for JUDGMENT - SUMMARY

Plaintiff Witold Ziobro was injured on February 10, 2017, while working for

third-party defendant Manhattan Renovations, Inc. (Renovations) at 116 East 68

Street, New York, NY (the Building); a residential cooperative building owned by

defendant/third-party plaintiff Milan House, Inc. (Milan House) and managed by

defendant/third ·party plaintiff Brown Harris Stevens Residential Management

(Brown Harris). Plaintiff and his wife Magdalena Ziobro commenced this action

asserting causes of action under Labor Law§§ 200, 240(1), and 241(6) against Milan

House and Brown Harris (the Building defendants). The Building defendants

impleaded, in their second third-party action, Renovations, as well as Robert

Hodges Hackney Jr. (Hackney) and Shauna Holiman (Hackney and Holiman

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together, the Shareholders), owner of the apartment unit at issue, for common law

and contractual indemnification, contribution, and failure to procure insurance.

The Building defendants, in MS 005, moves under CPLR 3212 for summary

judgment dismissing plaintiffs claims, cross-claims, and counterclaims as against

them, which plaintiff opposes. The Building defendants also seek an order granting

their third·party claims for contractual defense and indemnification against the

Shareholders, and for contractual defense against Renovations. The Shareholders

move under CPLR 3212 in MS 003 for summary judgment against the Building

defendants dismissing the third ·party claims for contractual defense and

contractual indemnification as against them; and Renovations also move under

CPLR 3212 in MS 004 for summary judgment against the Building defendants

dismissing the contractual defense claim.

FACTS

The Shareholders purchased apartment 8B at 116 East 68th Street in April

2016. Before completely moving into the apartment, they wanted to renovate it; the

renovation work started in January 2017 (MS 003- NYSCEF # 189, Shareholders'

mol at I -preliminary statement). It is undisputed that the Shareholders hired

Renovations for the renovation job, and plaintiff worked for Renovations on this job

(MS005 · NYSCEF # 147, Bldg defendants' Statement of Undisputed Facts ,r,r 2,5).

On the date of plaintiffs accident, plaintiff, who was working under the

instructions and supervision of his supervisor at Renovations, was standing on the

building's service staircase and passing garbage bags of debris to a coworker up the

stairs. The debris fell out of or tore through the plastic bags and plaintiffs foot

slipped on the debris, which caused him to fall (id ,r,r 6·8). No staff member from

the Building defendants were involved with taking the bags of debris up the service

stairs (id. ,r 9). No one from the Building defendants provided tools or equipment to

plaintiff, and only Renovations gave plaintiff instructions (id ,r,r 11·12). Plaintiff

slipped on a pebble size debris that fell out of the bag onto the stairs; his right foot

had slipped off the step and landed down on the step below (id ,r,r 15·17).

As to the plastic garbage bags, according to Barbara Sloan, Renovations'

Operations Manager, the bags are 30 gallons, contractor grade, black plastic

garbage bags that Renovations provided (NYSCEF # 189, Sloan tr 12:2-4; 43:15-

44:11). And as for the debris, Renovations instructed its workers to keep the work

site clean and pick up any debris (id at 43:22-49:12). At this work site, Renovations'

workers worked with "Tommy," the building's porter, who complained about the

debris (id at 51:4-19). Sometimes, Renovations workers would borrow carts from

the building to remove the debris, but they do not borrow any materials (id at

53:14-18). The Shareholders neither supplied the garbage bags nor supervised

removal of the debris (id at 87=20·25).

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Plaintiff describes the route that he used to remove debris from Apt. SB on

February 10, 2017, and the removal of the debris from the building and his injury

(MS005 - NYSCEF # 246, pltfs opp at 6·16). Plaintiffs brief described the day as

snowy and complained about the building's rules on use of the service elevator (id

,r,r 115-120), the service stairs being wet from the snow and foot traffic (id ,r,r 50·

61), but ultimately "given the extent and pace of the work being performed,

[p]laintiff believed that debris from the various bags caused him to fall" (id ,r 111).

However, plaintiff argues that there are a "myriad questions of fact" about the

working conditions in which he had to work that resulted in his injury (id ,r 131).

DISCUSSION

All three motions seek summary judgment under CPLR 3212. On a motion

for summary judgment, evidence presented must be examined "in the light most

favorable to the non-moving party" (Schmidt v One New York Plaza Co. LLC, 153

AD3d 427, 428 [2017]). "It is well settled that 'the proponent of a summary

judgment inotion must make a prima facie showing of entitlement to judgment as a

matter of law, tendering sufficient evidence to demonstrate the absence of any

material issues of fact' " (Pullman v Silverman, 28 NY3d 1060, 1062 [2016],

quoting Alvarez v Prospect Hosp., 68 NY2d 320, 324 [1986]). "Failure to make such

showing requires denial of the motion, regardless of the sufficiency of the opposing

papers" ( Winegrad v New York Univ. Med Ctr., 64 NY2d 851, 853 [1985]).

If the moving party makes this initial showing, the burden shifts to the

opposing party to rebut the prima facie showing by producing evidentiary proof in

admissible form sufficient to require a trial of material issues of fact ( Cabrera v

Rodriguez, 72 AD3d 553, 553-554 [1st Dept 2010]). In the presence of a genuine

issue of material fact, a motion for summary judgment must be denied (see Rotuba

Extruders v Ceppos, 46 NY2d 223,231 [1978]; Grossman v Amalgamated Haus.

Corp., 298 AD2d 224, 226 [1st Dept 2002]).

Labor Law f 200

Labor Law § 200 "is a codification of the common law duty imposed upon an

owner or general contractor to provide construction site workers with a safe place to

work" (Singh v Black Diamonds LLC, 24 AD3d 138, 139 [1st Dept 2005]). Liability

under Labor Law § 200 may be based either upon (i) the means and method by

which the work is performed or (ii) actual or constructive notice of a dangerous

condition inherent in the premises (see McLeod v Corp. ofPresiding Bishop of

Church ofJesus Christ ofLatter Day Saints, 41 AD3d 796, 797 [2d Dept 2007]; see

also Mendoza v Highpoint Assoc., IX, LLC, 83 AD3d 1, 9 [1st Dept 2011]). A

defendant has constructive notice of a hazardous condition on property "when the

condition is visible and apparent and has existed for a sufficient length of time to

afford the defendant a reasonable opportunity to discover and remedy it" ( Griffi.n v

PMV Realty, LLC, 181 AD3d 912, 913 [2d Dept 2020]).

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Here, the Building defendants argue that they are not liable under Labor

Law§ 200 because they did not supervise plaintiffs work and they lacked actual or

constructive notice of the alleged dangerous condition. Plaintiff claims that given

the specific route he had to use to dispose of the bags of debris, the Building

defendants failed to provide him with a reasonably safe workplace. However, the

general working conditions, including the snowy weather, and the rules about using

service elevators did not cause plaintiffs injuries; rather, what caused his injury

was the debris that fell out of the construction garbage bag as he was passing it to

his coworker. And the Building defendants did not control the way the debris

removal was conducted. The Building defendants has made a prima facie showing

that they are not liable under Labor Law § 200; plaintiff has not presented a

genuine issue of fact. Thus, plaintiffs Labor Law § 200 is dismissed.

Labor Law f 240 (J)

Labor Law§ 240 (1) imposes an absolute and nondelegable duty on owners

and contractors to provide certain safety devices, such as "scaffolding, hoists, stays,

ladders" to protect a person performing labor work "in the erection, demolition,

repairing, altering . . . of a building or structure" (Labor Law § 240 [I]). This

statute "was designed to prevent those types of accidents in which ... protective

device proved inadequate to 'shield the injured worker from harm directly flowing

from the application of the force of gravity to an object or person" (John v

Baharestani, 281 AD2d 114, 118 [1st Dept 2001] [internal quotation and citation

omitted]). Application of Labor Law§ 240 (1) is limited to "specific gravity-related

accidents [such] as falling from a height or being struck by a falling object that was

improperly hoisted or inadequately secured" (Ross v Curtis-Palmer Hydro-Electric

Co., 81 NY2d 494, 500·501 (1993] [internal quotation and citation omitted]).

Here, plaintiffs accident occurred on a permanent staircase in which

plaintiffs foot slipped down to the step below. While the accident involves a step in

a staircase, it does not implicate the protections that the statute encompasses. In

other words, Labor Law§ 240 (1) does not apply unless the injury is "directly

attributable to a risk posed by a physically significant elevation differential"

(Runner v New York Stock Exch., Inc., 13 NY3d 599, 605 (2009]). Slipping down one

step in a permanent staircase does not involve a "physically significant elevation

differential." Further, as the Building defendants point out, the permanent

staircase is not a scaffold, ladder, hoist or other devices encompassed in the statute

(NYSCEF # 148 at 5 citing Lombardo v Park Tower Mgt, Ltd, 76 AD3d 497 [1st

Dept 2010] [finding that the three-foot permanent stairway was not a safety device

or a temporary stairway to protect workers from an elevated risk under§ 240 (1)

and Ryan v Morse Diesel, Inc., 98 AD2d 615 [1st Dept 1983] [stating that a

permanent stairway used as a passageway is not under the purview of§ 240 (I)]).

Plaintiff does not address his Labor Law § 240 (1) claim in his opposition.

Plaintiffs Labor Law i§ 240 (1) claim ·is dismissed as inapplicable.

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LaborLaw~241 (6)

Labor Law§ 241 (6) imposes a nondelegable duty on owners and contractors

to comply with specific safety rules which have been set forth in the Industrial Code

(see St. Louis v Town ofN. Elba, 16 NY3d 411, 413 [2011]). To demonstrate liability

under Labor Law § 241 (6), "[t]he particular [Industrial Code] provision relied upon

by a plaintiff must mandate compliance with concrete specifications and not simply

declare general safety standards" (Misicki v Caradonna, 12 NY3d 511, 515 [2009]).

Although plaintiff lists a series of Industrial Code sections in his complaint,

his opposition to the building defendants' motion brings up only sections 23·1.7[d],

23·1.7[e][l], and 23·1.7[e][2] pertaining to slippery conditions and tripping hazards

in passageways and work areas. Plaintiff is deemed to have abandoned his claims

under those Code sections not mentioned in his opposition.

Plaintiff argues that issues of fact concerning the hazardous condition in the

area in which he worked, which was controlled by the Building defendants,

forecloses summary judgment in the Building defendants' favor (NYSCEF # 246 -

pltfs opp ,r,r 136·139). Plaintiff claims that his accident was a result of a

"combination of both debris and water on the service stairs" and questions "whether

the presence of water augmented the condition debris to make them slicker and

more susceptible to an accident" (id. ,r 138). "[Pllaintiff noted that he slipped and

fell on a wet surface via contemporaneous medical records following the accident (id

,r 112 citing "Ex.2 at P.196"). 1 And plaintiff never saw the building staff cleaning

the snow or salting the area while he worked there (id ,r 113).

The Building defendants counter that when asked "what caused you to fall?"

plaintiff testified "[t]he debris from the bag" (NYSCEF # 254 - Bldg deft's reply ,r 10

quoting from NYSCEF # 157 · pltfs tr dated 5/23/22 at 160:16·18). A further

question on whether plaintiff fell on something else also yielded a response from

plaintiff that he fell on debris:

"Q. Did you slip on any water or moisture or snow or only on debris?

[There was an objection to form, and the question was withdrawn and

rephrased.]

Q. Did you slip on anything else other than the debris that you just

mentioned as far as you know?

A. I know debris. That there was debris falling out of the bags.

Q. Is that where you believe the debris tearing through and falling out

of the bags as you were passing them up?

A. Yes.

1

There is no Ex. 2 or such medical record accompanying plaintiff's opposition, and a review of all the submitted

documents did not reveal Ex. 2.

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Q. Is that where you believe the debris came from that you slipped on?

A. Yes."

(see Bldg deft's reply ,r 9 quoting from NYSCEF # 156, pltf s tr dated 6/19/19 at

68:13·69:6). The Building defendants also point out that the medical record that

noted plaintiffs claim of falling on a wet surface was not contemporaneous as

plaintiff represents; it was made over four months after the accident (id ,r 15).

The Building defendants conclude that the debris on which plaintiff slipped

fell out of the bag that he was passing to another worker. That debris was integral

to the renovation job done at Apartment SB. Further, citing Ruisech v Structure

Tone, Inc. (208 AD3d 412 [1st Dept 2022]), the Building defendants argue that the

debris, which plaintiff had described as the size of a pebble or smaller, is not the

type of substance contemplated in§ 23·1.7(d) of the Code (id at 414 [dismissing

Labor Law§ 241(6) where the floor was not in a 'slippery condition' nor were the

pebbles a 'foreign substance which may cause slippery footing' within the meaning

of Industrial Code § 23· l. 7(d)"])

As in Ruisech, there was no evidence that the step or stairs was wet from the

snow, ice, or water accumulation. While the complaints appear in plaintiffs

opposition papers, they were made by plaintiffs counsel and unsupported by any

evidence. Plaintiffs own testimony made clear that neither snow nor rain caused or

attributed to his fall. This wet condition raised in by counsel in plaintiffs opposition

papers is not evidence. And while plaintiffs counsel makes much ado about the

snow and icy conditions with no efforts to clear them by the building staff, plaintiffs

own photograph of the stairway shows not even one snowflake (see NYSCEF # 249

- pltfs exh 10). The Building defendants has made a prima facie showing that they

cannot be held liable under Labor Law§ 241(6).

Plaintiff attempts to create an issue of fact. As to the 'contemporaneous'

medical record noting the fall was due to a wet surface (even assuming it were true

absent a review of the record as it cannot be located), this allegation raised by

plaintiffs attorney in the opposition brief only shows a contradiction in plaintiffs

own testimony. Plaintiffs own contradiction does not create a triable issue of fact.

Thus, plaintiffs Labor Law§ 241(6) claim is dismissed .

.CONCLUSION

In sum, the Building defendants have presented a prima facie case that they

are not liable under Labor Law§§ 200, 240(1), and 241(6). Plaintiff has failed to

raise a triable issue of fact. Accordingly, the Building defendants' motion for

summary judgment against plaintiff is granted, and the complaint is dismissed.

With the dismissal of the complaint, the separate motions by the

Shareholders (MS 003) and Renovations (MS 004) for summary judgment

dismissing the third-party claims for indemnification, contribution, and failure to

procure insurance are moot. The second third-party complaint, cross-claims and

counterclaims are likewise dismissed.

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Accordingly, it is

ORDERED that defendants Milan House Inc. and Brown Harris Stevens

Residential Management LLC's motion for summary judgment dismissing plaintiffs

Witold Ziobro and Magdalena Ziobro's complaint (MS 005) is granted; and it is

further

ORDERED that the second third-party complaint by plaintiffs Milan House

Inc. and Brown Harris Stevens Residential Management LLC against second third·

party defendants Robert Hodges Hackney Jr., Shauna Holiman, and Manhattan

Renovations, Inc. and all the cross-claims and counterclaims are dismissed; and it is

further

ORDERED that the separate motions for summary judgment by second

third-party defendants Robert Hodges Hackney Jr. and Shauna Holiman (MS 003)

Manhattan Renovations (MS 004) are denied as moot; and it is further

ORDERED that counsel for defendants Milan House Inc. shall serve a copy of

this Decision and Order, with notice of entry, to the Clerk of the Court and to all

parties within 20 days with the date of this order.

This constitutes the Decision and Order of the court.

4/11/2025

DATE MARGARET A. CHAN, J.S.C.

~

CHECK ONE: CASE DISPOSED NON-FINAL DISPOSITION

GRANTED □ DENIED GRANTED IN PART □ OTHER

APPLICATION: SETTLE ORDER SUBMIT ORDER

CHECK IF APPROPRIATE: INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT □ REFERENCE

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