Wasserman v. City of New York

Wasserman v City of New York

2025 NY Slip Op 30852(U)

March 17, 2025

Supreme Court, Kings County

Docket Number: Index No. 511025/2018

Judge: Ingrid Joseph

Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip

Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York

State and local government sources, including the New

York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.

This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official

publication.

FILED: KINGS COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2025 03:32 PM INDEX NO. 511025/2018

NYSCEF DOC. NO. 220 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2025

At an IAS Tenn, Part 83, of the Supreme

Court of the State of New York, held in and

for the County of Kings, at the Courthouse,

at 360 Adams Street, Brooklyn, New York,

on the .[J-tf!Kay of March, 2025.

PRESENT:

HON. INGRID JOSEPH,

Justice.

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MICHELLE w ASSERMAN, as Administrator of the

Estate of SALVATORE BARBELLA, Deceased,

DECISION AND ORDER

Plaintiff,

-against- Index No. 511025/2018

Mot. Seq.Nos.4-6

THE CITY OF NEW YORK, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION,

and MILL BASIN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTORS, LLC,

Defendants.

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The following e-filed papers read herein: NYSCEF ·Doc Nos.:

Notice of Motion, Affidavits (Affirmations) Annexed._ _ __ 100-127; 137-145; 158-187

Opposing Affidavits (Affirmations)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 146-157; 192-199

Affidavits/ Affirmations in Reply _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 188; 201-203; 204-209

In this action to recover damages for personal injuries sustained in a single-car accident

with a stationary object, plaintiff Michelle Wasserman, as the administrator of the estate of

Salvatore Barbella, deceased ("plaintiff'), moves (or cross-moves, as applicable), and defendants

the City of New York ("City"), the City of New York sued herein as Department of

Transportation ("NYCDOT"), and Mill Basin Bridge Constructors, LLC ("MBC" and

collectively with City and NYCDOT, "defendants") jointly move for the following relief: 2

In Seq. No. 4, plaintiff moves for: (1) an order, pursuant to CPLR 3212, granting her

partial summary judgment on the issue of liability against all defendants; and (2) leave, pursuant

1 The caption, as set forth herein, reflects the recent amendment pursuant to the so-ordered Stipulation to Amend

Caption, dated October 11, 2024 (Fisher, J.), to reflect the intervening passing of original plaintiff Salvatore Barbella

from unrelated causes in December 2023 at the age of 48.

2 To maintain continuity of discussion, the Court rearranged the order of motions/cross-motion and the relief

requested therein.

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to CPLR 3025, to further amend her complaint to add a separate cause of action for gross

negligence and a demand for punitive damages against MBC; 3

In Seq. No. 6, plaintiff cross-moves for an order, pursuant to CPLR 3126, striking

defendants' joint answer, 4 precluding them from producing any evidence on the issue of liability

at trial, and granting her related relief; and

In Seq. No. 5, defendants move, in relevant part, for an order: (1) pursuant to CPLR 2004

and 22 NYCRR 202.21 (e), vacating plaintiffs Note oflssue, dated October 28, 2022 (NYSCEF

Doc No. 135), on the basis of her alleged failure to provide discovery; (2) pursuant to CPLR

2201, staying the trial of this matter until completion of outstanding discovery; and (3) pursuant

to CPLR 2004 and 3212 (a), extending defendants' time to move for summary judgment until 60

days after completion of discovery. 5

In the early morning of Friday, January 5, 2018, plaintiff's decedent, Salvatore Barbella

("Barbella"), was driving to work in his 2016 Ford Explorer (the "SUV") for the start of his

6:30 a.m. shift at the JFK airport. Barbella was driving eastbound on the Belt Parkway at

approximately 40 miles per hour. The headlights and lower lights of his SUV were on. The

traffic was light; the weather was cold; and it was not raining or snowing.

As Barbella "was driving [his SUV] in the left lane [of the eastbound Belt Parkway and

was] coming around the bend, [he observed] no lights [in the eastbound Belt Parkway]. It was

dark. [Suddenly, his SUV was] impaled on [the edge of] a concrete barrier. It wasn't lit up, that

whole area [of the road]." 6 As Barbella elaborated in his pretrial testimony, "[i]t was dark in that

area [of eastbound Belt Parkway]. I made the [right] turn. There [were] no clear lane markings or

nothing like that when I was making the turn. It was dark. There were no lights over there. Lo{}

and behold£] I hit a concrete barrier that should have been lit up." 7 Although Barbella observed

the "[white lane] markings" on the eastbound Belt Parkway in the area preceding the place of the

accident, "there [were] no [lane] markings, there [were] no visible lanes or [any]thing [in the

place of the accident]. It's just a bad area. Dangerous." 8 The concrete barrier [or the median

3 The operative pleading is the Amended Complaint, dated July 3, 2018 (NYSCEF Doc No. 7).

4 The operative pleading MBC 's Verified Answer to Amended Complaint, dated December 4, 2018 (NYSCEF Doc

Nos. 37 and 106). Although no answer on behalf of the other defendants appears in thee-filed records for this action,

the same counsel represents all three defendants.

5 Defendants' additional request in Seq. No. 5 to conduct an IME of the original plaintiff has been

rendered moot by

his subsequent death from unrelated causes.

6 Barbella's EBT transcript, page 58, lines 16-22; page 61, line 24 to page 62, lines 4 and 14-18;

page 63, lines 22-

24.

7 Barbella's EBTtranscript, page 59, lines 13-21; page 61, lines 11-18 (emphasis added).

8 Barbe Ila's EBT transcript, page 60, lines 6-10 and 16-18.

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divider] which Barbella struck with his SUV was close to the left eastbound lane in which he

was traveling because it was separating or in his words "splitting" the left lane from the other

lanes. 9 There were no "cones" or "sand barrels" leading up to the place of the accident, nor in

front of or before the concrete barrier/divider at issue. 10

The responding highway patrol officer, Justine DeSimone ("Highway PO DeSimone"),

corroborated Barbella' s description of the place of the accident. Highway PO DeSimone testified

that, on his arrival at the place of the accident, he observed that Barbella's SUV had struck "the

end of a concrete median that was separating the left and center lanes," and that "there [were] no

lane markings, signs or warnings to indicate the sudden lane separation on roadway." 11 Highway

PO DeSimone further testified that the "lighting at the time ... was poor. [The accident scene]

was not very well lit." 12 Highway PO DeSimone described the place of the accident as "an active

construction zone," without any "lane markings" and without any "sand barrels ... leading up to

the median in the days prior to" 13 Barbella's accident." 14

The Court will first turn to plaintiffs motion seeking partial summary judgment on the

issue of liability (Seq. No. 4)."A plaintiff in a negligence action moving for summary judgment

on the issue of liability must establish, prima facie, that the defendant breached a duty owed to

the plaintiff and that the defendant's negligence was a proximate cause of the alleged injuries"

(Tsyganash v Auto Mall Fleet Mgt., Inc., 163 AD3d 1033, 1033-1034 [2d Dept 2018]). "To be

entitled to partial summary judgment[,] a plaintiff does not bear the .. . burden of establishing ..

. the absence of his or her own comparative fault" (Rodriguez v City of New York, 31 NY3d 312,

324-325 [2018]).

In support of this branch of her motion, plaintiff submitted, among other documents, the

report of her expert engineer, Joseph J. McHugh, P .E. ("plaintiffs expert engineer"), as well as

9 Barbella's EBT transcript, page 65, lines 12-23.

10 Barbe Ila's EBT transcript, page 70, lines 2-11; page 77, lines 9-17.

11 DeSimone's EBT transcript, page 23, line 10 to page 25, line 17; page 32, lines 18-21 ("[U]p

to that concrete

median [which Barbella's SUV struck,] there was nothing . . . there [meaning, no lane markings, whether faded or

not].").

12 DeSimone's EBT transcript, page 30, lines 5-9.

13 DeSimone's EBT transcript, page 32, line 22 to page 33, line 9; page 41, lines 17-20.

14 Approximately five hours before Barbella's accident, another driver, Abraham Steier

("Steier"), had struck the

same (or nearly the same) barrier/divider with his vehicle, likewise in the eastbound area of Belt Parkway. Steier's

personal injury action against defendants is pending before Justice Joy F. Campanelli under index No. 511027/l 8

(the "related action"). By short-form order, dated July 19, 2023, Justice Campanelli denied (without explanation) the

branch of Steier's motion which was for partial summary judgment on the issue of liability in the related action

(NYSCEF Doc No. 176 in the related action). Justice Campanelli's denial of Steier's motion for partial summary

judgment on the issue of liability in the related action has no significance on the Court's determination of liability in

this action.

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the pretrial testimony of Barbella and DeSimone. Plaintiffs expert engineer opined, "[w]ithin the

bounds ofreasonable engineering and technical certainty," that MBC and/or NYCDOT caused or

contributed to causing Barbella's accident by failing to take proper precautions to protect

motorists, particularly when no construction work was being performed in the early morning

hours, from colliding with the concrete barrier/median that had been placed at, near, or close to

the center of the eastbound section of Belt Parkway in which Barbella was traveling at the time

of his accident. 15 As Barbella testified at his pretrial deposition, and as Highway PO DeSimone

corroborated at the latter's pretrial deposition, as the eastbound Belt Parkway was curving to the

right, there were no lane markings, no signs, no lights, no sand drums or other impact-reducing

barriers, and no reflectors to warn Barbella, at the time and place of this accident, of the

uncommon upcoming danger - a sudden lane separation of the eastbound Belt Parkway by

a concrete barrier/median that was both unprotected and unlit (see Pellegrino v State, 121 AD2d

612, 613 [2d Dept 1986]; see also Hicks v State, 4 NY2d 1, 7 [1958] [collecting authorities];

Canepa v State, 306 NY 272, 277 [1954]; Petty v Dumont, 77 AD3d 466, 467 [1st Dept 2010];

Gneco v City of New York, 25 AD3d 355, 357 [1st Dept 2006]). Equally important, Barbella's

accident was not an occurrence in which the evidence as to what caused his SUV to strike the

barrier/median was lacking, nor was it an occurrence where the accident would have happened

even if defendants had not been negligent (see Humphrey v State, 90 AD2d 901, 902 [3d Dept

1982], ajfd 60 NY2d 742 [1983]).

In opposition, defendants' submissions failed to raise a triable issue of fact. The affidavit

of defendants' expert engineer Kristopher J. Seluga, M.E., P.E. ("defendants' expert engineer"),

attempts to manufacture feigned issues of fact as to: (1) whether any "temporary traffic control

devices" were present near the scene of the accident, notwithstanding the deposition testimony of

both Barbella and Highway PO DeSimone (collectively, the "accident-scene eyewitnesses") that

there were none at the time and place of the accident; (2) the condition of "lighting" at the scene

of the accident, even though the accident-scene eyewitnesses consistently testified that the

lighting was poor at the time and place of the accident; (3) whether any "lane markings" were

present at the scene of the accident (again, the accident-scene eyewitnesses both testified that

there were no lane markings whatsoever at the time and place of the accident); and (4) whether

any "sand drum arrays" were presented at or near the scene of the accident, even though the

15 Plaintiff's expert engineer summarized his findings at the unnumbered pages IO and 11 of his report, dated

February 3, 2022 (part ofNYSCEF Doc No. 108).

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accident-scene eyewitnesses both testified that there were no sand drum arrays or any other

impact-reducing barrels at the time and place of the accident. 16

The opinion of defendants' expert engineer that defendants complied with the

Maintenance and Protection of Traffic Standards is belied by Barbella's undisputed testimony

that on a weekday morning at 4:30 a.m., his SUV struck an unmarked, unlit concrete

barrier/median which, essentially, had been placed - and had been permitted to remain as a

hidden danger - in the middle of a highway. 17

Defendants' expert engineer's position (in ,r,r 82-83 of his report) that the concrete

median/barrier at issue: (1) "was not a temporary traffic barrier but was instead a section of the

partially built[,] permanent median barrier that would eventually separate eastbound and

westbound traffic on the completed roadway," and (2) "was not being used as a channeling

device but simply separated the left and center eastbound lanes," is completely irrelevant. What

matters is that the concrete barrier/median at issue represented an uncommon danger to motorists

like Barbella who were driving around the immediately preceding right turn. Also inapposite is

defendants' expert engineer's opinion (in ,r 84 of his report) that the project photographs "do not

substantiate ... Barbella's testimony that the collision occurred at a right 'bend' in the road."

Whether the accident happened at a right bend or immediately after the right bend does not

change the fact that the unmarked, unlit concrete barrier/median at issue was a hidden danger to

passing motorists. Defendants' expert engineer's reliance (in ,r 86 of his report) on the

photographs of the accident scene, taken two weeks before the accident, depicting "traffic drums,

sand barrels/crash attenuators, lane markings, a lane split sign, and overhead lights," does not

affect the outcome. It is the time and place of the accident (January 5, 2018 at 4:30 a.m.) that

matter, rather than what is depicted in the two-week-old photographs. 18

Next, although MBC's deadline for completing repairs to the sand drum arrays had not

yet expired by the date/time of the accident (1 90 of his report), this has no relevance here.

Lastly, while the Daily Work Reports and the Engineer's Daily Project Diary may have appeared

satisfactory on paper to defendants' expert engineer (in ,r,r 105-106 of his report), road protection

and safety are ultimately human systems, subject to human error. One such error or a

16 Defendants' Expert Engineer's Report, dated December 17, 2022, ,r,r 49-71 (NYSCEF Doc No. 147).

17 Defendants' Expert Engineer's Report, ,r,r 72-81.

18 Further unavailing is defendants' reliance on the affidavit of Laborer Justin Jiskra, dated

August 21, 2019,

explaining how a "sand drum array," typically involving 13 barrels, is assembled, placed, and repaired (NYSCEF

Doc No. 150). The accident-scene eyewitnesses both testified that there was not a single drum or barrel (let alone an

array) at the time and place ofBarbella's accident.

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combination of such errors proximately caused Barbella's accident. 19 Accordingly, the branch of

plaintiffs motion for summary judgment on the issue of liability as against defendants is

granted.

The Court next turns to the portion of plaintiffs motion seeking leave to amend the

complaint to plead gross negligence against MBC. As a general rule, leave to amend a pleading

is freely granted so long as the proposed amendment does not cause "unfair[] prejudice or

surprise [to] the opposing party, or is palpably insufficient or patently devoid of merit" (Cussick

v R.L. Baxter Bldg. Corp., 228 AD3d 614, 616 [2d Dept 2024] [internal quotation marks

omitted]). "To constitute gross negligence, a party's conduct must smack of intentional

wrongdoing or evince a reckless indifference to the rights of others" (Skywest, Inc. v Ground

Handling, Inc., 150 AD3d 922, 923 [2d Dept 2017] [internal quotation marks omitted]). Such

conduct is "wanton or malicious or activated by evil or reprehensible motives" (Anzalone v Long

Is. Care Ctr., Inc., 26 AD3d 449, 451 [2d Dept 2006] [internal quotation marks omitted]).

Moreover, "[p]unitive damages have been described as a hybrid between a display of ethical

indignation and the imposition of a criminal fine, and reflect the community's condemnation of

one who wilfully [sic] causes hurt or injury to another" (Gomez v Cabatic, 159 AD3d 62, 72 [2d

Dept 2018] [internal quotation marks omitted]).

Here, nothing in the record suggests any facts constituting willful misconduct or gross

negligence on the part of MBC. Leave to amend to plead gross negligence and punitive damages

against MBC is denied as devoid of merit (see Skywest, Inc. v Ground Handling, Inc., 150 AD3d

922, 924 [2d Dept 2017]; Jones v LeFrance Leasing LP, 127 AD3d 819, 821 [2d Dept 2015]).

The Court will now discuss plaintiffs cross-motion for sanctions pursuant to CPLR 3126

(Seq. No. 6). Plaintiff cross-moves for an order striking defendants' answer, precluding them

from offering evidence on the issue of liability, and granting her related relief. Plaintiffs cross-

motion must be denied in its entirety because she waived her objection to defendants' alleged

failure to meet their disclosure obligations by cross-moving for such relief two months after she

filed the note of issue and certificate of readiness (see J.H v City of New York, 170 AD3d 816,

19 As Labor Foreman Michael Curley averred in his affidavit, dated August 21,

2019, "[w]hen I reported for work on

Friday 1/5/2018[,] I was told by [site superintendent] Pete Milano that additional barrels had been hit by vehicle

traffic[,] and we repeated this procedure [of replacing the barrels]. This is common for a roadwork project site and

it's usually caused by driver stupidity. In general, we were called to do this work about once per week on different

areas of this project site" (NYSCEF Doc No. 149) (emphasis added). Because the damaged or missing "barrels,

drums, etc." were common in the area of Belt Parkway then under construction, motorists' road safety required a

correspondingly heightened level of care.

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818 [2d Dept 2019]; Iscowitz v County of Suffolk, 54 AD3d 725 [2d Dept 2008]; cf Nationstar

Mtge., LLC v Jackson, 192 AD3d 813, 816 [2d Dept 2021 ]).

In light of the Court's granting of partial summary judgment on the issue of liability, to

plaintiff, defendants' motion for an order vacating the note of issue, extending their time to move

for summary judgment, and granting them related relief (Seq No. 5) is denied as moot.

Accordingly, it is hereby

ORDERED that in Seq. No. 4, the branch of plaintiffs motion which is for partial

summary judgment on the issue of liability is granted, and the remainder of her motion which is

for leave to amend is denied; and it is further

ORDERED that in Seq. No. 6, plaintiffs cross-motion for an order striking defendants'

answer, precluding them from offering evidence on the issue of liability, and granting them

related relief is denied in its entirety; and it is further

ORDERED that in Seq. No. 5, defendants' motion for an order vacating the note of

issue, extending their time to move for summary judgment, and granting them related relief is

denied in its entirety as moot; and it is further

ORDERED that plaintiff's counsel is directed to electronically serve a copy of this

decision and order with notice of entry on defendants' counsel and to electronically file an

affidavit of service thereof with the Kings County Clerk.

The foregoing constitutes the decision and order of the court.

Hon. Ingrid seph, J.S.C.

.. tfon. lnQrid Joeeph .

. ·...· tourt Justice

SUpram8

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