The opinion
STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT
SAGADAHOC, ss. CIVIL ACTION
DOCKET NO. CV-19-33
STEVEN W. LACKIE, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) ORDER ON LANE CONSTRUCTON
) CORPORATION MOTION FOR
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ) SUMMARY JUDGMENT
TRANSPORTATION, et al. )
)
Defendant )
)
)
The matter before the court is defendant Lane Construction Corporation's Motion
for Summary Judgment ("Lane Construction"). Lane Construction has moved for
Summary Judgment as to its own liability on Plaintiff Steven Lackie's single count
complaint. For the following reasons, the motion is GRANTED.
BACKGROUND
On July 16, 2018, Steven Lackie was injured in a motorcycle crash on River Road
in Woolwich, Maine. (Pl.'s Reply S.M.F. <JI 1.) The accident occurred at the site of road
paving operations on River Road. (Id. <JI 2.) Mr. Lackie alleges that he crested a hill that
obstructed his view of the site and due to inadequate warnings and signage he was
unaware of the site's presence until it was too late for him to safely stop. (Id. <JI<JI 3-4.) Mr.
Lackie crashed his motorcycle as he tried to avoid the site, sustaining injuries. (Id. <JI 4.)
Mr. Lackie's complaint alleges one count against six defendants: the Maine
Department of Transportation (the "DOT"), the State of Maine, Future Agency LLC,
Kleinfelder Construction Services, Inc., Hagar Enterprises, Inc, and the defendant that
filed the Motion for Summary Judgment now before the court, Lane Construction.
1
The complaint alleges that all of the defendants:
controlled - or shared control - of the Construction Site, and assumed a
duty to protect members of the public from foreseeable dangers associated
with or arising from performance of work on the Construction Site.
(Compl. <[ 10.) The complaint alleges that all defendants breached this duty by failing to
reasonably warn southbound motorists about the ongoing construction until it was too
late to avoid it. (Compl. 91 12.)
Lane Construction moved for summary judgment contending two things: first,
Lane Construction was not present at the construction site in any capacity and thus never
exercised control over the site, and second, that the DOT and its flagging contractor
assumed complete responsibility for traffic safety at the construction site.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Summary judgment is granted to a moving party where "there is no genuine issue
as to any material fact" and the moving party "is entitled to judgment as a matter of law."
M.R. Civ. P. 56(c). "A material fact is one that can affect the outcome of the case, and
there is a genuine issue when there is sufficient evidence for a fact-finder to choose
between competing versions of the fact." Lougee Conservancy v. City Mortgage, Inc., 2012
ME 103, <J[ 11, 48 A.3d 774 (quotation omitted). "Facts contained in a supporting or
opposing statement of material facts, if supported by record citations as required by this
rule, shall be deemed admitted unless properly controverted." M.R. Civ. P. 56(h)(4). In
order to controvert an opposing party's factual statement, a party must "support each
denial or qualification by a record citation." M.R. Civ. P. 56(h)(2). Assertion of material
facts must be supported by record references to evidence that is of a quality that would
be admissible at trial." HSBC Mortg. Servs. v. Murphy, 2011 ME 59, <J[ 9, 19 A.3d 815.
2
DISCUSSION
Mr. Lackie argues that his claims against Lane Construction survive summary
judgment because Lane Construction had a duty to be present at the site to ensure safety.
Mr. Lackie finds this duty in Lane Construction's contract with the DOT 1 and in the
common law duty that craftsmen who undertake to render services owe a duty to exercise
the degree of skill, care and diligence exercised by members of that profession and
generic common law negligence. See Rowe v. Bennett, 514 A.2d 802,804 (Me. 1986). Lane
Construction responds by arguing that Mr. Lackie's complaint does not allege that Lane
Construction had a duty under any contract, it only alleges that all defendants assumed
a duty of care due to common control of the construction site. Further, Lane Construction
argues that the law of negligence does not apply to any duties under the contract and that
it is undisputed as a matter of fact that all responsibility for safety at the construction cite
was assumed by the DOT and its subcontractors.
Lane Construction correctly notes that Mr. Lackie's opposition to the motion for
summary judgment characterizes his claim differently than the First Amended
Complaint. Mr. Lackie argues in his opposition that Lane Construction should have been
present at the site to provide for safety, but this is not what is alleged in the complaint.
The complaint only alleges that Lane Construction, along with all other defendants
controlled or shared control of the construction site and thereby assumed a duty to
protect members of the public from reasonably foreseeable dangers arising out of the
work on the site. (Compl. <n: 10.) The complaint does not mention Lane Construction's
1 Mr. Lackie also claims that OSHA regulations place the btrrden of providing for safety at the
construction cite on Lane Construction on the general contractor, but Mr. Lackie's purpor ted
expert affidavit supporting this assertion acknowledges that the scope of thi duty is set by Lane
Construction's contract with the DOT. Therefor , the prim ary issu remains Lane Construction's
duties under its contract with the DOT.
3
contract with the State and the undisputed facts show that Lane Construction never had
a physical presence on the site.
Maine's notice pleading standard does not demand much of a plaintiff, only that
the complaint "describe the essence of claim and allege facts sufficient to demonstrate
that the complaining party has been injured in a way that entitles him or her to relief."
Johnston v. Me. Energy Recovery Co., 2010 ME 52, 'IT 16,997 A.2d 741. Though this standard
is forgiving, it does not allow a party to shift his cause of action at any stage of
proceedings. Burns v. Architechtural Doors & Windows, 2011 ME 61, 'IT 21, 19 A.3d 823.
"Although an initial pleading may be presented in general terms, certainly by the time
the parties are addressing a motion for summary judgment, a plaintiff must be prepared
to clearly identify the asserted cause or causes of action and the elements of each claim."
Id. Mr. Lackie's amended complaint clearly alleges that a duty arose from defendants'
collective control of the construction site, not that Lane Construction had a specific duty
under its contract with the DOT. Lane Construction had no physical presence at the site.
Thus, as plead, the undisputed facts do not generate an issue of material fact as to Mr.
Lackie' s claim against Lane Construction.
Even if court were to allow Mr. Lackie to shift the essence of his claim against Lane
Construction at this stage of proceedings without amending his complaint, Mr. Lackie's
claim still fails. The question of duty is a legal matter decided by the court. Brown v. Delta
Tau Delta, 2015 ME 75, 'IT 9, 118 A.3d 789. Lane Construction's duty, if any, must have
arisen from the terms of Lane Construction's contract with the DOT. 2
2
Mr. Lackie's common law negligence argument is also contingent on Lane Construction's
contractual duties. The undisputed facts are that Lane Construction did not conduct any
activities on site. To support an inference that Lane Construction sh ttl.d have exercised con trol
of the construction cite to ensure roadway safety, Lane Construction would h a ve to have assumed
that responsibility as the general contractor.
4
Mr. Lackie avers that Lane Construction's contract with the DOT incorporated a
document called the Standard Specifications Revision of November 2014. (Add. S.M.F. <JI
10.) With the Specifications incorporated into the contract, Lane Construction would
assume liability for any unsafe conditions caused by the failure of its subcontractors to
perform the work in conformance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
(MUTCD). 3 However, the contract also incorporates a document titled "Special Provision
Section 401." (Def.'s Ex. 10; Hall Aff. <JI 16.) This document specifically states "The
MaineDOT will provide all necessary traffic control devices, flaggers and sweeping
operations; unless otherwise provided for in the Contract Documents." (Hall Aff. Ex. D
6.)
When interpreting a contract, Maine courts look to the whole instrument and aim
to "give force and effect to all of its provisions and not in a way that renders any of its
provisions meaningless." Am. Prat. Ins. Co. v. Acadia Ins. Co., 2003 ME 6, <JI 12, 814 A.2d
989 (quotation omitted). Here, while the Standard Specifications, read in isolation, would
impose a general duty for road safety on Lane Construction, the more specific clause
incorporated into the contract specifically states that the DOT is retaining responsibility
for traffic control. Even if the court found this to be a contradiction that renders the
contract language ambiguous, which it does not, Mr. Lackie has produced no evidence
that suggests the parties' intent was for Lane Construction to assume responsibility for
traffic control at the Construction Site. 4 Lane Construction, on the other hand, has
3
The MUTCD sets standards for effective traffic control. The nature of these standards and
whether they were met in the present case is outside the scope of this motion for summary
judgment.
4 Mr. Lackie's only evidence to this effect are conclusory statements of expert witnesses, none of
which concern the specific content of the contract between Lane Construction and the DOT.
5
produced several pieces of evidence indicating that the intent was always for the DOT to
retain responsibility for traffic safety. (See, e.g., Hall Aff.)
The contract between Lane Construction and the DOT does not impose any duty
on Lane Construction to provide for traffic safety. Therefore, even Mr. Lackie's modified
claim against Lane Construction does not generate an issue of material fact.
CONCLUSION
Lane Construction's Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED.
The Clerk is directed to enter this order into the docket by reference pursuant to
M.R. Civ. P. 79(a).
DATED: February 1, 2022
aniel I. Billings, Justice
Maine Superior Court
6
STEVEN W LACKIE - PLAINTIFF SUPERIOR COURT
970 GARDINER ROAD SAGADAHOC, ss.
WISCASSET ME 04578 Docket No BATSC-CV-2019-00033
Attorney for: STEVEN W LACKIE
WILLIAM C HERBERT III - RETAINED
HARDY WOLF & DOWNING DOCKET RECORD
PO BOX 3065
186 LISBON STREET
LEWISTON ME 04243-3065
VS
FUTURE AGENCY LLC - DEFENDANT
Attorney for: FUTURE AGENCY LLC
JOHN WHITMAN - RETAINED
RICHARDSON WHITMAN LARGE & BADGER
PO BOX 9545
PORTLAND ME 04112-9545
Attorney for: FUTURE AGENCY LLC
FREDERICK COSTLOW - RETAINED
RICHARDSON WHITMAN LARGE & BADGER
ONE MERCHANTS PLAZA, SUITE 603
PO BOX 2429
BANGOR ME 04402-2429
THE LANE CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION - DEFENDANT
Attorney for: THE LANE CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION
FREDERICK MOORE - RETAINED
ROBINSON KRIGER & MCCALLUM PA
TWELVE PORTLAND PIER
PORTLAND ME 04101-4713
KLEINFELDER CONSTRUCTION SERVICES INC - DEFENDANT
Attorney for: KLEINFELDER CONSTRUCTION SERVICES INC
REBECCA FARNUM - RETAINED 11/20/2020
THOMPSON BOWIE & HATCH LLC
PO BOX 4630
415 CONGRESS STREET 5TH FLOOR
PORTLAND ME 04112-4630
HAGAR ENTERPRISES INC - DEFENDANT
Attorney for: HAGAR ENTERPRISES INC
STEPHEN ALEXANDER BELL - RETAINED
DOUGLAS DENHAM BUCCINA KENNEDY-JENSEN & BELL
PO BOX 7108
103 EXCHANGE STREET
PORTLAND ME 04112-7108
TOWN OF WOOLWICH **DISMISSED 02/21/2020** - DEFENDANT
C/0 KIM DALTON, TOWN ADMIN, 13 NEQUASSET ROAD
WOOLWICH ME 04579
Page 1 of 10 Printed on: 02/01/2022
BATSC-CV-2019-00033
DOCKET RECORD
Attorney for: TOWN OF WOOLWICH **DISMISSED 02/21/2020**
JONATHAN BROGAN - RETAINED 12/11/2019
NORMAN HANSON & DETROY LLC
PO BOX 4600
TWO CANAL PLAZA
PORTLAND ME 04112-4600
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION - DEFENDANT
C/0 ATTORNEY GENERAL OFFICE, STATE HOUSE STATION 6
AUGUSTA ME 04333
Attorney for: MAINE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
KIMBERLY L PATWARDHAN - RETAINED
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
6 STATE HOUSE STATION
AUGUSTA ME 04333-0006
STATE OF MAINE - DEFENDANT
c)o ATTORNEY GENERAL OFFICE, STATE HOUSE STATION 6
AUGUSTA ME 04333
Attorney for: STATE OF MAINE
KIMBERLY L PATWARDHAN - RETAINED 12/11/2019
OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
6 STATE HOUSE STATION
AUGUSTA ME 04333-0006
Filing Document: COMPLAINT Minor Case Type: OTHER NEGLIGENCE
Filing Date: 11/25/2019
Docket Events:
12/02/2019 FILING DOCUMENT - COMPLAINT FILED ON 11/25/2019
12/02/2019 Party(s): STEVEN W LACKIE
ATTORNEY - RETAINED ENTERED ON 11/25/2019
Plaintiff's Attorney: WILLIAM C HERBERT III
1 2/02/2019 ASSIGNMENT - SINGLE JUDGE/JUSTICE ASSIGNED TO JUSTICE ON 11/25/2019
DANIEL I BILLINGS, JUSTICE
1 2/02/2019 Party(s): TOWN OF WOOLWICH **DISMISSED 02/21/2020**
SUMMONS/SERVICE - CIVIL SUMMONS SERVED ON 11/25/2019
UPON TOWN OF WOOLICH BY SERVING THE TOWN ADMINISTRATOR KIM DALTON IN HAND
1 2/02/2019 Party(s): TOWN OF WOOLWICH **DISMISSED 02/21/2020**
SUMMONS/SERVICE - CIVIL SUMMONS FILED ON 12/02/2019
Plaintiff's Attorney: WILLIAM C HERBERT III
1 2/10/2019 Party(s): MAINE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUMMONS/SERVICE - CIVIL SUMMONS SERVED ON 11/26/2019
UPON THE DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL ON BEHALF OF THE MAINE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
1 2/10/2019 Party(s): MAINE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUMMONS/SERVICE - CIVIL SUMMONS FILED ON 12/03/2019
Plaintiff's Attorney: WILLIAM C HERBERT III
Page 2 of 10 Printed on: 02/01/2022