The opinion
STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT
CUMBERLAND, ss CIVIL ACTION
Docket No. AP-12-63
CYNTHIA J. WHITE,
Petitioner
v.
TOWN OF NAPLES,
DECISION AND ORDER
Respondent
and
PETERJ. SERUNIAN and
KATHLEEN M. SERUNIAN,
Parties-in-Interest
Before the court is Cynthia White's SOB appeal of the decision of the Town of
Naples Board of Appeals (Board) concluding the second mooring of the parties-in-
interest (the Serunians) was legal and affirming the Town of Naples Harbor Master's
placement of that mooring. For the following reasons, the court remands this matter for
further consideration consistent with this decision and order.
BACKGROUND
The Serunians and Ms. White own waterfront property on Long Lake. (R. 1, 14.)
Both parcels have over 100 feet of lake frontage. (R. 1, 15.) On August 2, 2012, Peter
Serunian applied for and received a second mooring permit for his waterfront property
on Long Lake from the Town. (R. 1; Petition <JI<JI 5-6; Town Answer <JI<JI 5-6.)
In mid-August of 2012, Ms. White contacted the Naples Harbor Master, Bill
Callahan, regarding a milk bottle attached to a brick in the water and inquired if it was
1
a new mooring. (R. 21.) Mr. Callahan inspected the site by boat and removed the
bottle, because he had no "idea what it was there for." (R 21.) Later, Mr. Callahan was
contacted by Jim Reidy, a professional mooring installer, who explained that the bottle
was the site for a new mooring for the Serunians. (R. 21.) Mr. Callahan met with Mr.
Reidy, who showed Mr. Callahan the plans for the location of the new mooring, which
was within the boundaries of the Serunian property if boundaries carried out into State
of Maine waters. (R. 21.) Mr. Callahan approved that location. (R. 21.) See Town of
Naples, Shoreland Zoning Ordinance, § 15(C)(17)(a) Gune 8, 2011) [hereinafter SZO]
("Mooring placement shall be the responsibility of the property owner, provided that
the mooring(s) shall be placed in the location specified by the Harbor Master.") 1 (R.
109.)
A few days later, the Whites2 contacted Mr. Callahan again and stated that the
new mooring interfered with their access to their pontoon boat lift. (R. 21.) Mr.
Callahan inspected the mooring site with the Serunians and Mr. White. (R. 21.) Mr.
Callahan left after agreeing that the mooring was properly placed. (R. 21.) After that
inspection, Mr. Callahan, at Ms. White's request, revisited the site. He has been there
numerous times-in total, three times by car and six times by boat-and did not find on
any occasion that the mooring interfered with navigation to or from the Whites' boat
lift. (R. 21, 60.) Mr. Callahan concluded that the mooring is well within the boundaries
of the Serunian property, but at times the drift from the chain may "seem to allow the
boat to drift beyond the boundaries," although not rising to a navigational problem. (R.
21.)
1
A full copy of the SZO is included in the supplemental BOB record at pages 86-140. Future citations are
to the provision of the SZO and its page in the record.
2
Presumably, this includes the petitioner's husband, although he is not a party to the present appeal.
2
On August 30, 2012, Ms. White appealed the mooring permit to the Board. (R. 9.)
As grounds, Ms. White stated that the mooring significantly interferes with the use of
her boat lift, swim raft, and mooring. (R. 9.) The appeal was heard on October 30, 2012.
(R. 59.) At the hearing, Ms. White asserted that the placement of the new mooring did
not allow her to access her boat lift safely and, based on a professional survey (R. 18),
the Serunian mooring was in fact within the boundaries of her lake frontage. (R. 59.)
The Serunians asserted that the mooring was within the boundaries of their lake
frontage and placed there because the diver said it was the best spot for the mooring.
(R. 59-60.)
Mr. Callahan was also present at the hearing and stated that the mooring was
within the Serunian frontage, but the swing chain on the mooring allows the boat "most
times [to] drift south to Mrs. White's property." (R. 60.) Nevertheless, the minutes
reflect that Mr. Callahan stated that the Whites could safely navigate to the boat lift and
the ordinance "does not state a mooring has to be in front of a property [owner's] land
unless [it's] in a designated mooring area, such as an association." (R. 60.) The minutes
reflect that the Serunians and the petitioner had taken photographs of the dock,
mooring, and shoreline. Mr. Callahan had photographs that documented all of his
visits. (R. 59-60.)
The Board unanimously voted to deny the appeal and determined that the
mooring is a legal mooring and that the placement was approved by the Harbor Master
in accordance with section 15(C) of the Shoreland Zoning Ordinance. (R. 60, 69.) Ms.
White requested reconsideration of the decision. (R. 71-72.) The request for
reconsideration was declined by a three to one vote because no new information was
presented and, thus, there was no significant reason to reconsider. (R. 84-85.) Ms. White
filed a timely appeal to this court on December 12, 2012. She requests a Rule SOB review
3
of the mooring permit in count I and seeks declaratory and injunctive relief in counts II
and III. On February 15, 2013, the court ordered that count I would be considered first.
DISCUSSION
I. Standard of Review
When reviewing governmental action under M.R. Civ. P. SOB, the Superior Court
reviews the operative decision of the municipality for "abuse of discretion, errors of
law, or findings not supported by the substantial evidence in the record." Camp v.
Town of Shapleigh, 2008 ME 53, 'll: 9, 943 A.2d 595 (quoting McGhie v. Town of Cutler,
2002 ME 62, 'll: 5, 793 A.2d 504). "Substantial evidence is evidence that a reasonable
mind would accept as sufficient to support a conclusion." Toomey v. Town of Frye
Island, 2008 ME 44, 'll: 12, 943 A.2d 563 (quoting Sproul v. Town of Boothbay Harbor,
2000 ME 30, 'll: 8, 746 A.2d 368). "The interpretation of a local ordinance is a question of
law" that is reviewed de novo. Aydelott v. City of Portland, 2010 ME 25, 'll: 10, 990 A.2d
1024 (quotation marks omitted).
In this case, the SZO states that the Board of Appeals has only appellate capacity
over decisions of the Harbor Master:
1. Powers and Duties of the Board of Appeals:
a. Administrative Appeals: To hear and decide administrative
appeals, on an appellate basis, where it is alleged by an
aggrieved party that there is an error in any order,
requirement, decision, or determination made by, or failure to
act by, the Planning Board or Harbor Master in the
administration of this ordinance ....
SZO § 16(G)(1)(a); see also id. (providing for de novo review of decisions of the code
enforcement officer). (R. 133-34.) The court agrees with the parties that the decision of
Harbor Master Callahan is the operative decision for the court's review. See
Gensheimer v. Town of Phippsburg, 2005 ME 22, 'll: 16, 868 A.2d 161. (Pet's Br. 8;
Town's Br. 2-3.)
4
II. Compliance with the SZO and Maine Law
Harbor Master Callahan approved the location of the Serunians' second mooring
as compliant with section 15(C) of the SZO for moorings of shorefront property owners.
(R. 21, 69.) Ms. White, however, argues that the approval of the second mooring is
unlawful because it does not comply with 38 M.R.S. § 3 (2012), which permits only one
mooring per parcel of shorefront property.
Section 3 governs the placement and assignment of moorings by harbor masters
in coastal waters and great ponds, such as Long Lake. 3 See id. In relevant part, section
three provides:
Whenever practicable, the harbor master shall assign mooring privileges
in those waters where individuals own the shore rights to a parcel of land,
are masters or owners of a boat or vessel and are complainants, and shall
locate suitable mooring privileges therefor for boats and vessels,
temporarily or permanently, as the case may be, fronting their land, if so
requested, but not to encroach upon the natural channel or channels
established by municipal officers; provided that not more than one mooring
may be assigned to any shorefront parcel of land under this privilege. . . . The
limitation of one mooring assigned under this privilege does not prevent
the owner of a shorefront parcel from receiving additional mooring
assignments under the allocation system for all other residents.
Id. (emphasis added). To be eligible for a mooring based on this foregoing privilege,
the owner's parcel of land must include "100 feet of shoreline frontage." 38 M.R.S.
§ 11(2) (2012). In contrast, the SZO states that "[t]he owner of said mooring(s) and
property shall be limited to one (1) mooring per fifty feet of shore frontage." SZO §
15(c)(17)(b). (R. 109.) Accordingly, the SZO could permit two moorings per 100 feet of
shore frontage, as happened here, in plain conflict with the one mooring limit of the
statute. 38 M.R.S. § 3.
The Town asserts that a property owner can have multiple moorings, focusing on
the last sentence quoted above, which allows owners to receive additional mooring
3
See Smedberg v. Moxie Dam. Co., 90 A.2d 606, 607 (Me. 1952); (R. 22.).
5
assignments under an allocation system set up pursuant to the Town's ordinance.
(Town's Br. 3.) The Town argues that is what happened in this case. (Town's Br. 3.)
The record plainly reveals that the second mooring was not assigned pursuant to
an allocation system. See SZO § 15(C)(17)(e) (describing the process for establishing a
designated mooring field). (R. 110.) Mr. Callahan's report states that the Serunians'
11
second mooring is not in a designated mooring area" (R. 22), and, at the public
hearing, he distinguished the Serunians' mooring from a mooring in a designated
mooring area, such as for associations (R. 60). The mooring registration and permit
form filled out by Mr. Serunian similarly distinguishes between moorings for
waterfront property owners and moorings as part of an association. (R. 1.) Mr.
Serunian indicated his mooring permit application was based on his ownership of
waterfront property. (R. 1.) The permit did not issue pursuant to an allocation system
as contemplated by 38 M.R.S. § 3, and the approval appears to conflict with the state
law limit of one mooring per parcel.
Although the administrative decision states that the mooring is legal (R. 69), the
record does not show that the Board or the Mr. Callahan considered the propriety of
issuing a second mooring permit to a single property owner. The administrative
process focused on the placement of the second mooring, not on the lawfulness of the
second mooring. Typically, an issue not raised through the administrative process is
not preserved for appellate review by the Superior Court. See New Eng. Whitewater
Ctr., Inc. v. Dep't of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, 550 A.2d 56, 58 (Me. 1988). The
preservation rule in the administrative appeal process is based on the doctrine of
11
exhaustion of administrative remedies, thus ensur[ing] that the agency and not the
courts has the first opportunity to pass upon the claims of the litigants." Id. at 59-60.
6
Nevertheless, the SZO explicitly states that "[m]oorings must conform to all the
specifications and permits required by this regulation and the State of Maine." SZO
§ 15(C)(17)(c). (R. 109.) The Law Court has concluded that language in an ordinance
requiring a harbor master to perform the duties prescribed by Title 38 of the Maine
Revised Statutes demonstrates an intent to incorporate the provisions of 38 M.R.S. § 3
into the town's ordinance. See Roberts v. Town of Phippsburg, 642 A.2d 155, 157 (Me.
1994). Although Roberts involved an issue regarding the relocation of a grandfathered
mooring, the same intent to comply with state law regarding moorings is evident from
the SZO of the Town of Naples.
Neither the Town nor the Serunians have argued that the lawfulness of the Town
issuing a second mooring permit for one parcel has not been preserved for the court's
review. Moreover, the Board explicitly concluded that the mooring was legal. (R. 69.)
Finally, if the issuance of the mooring permit is not authorized by Maine statute, the
resulting approval of its placement by the Harbor Master would be void. See Brackett
v. Town of Rangeley, 2003 ME 109, CJ[ 27, 831 A.2d 422 (Alexander, J., concurring)
("When a public officer or agency exceeds its statutory authority or proceeds in a
manner not authorized by law, its resulting orders, decrees or judgments are null and
void and may be attacked collaterally.") (cited in Nestle Waters N. Am., Inc. v. Town of
Fryeburg, 2009 ME 30, CJ[ 31, 967 A.2d 702). Under these circumstances, a remand to the
Board is appropriate.
The court remands this matter to the Board of Appeals so the Board may
consider, before the court addresses the claim, whether the mooring permit should have
issued in the first instance. Because resolution of this issue could be determinative, the
court does not address the balance of Ms. White's arguments at this time.
7
The entry is
This Case is REMANDED to the Town of Naples Board of
Appeals for further proceedings consistent with this
Decision and Order. The court retains jurisdiction over
this matter pending further decision by the Board.
Date: August 30, 2013
AP-12-063
8
Date Filed _ _cl::..:2::_-.. . ::lc..::::2_--=-12:::.____ CUMBERLAND Docket No. __A_P_-_1_2_-_6_3_ _--1
County
Action ___8=-0:....B_A_P_P_E_A_L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
CYNTHIA J. WHITE TOWN OF NAPLES
PETER J. SERUNIAN (PII)
KATHLEEN M. SERUNIAN (PII)
vs.
Plaintiff's Attorney Defendant's Attorney
DAVID SILK ES Geoffrey H Hole, Esq (Town)
CURTIS THAXTER STEVENS BRODER & MICOLEAU N. Joel Moser, Esq (Town)
PO BOX 7320
Gerald Schoefield, Esq. (Serunians)
PORTLAND ME 04112
511 Congress Street, Ste. 801,
Portland 04101
Mary Costagan Esq (Town of Naples}
PO BOX 9729, Portland 04104
Date of
Entry