Burno v. Lake Tech Institute of Public Safety

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

MIDDLE DISTRICT OF FLORIDA

OCALA DIVISION

LAMAR BERNARD BURNO,

Plaintiff,

v. Case No: 5:25-cv-58-SPC-PRL

LAKE TECH INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC

SAFETY, FLORIDA ATTORNEY

GENERAL’S OFFICE,

PENNSYLVANIA ATTORNEY

GENERAL’S OFFICE, and LAKE

COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE,

Defendants.

ORDER

Plaintiff Lamar Bernard Burno (“Plaintiff” or “Mr. Burno”), who is proceeding pro se,

filed a complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against Lake Tech Institute of Public Safety (“Lake

Tech”), the Florida Attorney General’s Office, the Pennsylvania Attorney General’s Office,

and the Lake County Sheriff’s Office (collectively, the “Defendants”). (Doc. 1). Plaintiff seeks

to proceed in forma pauperis. (Doc. 2). For the reasons explained below, Plaintiff’s motion to

proceed in forma pauperis is taken under advisement, and in an abundance of caution,

Plaintiff will be given an opportunity to amend the complaint and amend the motion to

proceed in forma pauperis.

I. LEGAL STANDARDS

An individual may be allowed to proceed in forma pauperis if he declares in an

affidavit that he is unable to pay such fees or give security therefor. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1).

However, before a plaintiff is permitted to proceed in forma pauperis, the Court is obligated

to review the complaint to determine whether it is frivolous, malicious, fails to state a claim

upon which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is

immune from such relief. See id. § 1915(e)(2). If the complaint is deficient, the Court is

required to dismiss the suit sua sponte. Id.

“A lawsuit is frivolous if the plaintiff’s realistic chances of ultimate success are slight.”

Clark v. Ga. Pardons & Paroles Bd., 915 F.2d 636, 639 (11th Cir. 1990) (internal quotations

omitted); see Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989) (stating that an action is frivolous if

“it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact”); Jackson v. Farmers Ins. Grp./Fire Ins. Exch.,

391 F. App’x 854, 856 (11th Cir. 2010) (per curiam) (defining a frivolous case as one

containing “clearly baseless” factual allegations or one based on an “indisputably meritless”

legal theory) (quoting Carroll v. Gross, 984 F.2d 392, 393 (11th Cir. 1993) (per curiam)).

“Indigence does not create a constitutional right to the expenditure of public funds and the

valuable time of the courts in order to prosecute an action which is totally without merit.”

Phillips v. Mashburn, 746 F.2d 782, 785 (11th Cir. 1984) (citing Collins v. Cundy, 603 F.2d 825,

828 (10th Cir. 1979)).

In evaluating a complaint under § 1915, a document filed pro se is to be liberally

construed. See Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007). Nevertheless, a complaint must

contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to “state a claim to relief that is plausible

on its face.” See Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). A claim has facial

plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content, allowing the court to draw the

reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the alleged misconduct. See id. at 555-56.

The complaint must “give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds

upon which it rests” and must provide “more than labels and conclusions, [or] a formulaic

recitation of the elements of a cause of action.” See id. at 555. While Rule 8(a) of the Federal

Rules of Civil Procedure does not require detailed factual allegations, “it demands more than

an unadorned, the defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556

U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555).

II. DISCUSSION

Plaintiff sues Defendants under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging violations of his

constitutional rights under the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments. (Doc. 1 at

p. 1). As best can be discerned from the sparse allegations in the complaint, it appears that

Plaintiff is challenging alleged civil rights violations related to his arrest for uttering a forged

document, seeking damages, including lost career opportunities, among other things. (Id. at

p. 4). Plaintiff asserts that these violations include a “fabricated affidavit of probable cause,”

“improper involvement of the Pennsylvania Attorney General’s Office,” frivolous and

malicious allegations, “ineffective assistance of counsel,” “prosecutorial misconduct,” “racial

discrimination and threats by law enforcement,” and “defamatory testimony.” (Id. at pp. 2-

3).

In support of these claims and in a wholly conclusory manner, Plaintiff alleges that his

right to due process was violated when the “Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)

initiated [his] arrest based solely on an anonymous and unverified letter, which served as the

sole basis for probable cause.” (Id. at p. 2). He alleges that the “Florida Attorney General’s

Office forwarded unsubstantiated allegations to Pennsylvania without proper investigation,

leading to Plaintiff’s wrongful prosecution.” (Id.). He further states, “[m]alicious claims by

Lamont Bershawn, driven by personal jealousy, were accepted without evidence.” (Id.).

Plaintiff claims ineffective assistance of counsel by his “trial attorney, Jaimie Washo, [who]

failed to call essential witnesses, withheld military records, and offered no opening

statement.” (Id.). He contends that there was prosecutorial misconduct, as “[t]he prosecution

suppressed exculpatory evidence and allowed false testimony, violating Plaintiff’s right to a

fair trial.” (Id.). He alleges that he “faced threats, intimidation, and racial discrimination from

law enforcement officials, including Chris DeLibro and Rus Edwards.” (Id.). Plaintiff claims

that “Detective Broomes falsely testified about Plaintiff’s military discharge, defaming his

character, credibility[,] and stating after his thorough investigation, Plaintiff was discharged

from the military because he was pregnant.” (Id.).

As a result of these alleged harms, Plaintiff requests that the Court: (1) “[d]eclare that

Defendants violated [his] constitutional rights under the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth

Amendments”; (2) “[o]rder the immediate dismissal of the charge of uttering a forged

document”; (3) “[a]ward compensatory damages for lost career opportunities and earnings

following Plaintiff’s successful completion of the Florida SOCE Exam”; and (4) “[d]irect the

issuance of a certified Florida law enforcement status from the FDLE and provide a certified

copy of Plaintiff’s SOCE Exam passing score.” (Id. at p. 4).1

1 With his complaint, Plaintiff included, inter alia, an Oath of Office dated September 12, 2000

for the Philadelphia School Police Officer; a United States Army transcript detailing military course

completion and experience completed in 1992 and 2001; an individual training record from the

military; a United States Army Military Police School diploma dated July 13, 2001; a certificate of an

honorable discharge from the United States Army dated February 4, 2004; Equivalency of Training

(“EOT”) for law enforcement officers while enrolled at Lake Tech; a certificate of completion dated

November 15, 2012 from Lake Tech for the Law Enforcement Officer Proficiency course; a

Notification of Acceptance Equivalency-of-Training Program from Lake County Criminal Justice

Selection Center dated August 3, 2012; various correspondence regarding Plaintiff’s completion of

training and education courses; an Order denying Mr. Burno’s request to receive an official copy of

the “Notes of Testimony” entered on June 29, 2016 in the Circuit Court of the Fifth Judicial Circuit,

in and for Lake County, Florida; and employment verification letters and correspondence in

connection with Mr. Burno’s application for EOT at Lake Tech. (Id. at pp. 5-30).

A. Failure to Comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

As a threshold matter, Plaintiff’s complaint does not meet the pleading requirements

set forth in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Plaintiff’s complaint does not contain a short

and plain statement of the claim showing that he is entitled to relief as required by Rule 8, nor

does it delineate the alleged causes of action into counts or another organized manner as

required by Rule 10. For that matter, it is not clear which defendant is sued under which

claims and how each defendant is legally responsible for each of the alleged wrongs. As such,

Plaintiff’s complaint is an impermissible shotgun pleading. See Weiland v. Palm Beach Cnty.

Sheriff’s Office, 792 F.3d 1313, 1320 (11th Cir. 2015) (defining a “shotgun pleading” as a

pleading that violates either Rule 8(a)(2) or Rule 10(b), or both). Indeed, the complaint fails

to give Defendants adequate notice of the claims raised against them and the grounds upon

which they are based. See id. at 1323. Although Plaintiff is proceeding pro se, he is “still

required to conform to procedural rules, and the court is not required to rewrite a deficient

pleading.” See Washington v. Dept. of Child. & Fams., 256 F. App’x 326, 327 (11th Cir. 2007).

B. Improper Party to the Action

Next, Plaintiff’s claims against the Lake County Sheriff’s Office are improper because

it is not a legal entity subject to suit. See Dean v. Barber, 951 F.2d 1210, 1214 (11th Cir. 1992)

(agreeing with the district court that the sheriff’s department was not a legal entity and, thus

not subject to suit or liability under § 1983); Spry v. Turner, No. 8:11-CV-531-T-33TGW, 2011

WL 940343, at *2 (M.D. Fla. Mar. 17, 2011) (finding that Polk County Sherriff’s Department

was not a suable entity since “no provision is made constitutionally or statutorily for a

‘Sheriff’s Department’ as a separate legal entity, as an agency of the county, or as a corporate

entity, nor is a Sheriff’s Department given authority to be sued in such a name”) (citations

omitted); Williams v. Miami-Dade Police Dep’t, 297 F. App’x 941, 945 (11th Cir. 2008)

(determining that “police departments are not legal entities amenable to suit” under Florida

law); Papa v. City of N. Miami Beach, No. 06-61833-C.V., 2007 WL 9701041, at *3 (S.D. Fla.

Apr. 2, 2007) (explaining that when fulfilling policing functions, police departments “do[] not

have the capacity to be sued and dismissal with prejudice is the appropriate result”).

C. Eleventh Amendment Immunity

Further, Plaintiff cannot proceed with his § 1983 claims against the Florida Attorney

General’s Office and the Pennsylvania Attorney General’s Office because such claims are

barred under the Eleventh Amendment. “The [Eleventh] Amendment not only bars suits

against a state by citizens of another state, but [it] also applies equally to suits against a state

initiated by that state’s own citizens.” Summit v. Medical Assocs., P.C. v. Pryor, 180 F.3d 1326,

1336 (11th Cir. 1999). Additionally, “[t]he Eleventh Amendment prohibits federal courts

from entertaining suits brought by citizens against a state, including its agencies and

departments, whether the relief sought is legal or equitable.” See Higdon v. Tusan, 746 F. App’x

805, 809-10 (11th Cir. 2018); Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Doe, 519 U.S. 425, 429-30 (1997)

(indicating that the Eleventh Amendment extends to state agencies, state officials in their

official capacity, and other arms of the state, as well as other state instrumentalities); see also

Bure v. State Atty. Gen, No. 09-23707-CIV, 2010 WL 1524376, at *3 (S.D. Fla. Mar. 26, 2010)

(recognizing that the Attorney General’s Office is entitled to immunity), report and

recommendation adopted sub nom, Bure v. Att’y Gen. of Fla., No. 09-23707-CIV, 2010 WL

1506268 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 14, 2010). Specifically, the Eleventh Amendment bars a § 1983 action

against a state for monetary damages unless waived by the state or Congress.2 See Pennhurst

State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 465 U.S. 89, 97-103 (1984). Because the Florida Attorney

General’s Office and the Pennsylvania Attorney General’s Office are agencies and arms of

their states and consequently immune from liability, Plaintiff’s § 1983 claims against them are

barred under the Eleventh Amendment.3

D. Failure to State a Claim Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983

In addition to the above pleading deficiencies, the complaint fails to contain sufficient

allegations to demonstrate that Plaintiff can assert a viable claim in this action against

Defendants under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. As a general matter, § 1983 “is not itself a source of

substantive rights, but merely provides a method for vindicating federal rights elsewhere

conferred.” See Albright v. Oliver, 510 U.S. 266, 271 (1994) (quoting Baker v. McCollan, 443 U.S.

137, 144 n.3 (1979) (internal quotations omitted)). A civil action under § 1983 “creates a

private right of action to vindicate violations of ‘rights, privileges, or immunities secured by

2 There are “certain well-established exceptions to Eleventh Amendment Immunity,”

specifically, “a state may waive its Eleventh Amendment immunity” or “Congress can abrogate

states’ Eleventh Amendment immunity.” See In re Burke, 146 F.3d 1313, 1317 (11th Cir. 1998). Such

exceptions do not apply here, as Plaintiff does not argue, and the Court does not find, that the State

of Florida or Pennsylvania have waived its immunity or that Congress abrogated the state’s

immunity in § 1983 cases under the Eleventh Amendment. See Zatler v. Wainwright, 802 F.2d 397,

400 (11th Cir. 1986).

3 Even if Plaintiff had sued specific prosecutors in their individual capacities, Plaintiff’s

claims would still fail because a prosecutor is entitled to absolute immunity for all actions he or she

takes while performing his or her function as an advocate for the government, and the prosecutorial

function includes the initiation and pursuit of a criminal prosecution. See Buckley v. Fitzsimmons, 509

U.S. 259, 27-73 (1993); Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409, 424 (1976); see also Sussman v. Weston, No.

2:23-CV-567-SPC-NPM, 2023 WL 6124023, at *1 (M.D. Fla. Sept. 19, 2023) (finding that “[s]uing

an official in her official capacity [as an Attorney General] is a way to sue the entity the official

represents . . . [and] are essentially claims against the State[,] . . . [which] are barred” under the

Eleventh Amendment).

the Constitution and laws’ of the United States.” See Rehberg v. Paulk, 566 U.S. 356, 361 (2012)

(quoting 42 U.S.C. § 1983).

To state a claim for relief under § 1983, a plaintiff must allege that (1) the defendant

deprived him of a right secured under the Constitution or federal law; and (2) that such a

deprivation occurred under the color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988);

Arrington v. Cobb County, 139 F.3d 865, 872 (11th Cir. 1998); see also Carson v. Wells Fargo Bank,

N.A., No. 8:10-CV-2362-T17-EAJ, 2011 WL 2470099, at *2 (M.D. Fla. June 20, 2011)

(“[P]rivate parties are considered state actors only when they perform a public function, are

coerced by the government, or are in such ‘a position of interdependence with [the State] that

[the State] was a joint participant in the enterprise.’”) (quoting Jackson v. Metro Edison Co., 419

U.S. 345, 357-58 (1974)). In addition, where a plaintiff seeks to impose liability on one who

is not an active participant in the alleged constitutional deprivation, the plaintiff must allege

and establish an affirmative causal connection between the defendant’s conduct and the

constitutional deprivation. See Williams v. Bennett, 689 F.2d 1370, 1380-81 (11th Cir. 1982).

While Plaintiff identifies specific constitutional rights allegedly infringed, the

complaint lacks sufficient allegations to state a plausible claim for relief under § 1983. Plaintiff

has failed to allege facts to support his contention that he was deprived of a constitutional

right or that such deprivations occurred under the color of state law. In particular, with respect

to defendant Lake Tech, Plaintiff fails to allege facts showing that Lake Tech would be subject

to suit under § 1983, as the complaint contains no allegations of government coercion or

participation in Lake Tech’s conduct. Further, Plaintiff provides no factual basis that directly

connects Lake Tech to this case, nor does he make a casual connection between Lake Tech

and any act that deprived him of a constitutional right. Simply put, Plaintiff’s lacks well-pled

factual allegations that could support a federal claim. Thus, even construing his allegations

liberally, Plaintiff’s complaint fails to state a claim under § 1983 upon which relief may be

granted.

In an abundance of caution, the Court will provide Plaintiff with an opportunity to file

an amended complaint to clarify the basis for his claims. Plaintiff must provide the Court with

sufficient information and in a coherent manner so that it can perform the review required

under § 1915. The amended complaint must clearly state the legal theory or theories upon

which Plaintiff seeks relief and explain with factual allegations how each defendant is

responsible. Plaintiff should carefully consider whether he can allege a claim in good faith

because pursuing frivolous claims could lead to the imposition of sanctions.

E. Incomplete Motion to Proceed in Forma Pauperis

Finally, the Court observes that Plaintiff’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis (Doc.

2) is deficient, as he did not utilize the correct form. Plaintiff must complete the “Application

to Proceed in District Court Without Prepaying Fees or Costs” from the Court’s website

(https://www.uscourts.gov/forms/fee-waiver-application-forms/application-proceed-

district-court-without-prepaying-fees-or).

III. CONCLUSION

Accordingly, Plaintiff’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis (Doc. 2) is TAKEN

UNDER ADVISEMENT. Plaintiff shall file an amended complaint and an amended motion

to proceed in forma pauperis by March 13, 2025. The amended complaint must comply with

all pleading requirements contained in Rules 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure and those contained in the Local Rules of the Middle District of Florida. Failure

to comply with this Order may result in a recommendation that this action be dismissed for

failure to prosecute pursuant to Local Rule 3.10.

Further, Plaintiff is cautioned that despite proceeding pro se, he is required to comply

with this Court’s Local Rules, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, and the Federal Rules of

Evidence. Plaintiff may obtain a copy of the Local Rules from the Court’s website

(http://www.flmd.uscourts.gov) or by visiting the Office of the Clerk of Court. Additionally,

resources and information related to proceeding in court without a lawyer, including a

handbook entitled “Guide for Proceeding Without a Lawyer,” can be located on the Court’s

website (http://www.flmd.uscourts.gov/pro_se/default.htm). Plaintiff should also consult

the Middle District of Florida’s Civil Discovery Handbook for a general discussion of this

District’s discovery practices (http://www.flmd.uscourts.gov/civil-discovery-handbook).

DONE and ORDERED in Ocala, Florida on February 13, 2025.

ZL orca

PHILIP R. LAMMENS

United States Magistrate Judge

Copies furnished to:

Counsel of Record

Unrepresented Parties

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