The opinion
CINDY DARLENE WARREN DONEGAN, )
) Dickson Chancery
Plaintiff/Appellee, ) No. 4617-96
)
VS. )
) Appeal No.
JOHN GRAHAM DONEGAN, ) 01A01-9709-CH-00469
)
Defendant/Appellant, )
FILED
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
MIDDLE SECTION AT NASHVILLE September 14, 1998
APPEAL FROM THE DICKSON COUNTY CHANCERYCecil W. Crowson
COURT
AT CHARLOTTE, TENNESSEE Appellate Court Clerk
HONORABLE JAMES L. WEATHERFORD, JUDGE
Neal Lovlace
102 Bank Avenue
P.O. Box A
Centerville, Tennessee 37033
ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE
Douglas T. Bates, III
P.O. Box 1
Centerville, Tennessee 37033
ATTORNEY FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT
AFFIRMED AND REMANDED
HENRY F. TODD
PRESIDING JUDGE, MIDDLE SECTION
CONCUR:
BEN H. CANTRELL, JUDGE
WILLIAM B. CAIN, JUDGE
CINDY DARLENE WARREN DONEGAN, )
)
Plaintiff/Appellee, )
) Dickson Chancery
VS. ) No. 4617-96
)
JOHN GRAHAM DONEGAN, ) Appeal No.
) 01A01-9709-CH-00469
Defendant/Appellant, )
OPINION
The defendant, John Graham Donegan, has appealed from the judgment of the Trial
Court ordering:
1. The parties are hereby divorced . . . .
2. Custody of three children committed to plaintiff.
3. Defendant shall pay child support.
4. Specified visitation.
5. Land on which residence located is husband’s separate property. Improvements
thereon are marital property. Property must be sold and proceeds divided equally.
6. One-half of defendant’s deferred compensation to be paid to plaintiff by
defendant.
7. Plaintiff granted one-half interest in defendant’s pension.
8. Defendant must provide $200,000 insurance in favor of children.
9. Judgment in favor of plaintiff against defendant for $7,728 for marital personalty
sold by defendant.
10. Specific personalty awarded to plaintiff.
11. Specific personalty awarded to defendant
12. Defendant must pay plaintiff $4,800 to equalize division of personalty.
13. No alimony except fees.
14. Plaintiff must pay debt on jeep.
15. Visa debt divided equally.
16. Defendant must pay $8,000 of plaintiff’s attorney fees.
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17. Defendant must pay accrued child support of $5,975.
18. Costs taxed equally.
19. Judgment for plaintiff for amount awarded her, in total amount is $24,252 plus
interest.
The defendant has presented the following issues:
1. The question of child custody is now moot since a
subsequent decision of the Trial Court has awarded custody
to John Donegan.
2. Did the Trial Court err in ruling that the property
solely in the name of John Donegan was marital property?
3. Did the Trial Court err in treating the furniture as
marital property?
4. Did the Trial Court err in awarding attorney’s fees?
5. Did the Trial Court err in assigning the debt of the
Jeep solely to John Donegan?
6. Did the Trial Court err in awarding both parties the
divorce under the facts of this case?
7. Should the Court award the home, regardless of
whether it treats it as marital or separate, to John Donegan in
lieu of child support, either all or part?
The plaintiff presents the following issues:
I. Whether the Trial Court erred in allowing that upon
the sale of the marital home which is located on the 5.67 acre
tract, John G. Donegan would receive a credit of $11,340.00.
II. Whether the Trial Court erred in ordering Mr.
Donegan to pay only a portion of Mrs. Donegan’s attorney
fees where Mrs. Donegan has insufficient funds to pay her
attorney fees and when Mr. Donegan’s intentional conduct
only served to increase the time and expense of litigation.
III. Whether the Trial Court erred in denying rehabilitative
alimony to Mrs. Donegan, who is merely a high school
graduate and has spent the majority of the marriage as a
homemaker and primary care-giver of the three small
children.
IV. Whether the Trial Court erred in failing to include
income that Mr. Donegan makes from his separate business
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when it determined the amount of child support that Mr.
Donegan should pay to support his three children.
V. Whether the Trial Court erred in holding that the
marital home, built during the marriage of the parties, was
indeed marital property and therefore subject to equitable
division.
VI. Whether the Trial Court erred in holding that the
marital furniture was indeed marital property and therefore
subject to equitable division.
VII. Whether the Trial Court abused its discretion in
assigning the debt of the one of the parties’ automobile solely
to Mr. Donegan.
VIII. Whether the Trial Court erred in awarding both parties
a divorce in this matter given the fact that the Trial Court is
specifically authorized to do so by statute.
IX. Whether this court has the authorization and the
standing to award the marital home to Mr. Donegan in lieu of
child support as this was an issue not properly addressed to
the Trial Court which divided the marital property and
granted custody of the three children to Mrs. Donegan.
X. The award of child custody in the subsequent change
of custody proceeding will be addressed in separate action.
The parties were married in 1984. Plaintiff was a cosmetologist (beautician). They
separated in August, 1996, and this suit was filed November 4, 1996, at which time they had
three children aged 2, 4 and 10. Grounds alleged were irreconcilable differences and
inappropriate marital conduct without specifying any particular misconduct.
On April 7, 1997, an agreed order of reconciliation was entered.
On April 29, 1997, an agreed order of visitation and child support was entered.
The final decree was entered on August 19, 1997.
Defendant’s First Issue: Child Custody.
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Defendant concedes that this issue is moot because subsequent action of the Trial Court
which is not involved in this appeal has created a different custody situation.
Defendant’s Second Issue: Marital Home.
Prior to marriage defendant owned a home on a 5.67 acre tract. The home was destroyed
by fire. Defendant used the insurance proceeds to purchase a house at a different location which
was conveyed to plaintiff and defendant. Thereafter the parties sold the latter house and used
the proceeds to build a new house on the original 5.67 acre tract which was originally owned by
defendant.
The status of property as separate or marital is not necessarily determined by its record
title. Mondelli v. Howard, Tenn. App. 1989, 780 S.W.2d 769; Jones v. Jones, Tenn. App. 1969,
597 S.W.2d 886.
In Barnhill v. Barnhill, Tenn. App. 1991, 826 S.W.2d 443, 452, the husband purchased
an 18 acre tract and had it conveyed to himself and wife. This Court held that this action created
a rebuttable presumption that the husband made a gift to the marital estate and there was no
evidence of a contrary intent, citing Batson v. Batson, Tenn. App. 1988, 769 S.W.2d 849,
wherein this Court stated:
[Transmutation] occurs when separate property is treated in
such a way as to give evidence to an intention that it become
marital property. One method of causing transmutation is to
purchase property with separate funds but to take title in joint
tenancy. This may also be done by placing separate property
in the names of both spouses. The rationale underlying both
these doctrines is that dealing with property in these ways
creates a rebuttable presumption of a gift to the marital estate.
This presumption is based also upon the provision in many
marital property statutes that property acquired during the
marriage is presumed marital. The presumption can be
rebutted by evidence of circumstances or communications
clearly indicating an intent that the property remain separate.
769 S.W.2d at 858, citing 2 H. Clark, The law of Domestic
Relations in the United States, § 16.2, 185 (1987).
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In the present case, the Trial Court recognized that the third house was built on the 5.67
acre tract owned by defendant, but ordered the house and land sold and the proceeds divided
equally between the parties. Unquestionably, the land belonged to defendant until the house was
built thereon with jointly owned funds. When the joint funds produced a house on the separately
owned land, the doctrine of transmutation produced a presumption that the parties intended that
the house and land be merged into a single, jointly owned asset unless a contrary intent is shown.
No such contrary intent is shown. Hence, the house and land are part of the marital estate.
Defendant’s Third Issue: Status of Furniture.
Marital furniture is presumed to be marital property. Newberry v. Newberry, Tenn. App.
1972, 493 S.W.2d 99. The mere fact that the jointly used furniture was situated in a jointly
owned land legally titled to only one of the parties, does not prevent a finding that the furniture
had become joint property by joint use.
The judgment of the Trial Court contains detailed lists of items awarded to each of the
parties. There is no finding as to the individual or collective value of such items. Nothing is
found in the record to justify a revision of the division of household goods.
Defendant’s Fourth Issue: Attorneys Fees
Defendant insists that plaintiff received sufficient liquid assets to pay her attorney.
However, the allowance of fees in divorce cases lies within the sound discretion of the Trial
Court which will not ordinarily be revised on appeal. Ford v. Ford, Tenn. App. 1996, 952
S.W.2d 824. From a review of this lengthy and contentious proceeding, this Court does not
consider that this exercise of discretion was unwarranted.
Defendant’s Fifth Issue: Assignment of Jeep Debt.
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It appears that the Jeep was purchased by defendant who permitted plaintiff to use it but
failed to pay for it and it was repossessed, resulting in a deficiency due upon a debt that was
made by defendant.
No error is found in requiring defendant to pay the deficiency of his debt on the Jeep.
Defendant’s Sixth Issue: Award of Divorce to Both Parties.
The judgment of the Trial Court states -
The Court finds as follows:
1. That the parties, pursuant to T.C.A. § 36-4-
129(b) are entitled to a divorce.
----
Accordingly, it is hereby ordered, adjudged and
decreed:
1. That the parties are hereby divorced ---.
The cited statute reads as follows:
36-4-129. Stipulated grounds and/or defenses - Grant
of divorce. - (a) In all actions for divorce from the bonds of
matrimony or from bed and board, the parties may stipulate
as to grounds and/or defenses.
(b) The court may, upon such stipulations or upon
proof, grant a divorce to the party who was less at fault or, if
either or both parties are entitled to a divorce, declare the
parties to be divorced, rather than awarding a divorce to either
party alone. [Acts 1989, ch. 543, § 1.]
There was no stipulation of grounds for divorce, but section (b) of the statute authorizes the
court to “declare the parties to be divorced, rather than awarding a divorce to either party
alone --- “upon proof.”
Although not in the words of the statute, the decree of the Trial Court is clearly intended
to “declare the parties to be divorced,” and it is so construed by this Court.
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The record does not support a reversal of the award of a divorce to both parties.
This concludes the discussion of defendant’s issues.
Plaintiff’s First Issue: $11,340 Credit to Defendant for 5.67 Acre Tract.
This Court has already approved the equal division of the proceeds of the sale of the
house and land.
Plaintiff’s Second Issue: Failure to Allow Total Attorneys Fees.
This Court is disinclined to revise the discretionary ruling as to fees.
Plaintiff’s Third Issue: Failure to Award Rehabilitative Alimony.
Plaintiff is trained and licensed to practice cosmetology. There is no showing that she
is unable to continue this vocation.
Plaintiff’s Fourth Issue: Amount of Child Support.
This issue is based upon evidence that, in addition to his salary, defendant deals in
ammunition from which he has a “significant” income. Nothing is cited or found from which
the Trial Court or this Court might quantify this “significant income.”
Plaintiff’s Fifth Issue: Division of the Marital Home.
This issue has already been decided in acting upon defendant’s second issue.
Plaintiff’s Sixth Issue: Marital Furniture.
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This issue has already been decided in acting upon defendant’s third issue.
Plaintiff’s Seventh Issue: Debt on Jeep.
This issue has already been decided in acting upon defendant’s fifth issue.
Plaintiff’s Eighth Issue: Award of Divorce.
This issue has already been decided in acting upon plaintiff’s sixth issue.
Plaintiff’s Ninth Issue: Award of Home to defendant in lieu of child support.
The record of the present appeal does not demonstrate that custody or child support has
been awarded to the defendant. It appears that this issue arose after the entry of the judgment
under review in this appeal as stated in plaintiff’s tenth issue.
Each of the issues presented by the parties has been examined. No reversible error is
found.
The judgment of the Trial Court is affirmed. Costs of this appeal are assessed against the
defendant-appellant. The cause is remanded to the Trial Court for further proceedings.
AFFIRMED AND REMANDED
___________________________________
HENRY F. TODD
PRESIDING JUDGE, MIDDLE SECTION
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CONCUR:
_____________________________
BEN H. CANTRELL, JUDGE
______________________________
WILLIAM B. CAIN, JUDGE
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