The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO
WESTERN DIVISION AT DAYTON
SHERMAN HOLMES,
Plaintiff, Case No. 3:22-cv-364
vs.
MERIT SYSTEM PROTECTION District Judge Michael J. Newman,
BOARD,1 Magistrate Judge Caroline H. Gentry
Defendant.
______________________________________________________________________________
ORDER: (1) GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS WITHOUT
PREJUDICE (Doc. No. 20); AND (2) TERMINATING THIS CASE ON THE DOCKET
______________________________________________________________________________
This is a civil case in which pro se Plaintiff Sherman Holmes claims sex discrimination
and retaliation. Doc. No. 18. Plaintiff named the Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”) as
Defendant. Id. Defendant filed a motion to dismiss (Doc. No. 16), which this Court denied and
allowed Plaintiff to amend his complaint to include inter alia how the Merit System Protection
Board (“MSPB”) “abused its discretion in issuing its Final Order.” Doc. No. 17. Plaintiff filed an
Amended Complaint. Doc. No. 18. This case is before the Court on Defendant’s second motion
to dismiss pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Doc. No. 20. Plaintiff filed a
memorandum in opposition to which Defendant did not reply. Doc. No. 22. This motion is ripe
for review.
1 This case lists the Merit System Protection Board as the Defendant on the docket. However, Plaintiff
submitted an Amended Complaint clarifying that the Department of Veterans affairs is the Defendant in
this case. Doc. No. 18. Thus, the only remaining Defendant in this case is the Department of Veterans
Affairs.
I.
Rule 12(b)(6), like all other Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, “should be construed,
administered, and employed by the court and the parties to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive
determination of every action and proceeding.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 1.
At the motion to dismiss stage, “[t]he Court accepts a pro se plaintiff’s allegations as true
and “construe[s] filings by pro se litigants liberally.” Owens v. Keeling, 461 F.3d 763, 776 (6th
Cir. 2006) (citing Spotts v. United States, 429 F.3d 248, 250 (6th Cir. 2005)). However, while pro
se pleadings are “liberally construed” and “held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings
drafted by lawyers,” Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (per curiam), pro se plaintiffs
must still satisfy basic pleading requirements. See Hill v. Lappin, 630 F.3d 468, 470-71 (6th Cir.
2010).
A complaint will not suffice if it offers only “labels and conclusions” or “a formulaic
recitation of the elements of a cause of action.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009)
(quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). Instead, “a complaint must
contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its
face.’” Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). A plaintiff must plead “factual content that allows
the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.”
Id. “Where a complaint pleads facts that are ‘merely consistent with’ a defendant’s liability, it
‘stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of “entitlement to
relief.”’” Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557).
Having carefully and thoroughly considered the pleadings and briefing in support of, and
in opposition to, Defendant’s motion to dismiss, the Court GRANTS Defendant’s motion to
dismiss for two reasons.
First, Plaintiff names the wrong defendant. Based on upon the amended complaint,
Plaintiff alleges sex discrimination in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16 and appeals the MSPB
decision that affirmed his termination based on a charge of inappropriate conduct. Doc. No. 18 at
PageID 164; Doc. No. 6 at PageID 89-90. Plaintiff filed this case in federal district court because
he believes discrimination motivated the adverse personnel action. Fuerst v. Sec’y of the Air
Force, 978 F.3d 369, 371 (6th Cir. 2020) (citing 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2)). Plaintiff has incorrectly
named the United States Department of Veteran Affairs as a Defendant. Pursuant to 42 U.S.C.
§ 2000e-16(c), a plaintiff “may file a civil action” where “the head of the department, agency, or
unit, as appropriate, shall be the defendant.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c). Plaintiff should have
named the head of the VA as the Defendant.
Second, even if Plaintiff had correctly named the Defendant, Plaintiff fails to allege in the
amended complaint why the MSPB Final Order was in error. His amended complaint also lists
new claims that were not administratively exhausted in his MSPB Final Order. See Doc. No. 18;
Doc. No. 6 at PageID 88-100. “[L]abels and conclusions” are not enough to survive a motion to
dismiss. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. Before bringing the present action, Plaintiff needed to exhaust
his claims administratively. Burden v. Potter, No. 07-14879, 2008 WL 2223898, at *4-5 (E.D.
Mich. May 29, 2008), aff’d sub nom. Burden v. U.S. Postal Serv., 345 Fed. App’x 972 (6th Cir.
2009).
II.
Accordingly, Defendant’s motion to dismiss (Doc. No. 20) is GRANTED, and this case is
DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE and TERMINATED ON THE DOCKET.
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3), the Court hereby CERTIFIES to the United States
Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit that an appeal by pro se Plaintiff would be frivolous and not
taken in good faith. Coppedge v. United States, 369 U.S. 438, 443-44 (1962). Consequently,
Plaintiff should not be permitted to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal, and the Court DENIES
Plaintiff a certificate of appealability.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
December 2, 2024 s/Michael J. Newman
Hon. Michael J. Newman
United States District Judge