The opinion
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Raymour & Flanigan, :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 371 C.D. 2020
: ARGUED: March 15, 2021
Workers’ Compensation Appeal :
Board (Obeid), :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
HONORABLE ELLEN CEISLER, Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge
OPINION BY
SENIOR JUDGE LEADBETTER FILED: August 16, 2021
Raymour & Flanigan, Employer, petitions for review from the order of
the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board reversing in part and affirming in part the
order of the Workers’ Compensation Judge (WCJ), with the effect of reinstating
Claimant Lamis Obeid’s indemnity benefits. The issue involved, which is of first
impression, is one of statutory and regulatory construction: whether Employer,
which had filed a notice of temporary compensation payable paying indemnity
benefits, was at the time it filed a medical-only notice of compensation payable in
order to stop paying indemnity benefits also required to file a notice stopping
temporary compensation payable and a notice of compensation denial. We do not
believe a notice stopping temporary compensation payable and notice of
compensation denial are necessary when a medical-only notice of compensation
payable is issued, and therefore reverse.
The facts as found by the WCJ are as follows. (WCJ Decision Findings
of Fact “F.F.” Nos. 1-7.) In September 2018, Claimant was employed by Employer
as a home furnishing consultant earning an average weekly wage of $874.92. On
September 14, 2018, Claimant reported that the previous day she had suffered an
injury to her coccyx/sacrum when she slipped off a chair while attempting to sit. On
October 1, 2018, Employer’s workers’ compensation administrator issued a notice
of temporary compensation payable describing Claimant’s work injury as an
inflammation of her coccyx/sacrum and providing her with total disability benefits
at a rate of $583.28 per week. On October 17, 2018, the administrator issued a
medical-only notice of compensation payable.1 In November 2018, Claimant filed
a penalty petition seeking penalties on the basis of a violation of the Workers’
Compensation Act2 (Act) and seeking judgment on the pleadings and reinstatement
of total temporary disability benefits. The WCJ found that under Section 121.17(d)
of the workers’ compensation regulations, 34 Pa. Code § 121.17(d), there was no
requirement to file a notice stopping temporary compensation payable if, during the
temporary period, the employer or insurer decided to issue a notice of compensation
payable (WCJ Decision F.F. No. 7) and concluded that Claimant failed to prove that
Employer violated the provisions of the Act or its regulations (WCJ Decision
Conclusion of Law “C.L.” No. 2). Thus, the WCJ dismissed the penalty petition for
lack of proof. (WCJ C.L. No. 3.)
Claimant appealed the WCJ’s decision to the Board. The Board framed
the issue as follows:
1
The medical-only notice of compensation payable explains that Claimant was approximately
eight to nine months pregnant. (Reproduced Record “R.R.” at p. 5a.)
2
Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §§ 1-1041.4; 2501-2710.
2
At the core of this appeal is whether the [notice of
temporary compensation payable] issued on October 1,
2018[,] which provided payment of medical expenses and
ongoing disability benefits, converted by operation of law
to a[] [notice of compensation payable]; or whether the
[medical-only notice of compensation payable] issued on
October 17, 2018, properly stopped the payment of wages
and accepted liability only for payment of medical
expenses.
(Board Op. & Order at pp. 2-3.)
The Board stated that the proper procedure for Employer to stop
payment of indemnity benefits pursuant to the notice of temporary compensation
payable under Section 406.1(d)(5)(ii) of the Act,3 77 P.S. § 717.1(d)(5)(ii), would
have required Employer to “provide notice to Claimant that its payment of temporary
compensation was not an admission of liability and that Claimant must file a claim
petition to establish [Employer’s] liability for indemnity payments.” (Id. at pp. 4-
5.) In the Board’s view, accepting that Section 121.17(d) of the regulations, 34 Pa.
Code § 121.17(d), was “at best[] confusing as to whether [Employer] should issue a
[n]otice [s]topping [temporary compensation payable] and a [notice of
compensation] [d]enial” or a medical[-]only notice of compensation payable, “in this
particular situation” “the proper method to stop indemnity payments pursuant to a
[n]otice of [t]emporary [c]ompensation [p]ayable is to issue a [n]otice [s]topping
[t]emporary [c]ompensation . . . and a [n]otice of [w]orkers’ [c]ompensation [d]enial
. . . within [five] days of the last payment and within the [ninety]-day temporary
compensation payable period.” (Id. at pp. 5-6.) These forms, the Board states,
provide the required notice to Claimant and comply with Section 406.1(d)(5)(ii) of
the Act and Section 121.7(d)(1) of the regulations. (Id. at p. 6.) Then, Employer
3
Section 406.1(d)(5)(ii), added by Act of February 8, 1972, P.L. 25, No. 12, § 3, 77 P.S. §
717.1(d)(5)(ii).
3
would be able to issue a medical-only notice of compensation payable in order to
accept liability for the payment of medical expenses only.4 (Id.)
The Board held that under its interpretation of Section 406.1(d)(5)-(6)
of the Act and Section 121.17(d) of the regulations, the notice of temporary
compensation payable converted to a notice of compensation payable by operation
of law and the “converted [notice of compensation payable]” was now the
4
It should be noted that this issue has arisen before the Board on at least two prior occasions.
(See Bd. Op. at p. 6 n.6). In 2019, after the relevant procedural history of this case, the Department
of Labor & Industry, Bureau of Workers’ Compensation, issued a new, alternate version of the
Notice of Compensation Payable, Form LIBC-495B (see R.R. at pp. 137a-38a), which “provides
the critical cautions and advisories to a claimant as required by Section 406.1(d)(5) of the Act,
otherwise traditionally served by the Notice Stopping Temporary Compensation . . . and Notice of
. . . Compensation Denial . . . where payment of temporary compensation has ceased,” see 7 West's
Pa. Prac., Workers’ Comp. § 13:88.60 (3d ed.; Sept. 2020 update).
Language in Form LIBC-495B reads as follows:
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEE: Payment of temporary compensation
has stopped. The payment of temporary compensation was not an
admission of liability of the employer with respect to the injury
described in the previously-issued Notice of Temporary
Compensation Payable. The employee must file a petition to
establish additional liability of the employer not set forth in this
Notice of Compensation Payable. The payment of temporary
compensation may not be used to support a claim for benefits in a
future proceeding.
[R.R. at p. 138a (emphasis in original).] A version of Form LIBC-495 that includes the “medical-
only” checkbox but not the above language is still used by the Board. 7 West’s Pa. Prac. Workers’
Comp. § 13.88.60 (3d ed.; Sept. 2020 update); (R.R. at pp. 135a-36a.) One treatise has stated that
“as the expanded cautionary language refers to the fact that the ‘payment of temporary
compensation was not an admission of liability,’ it is expected that the Form LIBC-495B would
only legitimately be issued in a medical-only context.” Id. The regulations do not specifically
refer to Form LIBC-495B, and it is not clear to the Court whether the notice therein would suffice
under the interpretation of Section 406.1(d) proffered by the Board in the instant case.
4
“controlling Bureau document.”5 (Id. at pp. 6 and 9.) Thus, the Board held that
Employer had violated the Act (id. at pp. 7 and 9) and ordered reinstatement of
indemnity benefits as of October 10, 2018, or as of such date as indemnity payments
were stopped6 (id. at p. 9). It is from the Board’s order granting continuing
indemnity benefits that Employer petitions for review.
On appeal,7 Employer raises the following issue:
Whether the Board committed an error of law by
unilaterally ordering the retroactive reinstatement of
ongoing disability benefits in violation of the procedural
regime established by Section 406.1 of the Act and the
Bureau Regulation promulgated thereunder.
(Employer’s Br. at p. 5.)
5
Although not explicitly stated, the determining factor for the conversion would have been
the failure to file the required notifications within the ninety-day temporary compensation payable
period. “If the employer does not file a notice under paragraph (5) within the ninety-day period
during which temporary compensation is paid or payable, the employer shall be deemed to have
admitted liability and the notice of temporary compensation payable shall be converted to a notice
of compensation payable.” Section 406.1(d)(6) of the Act, 77 P.S. § 717.1(d)(6). Of note, on the
date the penalty petition was filed, November 20, 2018 (see R.R. at p. 7a), ninety days had not
elapsed from the date of the injury, September 13, 2018.
6
The Board noted as follows:
October 10, 2018[,] is alleged by Claimant to be the last date for
which [she] received indemnity benefits. There was no evidence
submitted to support what date [Employer] paid indemnity benefits
through; however, [Employer] is obligated to reimburse [C]laimant
from what ever [sic] date it ceased paying benefits and reinstate
Claimant’s benefits until such time as [Employer] establishes a
suspension or termination of benefits.
(Board Op. & Order at p. 6 n.5.)
7
Because only issues of statutory and regulatory construction are before us, our review is
plenary. Steele v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Findlay Twp.), 155 A.3d 1173, 1176 n.8 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2017).
5
An explanation of the relevant statutory and regulatory provisions and
their significance to this case is appropriate at this juncture. Section 406.1 of the Act
provides the relevant statutory scheme for an employer’s response to an injury,
including notices of compensation payable and temporary notices of compensation
payable. In pertinent part, Section 406.1(a) states:
(a) The employer and insurer shall promptly investigate
each injury . . . and shall proceed promptly to commence
the payment of compensation due . . . pursuant to . . . a
notice of compensation payable . . . or pursuant to a notice
of temporary compensation payable as set forth in
subsection (d), on forms prescribed by the [D]epartment
and furnished by the insurer. The first installment of
compensation shall be paid not later than the twenty-first
day after the employer has notice or knowledge of the
employe[e]’s disability . . . .
77 P.S. § 717.1(a). With regard to notices of temporary compensation payable,
Section 406.1(d) provides as follows:
(d) (1) In any instance where an employer is uncertain
whether a claim is compensable under this [A]ct or is
uncertain of the extent of its liability . . . , the employer
may initiate compensation payments without prejudice
and without admitting liability pursuant to a notice of
temporary compensation payable as prescribed by the
[D]epartment.
....
(5) (i) If the employer ceases making payments
pursuant to a notice of temporary compensation
payable, a notice in the form prescribed by the
[D]epartment shall be sent to the claimant and a
copy filed with the [D]epartment, but in no event
shall this notice be sent or filed later than five (5)
days after the last payment.
6
(ii) This notice shall advise the claimant, that if the
employer is ceasing payment of temporary
compensation, that the payment of temporary
compensation was not an admission of liability of
the employer with respect to the injury subject to the
notice of temporary compensation payable, and the
employe[e] must file a claim to establish the
liability of the employer.
(iii) If the employer ceases making payments
pursuant to a notice of temporary compensation
payable, after complying with this clause, the
employer and employe[e] retain all the rights,
defenses and obligations with regard to the claim
subject to the notice of temporary compensation
payable, and the payment of temporary
compensation may not be used to support a claim
for compensation.
(iv) Payment of temporary compensation shall be
considered compensation for purposes of tolling the
statute of limitations under section 315.
(6) If the employer does not file a notice under paragraph
(5) within the ninety-day period during which temporary
compensation is paid or payable, the employer shall be
deemed to have admitted liability and the notice of
temporary compensation payable shall be converted to a
notice of compensation payable.
77 P.S. § 717.1(d)(1) and (5)-(6) (emphasis added).
Section 121.17(d) of the Bureau’s regulations provides that if
temporary payments are stopped, an employer must do one of the following: file
both a notice stopping temporary compensation, identified by the regulations as
Form LIBC-502, and a notice of compensation denial, Form LIBC-496; or file a
notice of compensation payable, Form LIBC-495; or file an agreement for
compensation for disability or permanent injury, Form LIBC-336. 34 Pa. Code §
121.17(d)(1)-(3). Employer filed the version of the notice of compensation payable,
7
Form LIBC-495, used at the time of the operative facts, identified as being “REV
03-16.” (R.R. at p. 7a.) Form LIBC-495, REV 03-16, included a check box, which
was checked by Employer, stating: “Check only if compensation for medical
treatment (medical only, no loss of wages) will be paid subject to the . . . Act . . . .”
[Id. (emphasis in original).] By filing such a notice of compensation payable, albeit
medical only, Employer here clearly complied with the regulation.
Employer contends that the Board’s interpretation of the statutory
scheme to require that an employer send a notice stating that it is stopping temporary
compensation; that it is not admitting liability; and that the claimant must file a claim
petition to obtain benefits in the future in addition to its medical only notice of
compensation payable is illogical and incorrect as a matter of law. (Employer’s Br.
at p. 16.) Employer cites City of Philadelphia v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal
Board (Brown), 830 A.2d 649 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003), and Waldameer Park, Inc. v.
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Morrison), 819 A.2d 164 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2003), for the proposition that the acknowledgment of compensability accomplished
by a medical-only notice of compensation payable is sufficient to meet Employer’s
obligations under Section 406.1. In Waldameer Park, a claimant was injured in the
course of her employment at an amusement park and submitted a claim petition, not
in order to obtain benefits, but to satisfy the limitations period in Section 315 of the
Act, 77 P.S. § 602, and to assure her entitlement to future medical coverage and
future loss of wages arising out of her injury. 819 A.2d at 166-67. The employer
contested the claim despite one of the employer’s co-owners assisting the claimant
in obtaining treatment. Id. at 166. This Court held the contest unreasonable,
justifying attorneys’ fees, stating that the proper course of action would have been
for the employer to issue a medical-only notice of compensation payable, which
8
would allow the employer to challenge future medical bills or unwarranted wage
loss benefits without forcing the claimant to file a petition to preserve her rights. Id.
at 170; see also City of Phila., 830 A.2d at 653-54 (citing Waldameer Park where a
claimant sought only medical benefits).
Employer also cites Church v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board
(Cook), 135 A.3d 1153 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016), in which this Court upheld the Board’s
finding that when a medical-only notice of compensation payable was issued, a
claim was appropriately deemed admitted but suspended as to indemnity payments,
permitting a claimant to file a reinstatement petition rather than a claim should he or
she once again be disabled by the work injury. Id. at 1162. Employer argues that
where no loss of wages occurs, and it has formally acknowledged compensability
through the filing of a medical-only notice of compensation payable, “it must
necessarily circle back to the [initial] claims administration [procedure] laid out in
Section 406.1(a) of the Act,” which does not require multiple notices, “because the
issuance of a Notice of Compensation Payable Form LIBC-495 (medical only) under
Section 406.1(a) of the Act constitutes an admission of liability for related medical
costs and any future loss of wages . . . .” (Employer’s Br. at pp. 21-22) (emphasis
in the original). Employer thus argues that the Board misapprehends the derivation
and character of a medical-only notice of compensation payable as described in
Waldemeer Park and Church. (Id. at p. 26.) Employer argues that Section 121.17(d)
of the regulations correctly construes Section 406.1(a) of the Act by not requiring a
separate notice stopping temporary compensation payable.
Claimant responds that the Board correctly held that it was bound to
interpret Section 121.17(d) of the regulations consistent with Section 406.1(d)(5)-
(6) of the Act. See Popowsky v. Pa. Pub. Util. Comm’n, 910 A.2d 38, 52 (Pa. 2006)
9
[“[R]egulations must be consistent with the statute under which they were
promulgated” (internal quotations omitted)] and Stanish v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal
Bd. (James J. Anderson Constr. Co.), 11 A.3d 569, 575 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010)
[“[A]lthough an interpretation of a statute by an administrative agency is entitled to
great weight, the interpretation may be disregarded if the interpretation is clearly
erroneous or inconsistent with the statute under which the regulation is promulgated”
(internal quotations omitted)]. Further, Claimant argues that where a conflict may
be perceived between a statute and a regulation promulgated thereunder, the statute
must prevail and the regulation cannot be enforced. See N. Area Pers. Care Home
Adm’rs Ass’n v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 899 A.2d 1182, 1189 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2006).
We agree with Employer that the Board erred in applying Section
406.1(d)(5)(i)-(ii) in this circumstance. That Section requires that when an employer
ceases making payments pursuant to a notice of temporary compensation payable, it
must send a notice advising a claimant (1) that the payment of temporary
compensation did not constitute an admission and (2) that the employee must file a
claim to establish liability of the employer. However, in the case where a medical-
only notice of compensation payable is filed, the first statement—that the temporary
compensation does not constitute an admission—is legally incorrect, as the
employer is acknowledging the injury. See Waldameer Park. Further, the second
statement—that an employee must file a claim to establish liability—is equally
untrue. See Church. Accordingly, we believe that Section 406.1(d)(5) is simply
inapplicable here, and that Section 121.17(d) of the Bureau’s regulations properly
requires that an employer either comply with Section 406.1(d)(5) or file a notice of
compensation payable, of which a medical-only notice is one variety.
10
The only remaining function of the notices, suggested by Claimant at
oral argument, is to notify a pro se claimant of the fact that indemnity benefits have
ceased. To the extent that the checkbox on the medical-only notice of compensation
payable informed Claimant that only compensation for medical treatment, and not
loss of wages, would be paid (R.R. at p. 6a), it would seem that this purpose was
accomplished by that notice alone. Moreover, the additional notices the Board
would require—a notice stopping temporary compensation and a notice of
compensation denial—state as follows:
The payment of temporary compensation does not mean
that your employer assumed responsibility for your injury.
Your employer and you retain all rights, defenses and
obligations with regard to the claim. Further, the payment
of temporary compensation may not be used to support a
claim for benefits in a future proceeding.
WE HAVE DECIDED NOT TO ACCEPT LIABILITY
AND ATTACHED IS A NOTICE OF WORKERS’
COMPENSATION DENIAL. IF YOU BELIEVE YOU
SUFFERED A WORK-RELATED INJURY, YOU WILL
BE REQUIRED TO FILE A CLAIM PETITION WITH
THE WORKERS’ COMPENSATION OFFICE OF
ADJUDICATION IN ORDER TO PROTECT YOUR
FUTURE RIGHTS.
You have three years from the date of injury, or discovery
of your condition, to file a Claim Petition for benefits.
Since time limits can vary depending on the facts of your
situation, you may wish to contact an attorney if you
believe you may have a claim.
Form LIBC-502. [R.R. at p. 144a (emphasis in original).]
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEE: The employer/insurer has
decided to deny your workers’ compensation benefits.
You have the right to contest this denial by timely filing a
petition . . . .
11
Do not use this form to accept a medical-only claim . . .
.
The employer/insurer declines to pay workers’
compensation benefits to claimant because:
☐ 1. The employee did not suffer a work related
injury. . . .
☐ 2. The employee was not within the scope of
employment.
☐ 3. The employee was not employed by the
defendant.
☐ 4. The employee did not give notice of his/her
injury to the employer within 120 days . . . .
☐ 5. Other good cause; please explain fully in the
space below.
Form LIBC 496 [R.R. at pp. 139a-40a (emphasis in original).] Where a medical-
only notice of compensation payable has issued, these other notices contain
misstatements of the law and would serve primarily to confuse. It is doubtful that
it would be serving the humanitarian purposes of the Act, as suggested by Claimant,
to require an employer to misinform a claimant as to the status of his or her claim
and demand that a claimant expend the time and resources needed to file an
unnecessary claim petition in order to vindicate his or her rights.
When, as here, a provision of the Act does not address the situation at
hand and to apply it would not clearly serve the humanitarian purpose of the Act,
resort to principles of statutory construction is appropriate. See Hannaberry HVAC
v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Snyder), 834 A.2d 524, 533 (Pa. 2003). When the
words of a statute are not explicit, the intention of the General Assembly may be
ascertained by considering, among other matters, the occasion and necessity of the
statute; the circumstances under which it was enacted; the mischief to be remedied;
the object to be attained; the former law, if any, including other statutes upon the
same or similar subjects; the consequences of a particular interpretation; the
12
contemporaneous legislative history; and legislative and administrative
interpretations of such statute. Section 1921 of the Statutory Construction Act of
1972, 1 Pa.C.S. § 1921(c). Of those principles, we believe of primary applicability
to this matter are the objects to be attained by Section 406.1(d)(i)-(ii) and the
consequences of the Board’s proposed interpretation. Section 406.1(d)(i)-(ii) serves
to notify a claimant of the status of his or her claim and inform the claimant that his
or her claim has been denied by the employer and that liability must be established
by a claim petition. These objects are inappropriate here, where a claim has been
accepted by the employer and the claimant may establish rights to future
compensation by a reinstatement petition. With respect to the consequences of the
Board’s interpretation, we believe that it would lead to an absurd result—namely, a
misinformed claimant. See 1 Pa.C.S. § 1922(1) (fundamental presumption in
“ascertaining the intention of the General Assembly in the enactment of a statute” is
that “the General Assembly does not intend a result that is absurd, impossible of
execution or unreasonable”); Hannaberry, 834 A.2d at 531.
In light of the foregoing, we reverse the order of the Board insofar as it
orders reinstatement of indemnity benefits as of October 10, 2018, or as of such date
as indemnity payments were stopped.
_____________________________________
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
President Judge Emerita
Judge Fizzano Cannon did not participate in the decision for this case.
13
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Raymour & Flanigan, :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 371 C.D. 2020
:
Workers' Compensation Appeal :
Board (Obeid), :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 16th day of August, 2021, the order of the Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board is REVERSED insofar as it reinstates indemnity
benefits as of October 10, 2018, or as of such date as indemnity payments were
stopped.
_____________________________________
BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
President Judge Emerita