affirming dismissal where the “complaint repeats the same factual allegations that [the plaintiff] asserted in his earlier case, although he successively sued different defendants.”
How later courts described this case
- affirming dismissal where the “complaint repeats the same factual allegations that [the plaintiff] asserted in his earlier case, although he successively sued different defendants.”
- observing that the Star-Telegram, which allegedly published two libelous articles about the appellant, was a private party
- affirming the dismissal, as frivolous, of a prisoner’s libel claim against a newspaper because the prisoner did not allege that the newspaper acted under color of state law
- affirming dismissal, as malicious and frivolous, complaints that “by and large contain[ed] ‘stream of consciousness’ lists of alleged acts of wrongdoing . . . .”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA
SHREVEPORT DIVISION
DENNIS RAY DAVIS, JR. CIVIL ACTION NO. 19-0035
SECTION P
VS.
JUDGE S. MAURICE HICKS, JR.
LOUISIANA APPELLATE PROJECT, ET AL. MAG. JUDGE KAREN L. HAYES
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
Plaintiff Dennis Ray Davis, Jr., a prisoner at Caddo Correctional Center proceeding pro
se and in forma pauperis, filed the instant proceeding on approximately January 11, 2019, under
42 U.S.C. § 1983. He names the following Defendants: Louisiana Appellate Project, Chad M.
Iker, Christopher A. Aberle, Michael Enright, Channel 12 KSLA, Channel 3 KTBS, Channel 6
KTBS, Shreveport Times, Doug Waner, and Inquisitor Newspaper.1 For reasons discussed
below, Plaintiff’s claims should be dismissed.
Background
Plaintiff’s Complaint is replete with legal jargon and conclusory, disjointed assertions.
He alleges that he was convicted of a fourth driving-while-intoxicated (“DWI”) charge on June
15, 2017, which amounted to double jeopardy. [doc. # 1, p. 3]. Next, he claims that, with
respect to his fourth DWI conviction, his court-appointed appellate attorney failed to “file for
appellant bond or any equitable relief for petitioner to gain his liberty . . . [sic].” Id. at 4. He
adds that his appellate attorney conspired with a public defender to deprive him of a fair appellate
process. Id. at 4. Finally, Plaintiff alleges that three television stations, two newspapers, and a
1 This matter has been referred to the undersigned for review, report, and recommendation
in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 636 and the standing orders of the Court.
television news anchor defamed him by reporting information relating to his pending charges for
armed robbery and first degree murder. Id. at 3-4. He alleges that the television stations aired
his pretrial hearing and that, consequently, he received unfair coverage. Id. at 5.
Plaintiff seeks punitive damages, compensation for past and future lost wages,
$60,000,000.00 for pain and suffering, and $10,000,000.0 for his “personal injuries.” Id. at 6.
Law and Analysis
1. Preliminary Screening
The Court permitted Plaintiff to proceed in forma pauperis. As a prisoner seeking redress
from an officer or employee of a governmental entity, his complaint is subject to preliminary
screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. See Martin v. Scott, 156 F.3d 578, 579-80 (5th Cir.
1998) (per curiam). Because he is proceeding in forma pauperis, his complaint is also subject to
screening under § 1915(e)(2). Both § 1915(e)(2)(B) and § 1915A(b) provide for sua sponte
dismissal of the complaint, or any portion thereof, if the Court finds it is frivolous or malicious,
if it fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted, or if it seeks monetary relief against a
defendant who is immune from such relief.
2. Malicious and Frivolous Claims
Plaintiff’s first three claims—that his fourth DWI conviction amounted to double
jeopardy, that his court-appointed appellate attorney failed to obtain an appellate bond or other
equitable relief in connection with his fourth DWI conviction, and that his appellate attorney
conspired with a public defender to deprive him of a fair appellate process—are subject to
dismissal as malicious and frivolous.
“IFP complaints may be dismissed as frivolous pursuant to § 1915(d) when they seek to
relitigate claims which allege substantially the same facts arising from a common series of events
2
which have already been unsuccessfully litigated by the IFP plaintiff.” Wilson v. Lynaugh, 878
F.2d 846, 850 (5th Cir. 1989). Likewise, a case is duplicative if it involves “the same series of
events” and allegations of “many of the same facts as an earlier suit.” Bailey v. Johnson, 846
F.2d 1019, 1021 (5th Cir. 1988). Moreover, “it is malicious for a pauper to file a lawsuit that
duplicates allegations of another pending federal lawsuit by the same plaintiff.” Pittman v.
Moore, 980 F.2d 994, 995 (5th Cir. 1993) (internal quotation marks omitted); see Lewis v. Sec’y
of Pub. Safety & Corr., 508 F. App’x 341, 344 (5th Cir. 2013); Bailey, 846 F.2d at 1021 (“[A]n
IFP complaint that merely repeats pending or previously litigated claims may be considered
abusive and dismissed under . . . section 1915(d).”). District courts are “‘vested with especially
broad discretion’ in determining whether such a dismissal is warranted.” Bailey, 846 F.2d at
1021.
Here, Plaintiff’s allegations are substantially similar to, and arise from the same series of
events as, allegations he raised in other closed and pending proceedings: Dennis Ray Davis, Jr. v.
1st Judicial District Court, et al., No. 18-0988 (W.D. La. 2018) (dismissing, as frivolous and
malicious, Plaintiff’s claims concerning improprieties relating to his fourth DWI conviction, his
claim that the conviction amounted to double jeopardy, his claim that he was forced to “stay in
jail without . . . appellant [sic] process[,”] and, inter alia, his claim that he was subjected to
“unnecessary judicial delay . . . .”; Dennis Ray Davis, Jr. v. Robert B. Whyce, et al., No. 18-0009
(W.D. La. 2018) (dismissing, inter alia, Plaintiff’s claims of false imprisonment arising from his
fourth DWI offense); Dennis Ray Davis, Jr. v. Commissioner Caddo Parish, et al., No. 17-1269
(W.D. La. 2017) (reviewing Plaintiff’s claims of false imprisonment, false arrest, entrapment,
kidnaping, corruption, double jeopardy, denial of counsel, omissions by a clerk of court, failure
to post bond, and other sundry improprieties arising from his prior convictions, including his
3
fourth DWI conviction); Dennis Ray Davis, Jr. v. Robert B. Wyche, et al., No. 17-1230 (W.D.
La. 2017) (dismissing Plaintiff’s claims, arising from his fourth DWI offense, that the District
Attorney owed him $50,000.00, that he was falsely imprisoned, and that he was denied bond);
Dennis Ray Davis, Jr. v. Police Dept. of Shreveport, et al., No. 17-0531 (W.D. La. 2017)
(reviewing Plaintiff’s allegations that, inter alia, district attorneys illegally detained him, he was
falsely imprisoned, a judge improperly placed a hold on him, he was given excessive bond, he is
innocent, he was subjected to double jeopardy on his fourth DWI offense, he was slandered, and
he was denied due process).
While there are, from what the undersigned can glean from Plaintiff’s stream-of-
consciousness allegations, minor factual distinctions in the claims he raises here relative to the
claims he raised in prior proceedings, the claims here “form a convenient trial unit with the
earlier” cases, which involve many of the same facts. See Lewis, 508 F. App’x at 344; see also
Humphrey v. Luna, 59 F.3d 1242 (5th Cir. 1995) (affirming dismissal, as malicious and
frivolous, complaints that “by and large contain[ed] ‘stream of consciousness’ lists of alleged
acts of wrongdoing . . . .”).
As the aforementioned claims are duplicative, malicious, and frivolous, they should be
dismissed.2 See Comeaux v. Cockrell, 72 F. App’x 54, 55 (5th Cir. 2003) (approving the
dismissal of only some claims–rather than an entire complaint–as duplicative and therefore
malicious). To the extent Plaintiff raised the instant claims in other, pending proceedings, the
2 That Plaintiff names additional defendants does not change the result. See Lewis, 508
Fed. App’x at n.2; Bailey, 846 F.2d at 1021 (affirming dismissal where the “complaint repeats
the same factual allegations that [the plaintiff] asserted in his earlier case, although he
successively sued different defendants.”); Brown v. Louisiana, 2010 WL 5582940, at *3 (W.D.
La. Dec. 1, 2010).
4
instant claims should be dismissed without prejudice to Plaintiff’s right to prosecute the pending,
duplicative proceedings. See Pittman, 980 F.2d at 995. The dismissal should otherwise be with
prejudice. See Adele v. Rogers, 669 F. App’x 264 (5th Cir. 2016).
3. State Actor
Plaintiff’s remaining claim is that three television stations, two newspapers, and a
television news anchor defamed him when they reported information relating to his pending
charges for armed robbery and first degree murder.
To state a claim under Section 1983, a plaintiff must allege that a defendant acted “under
color” of state law. 42 U.S.C. § 1983. “[T]he under-color-of-state-law element of § 1983
excludes from its reach merely private conduct, no matter how discriminatory or wrongful[.]”
Am. Mfrs. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Sullivan, 526 U.S. 40, 50 (1999) (internal quotation marks and quoted
sources omitted).
Here, Channel 12 KSLA, Channel 3 KTBS, Channel 6 KTBS, Shreveport Times, Doug
Waner of Channel 12 News, and the Inquisitor Newspaper are, manifestly, private
citizens/entities, and Plaintiff does not offer any plausible allegations to establish that they acted
under color of state law. See Lavergne v. Turk, 583 F. App'x 367, 368 (5th Cir. 2014) (observing
that Independent Media group was a private citizen); Bui Phu Xuan v. Fort Worth Star Telegram,
277 F. App’x 452, 454 (5th Cir. 2008) (observing that the Star-Telegram, which allegedly
published two libelous articles about the appellant, was a private party).
Plaintiff does mention the phrase, “working hand and hand [sic],” which could
theoretically imply that the private defendants conspired, or acted in concert with, state actors.
[doc. # 1, p. 5]. However, “[f]or a private citizen . . . to be held liable under § 1983, ‘the plaintiff
must allege and prove that the citizen conspired with or acted in concert with state actors.’”
5
Lavergne, 583 F. App'x at 368 (quoting Mylett v. Jeane, 879 F.2d 1272, 1275 (5th Cir. 1989)).
“A plaintiff satisfies this burden by alleging and proving ‘(1) an agreement between the private
and public defendants to commit an illegal act and (2) a deprivation of constitutional rights.
Allegations that are merely conclusory, without reference to specific facts, will not suffice.’” Id.
(quoting Priester v. Lowndes County, 354 F.3d 414, 420 (5th Cir. 2004)).
Here, Plaintiff offers the phrase, “working hand and hand [sic],” in an incomprehensible
context. [doc. # 1, p. 5]. From what little the undersigned can discern, it appears Plaintiff alleges
that state actors worked hand-in-hand with other state actors. To the extent he alleges that the
private entities worked hand-in-hand with state actors, his allegations are entirely conclusory.
Plaintiff, in other words, does not plausibly allege that the private entities conspired, or acted in
concert with state actors. As these Defendants did not act under color of state law, Plaintiff’s
allegations against them should be dismissed as frivolous and for failure to state a claim on
which relief can be granted.3
Recommendation
For the foregoing reasons, IT IS RECOMMENDED that Plaintiff Dennis Ray Davis,
Jr.’s claims against Louisiana Appellate Project, Chad M. Iker, Christopher A. Aberle, and
Michael Enright be DISMISSED as frivolous and malicious WITHOUT PREJUDICE to
Plaintiff’s right to prosecute his pending, duplicative proceedings. The claims should otherwise
3 See Lavergne, 583 F. App'x at 368; Bui Phu Xuan, 277 F. App'x at 454 (affirming the
dismissal, as frivolous, of a prisoner’s libel claim against a newspaper because the prisoner did
not allege that the newspaper acted under color of state law); Miller v. Graham, 447 F. App'x
549, 551 (5th Cir. 2011) (acknowledging that “a private individual may be deemed to act under
color of law in certain circumstances, such as when a person conspires with state actors[,]” but
affirming the dismissal of the appellant’s claim because the appellant “presented no specific facts
showing an agreement between the private defendants and any state actor in this case.”).
6
be DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDED that Plaintiff's claims against Channel 12 KSLA,
Channel 3 KTBS, Channel 6 KTBS, Shreveport Times, Doug Waner of Channel 12 News, and
the Inquisitor Newspaper be DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE as frivolous and for failing to
state claims on which relief can be granted.
Under the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C) and Rule 72(b), parties aggrieved by
this recommendation have fourteen (14) days from service of this Report and Recommendation
to file specific, written objections with the Clerk of Court. A party may respond to another
party’s objections within fourteen (14) days after being served with a copy of any objections or
response to the district judge at the time of filing.
Failure to file written objections to the proposed factual findings and/or the
proposed legal conclusions reflected in this Report and Recommendation within fourteen
(14) days following the date of its service, or within the time frame authorized by Fed. R.
Civ. P. 6(b), shall bar an aggrieved party from attacking either the factual findings or the
legal conclusions accepted by the District Court, except upon grounds of plain error. See
Douglass v. United Services Automobile Association, 79 F.3d 1415 (5th Cir. 1996).
In Chambers, Monroe, Louisiana, this 11" day of March, 2019.
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUS