The opinion
In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
No. 21-1690V
KYLE PAPPAS,
Chief Special Master Corcoran
Petitioner,
v. Filed: May 13, 2024
SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES,
Respondent.
Nancy Routh Meyers, Turning Point Litigation, Greensboro, NC, for Petitioner.
Mary Eileen Holmes, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent.
DECISION ON ATTORNEY’S FEES AND COSTS1
On August 12, 2021, Kyle Pappas filed a petition for compensation under the
National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42 U.S.C. §300aa-10, et seq.2 (the
“Vaccine Act”). Petitioner alleged he suffered a Table injury – Guillain-Barré syndrome
(“GBS”) – as a result of an influenza vaccine received on November 24, 2019. Petition at
1. On October 6, 2023, I issued a decision awarding compensation to Petitioner, following
briefing and expedited Motions Day argument by the parties. ECF No. 41.
1 Because this Decision contains a reasoned explanation for the action taken in this case, it must be made
publicly accessible and will be posted on the United States Court of Federal Claims' website, and/or
at https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/uscourts/national/cofc, in accordance with the E-Government
Act of 2002. 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2018) (Federal Management and Promotion of Electronic Government
Services). This means the Decision will be available to anyone with access to the internet. In
accordance with Vaccine Rule 18(b), Petitioner has 14 days to identify and move to redact medical or other
information, the disclosure of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of privacy. If, upon review, I
agree that the identified material fits within this definition, I will redact such material from public access.
2
National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for ease
of citation, all section references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. §
300aa (2018).
Petitioner has now filed a motion for attorney’s fees and costs, requesting an award
of $77,697.87 as follows:
1. $76,652.26 (representing $75,435.00 for fees and $1,217.26 for costs) for
Petitioner’s counsel’s current law firm, Turning Point Litigation; and
2. $1,045.61 (representing $804.00 for fees and $241.61 for costs) for Petitioner’s
counsel’s prior law firm, Black Ward Law.
Petitioner’s Motion for Fees and Costs filed Apr. 15, 2024, ECF No. 48; ECF 48-1 at 15-
16. In accordance with General Order No. 9, Petitioner filed a signed statement indicating
that he incurred no out-of-pocket expenses. ECF No. 48-4.
Respondent reacted to the motion on April 16, 2024, indicating that he is satisfied
that the statutory requirements for an award of attorney’s fees and costs are met in this
case, but deferring resolution of the amount to be awarded to my discretion. Respondent’s
Response to Motion at 2-3, 3 n.2, ECF No. 49. The same day, Petitioner filed a reply
stating that Petitioner “concurs with Respondent’s recommendation.” ECF No. 50.
Having considered the motion along with the invoices and other proof filed in
connection, I find reductions in the amount of fees to be awarded appropriate, for the
reasons set forth below.
ANALYSIS
The Vaccine Act permits an award of reasonable attorney’s fees and costs. Section
15(e). Counsel must submit fee requests that include contemporaneous and specific
billing records indicating the service performed, the number of hours expended on the
service, and the name of the person performing the service. See Savin v. Sec’y of Health
& Hum. Servs., 85 Fed. Cl. 313, 316-18 (2008). Counsel should not include in their fee
requests hours that are “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton v.
Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting Hensley v.
Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). It is “well within the special master’s discretion to
reduce the hours to a number that, in [her] experience and judgment, [is] reasonable for
the work done.” Id. at 1522. Furthermore, the special master may reduce a fee request
sua sponte, apart from objections raised by respondent and without providing a petitioner
notice and opportunity to respond. See Sabella v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 86 Fed.
Cl. 201, 209 (2009). A special master need not engage in a line-by-line analysis of
petitioner’s fee application when reducing fees. Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Hum.
Servs., 102 Fed. Cl. 719, 729 (2011).
2
The petitioner “bears the burden of establishing the hours expended, the rates
charged, and the expenses incurred.” Wasson v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 24 Cl.
Ct. 482, 484 (1991). The Petitioner “should present adequate proof [of the attorney’s fees
and costs sought] at the time of the submission.” Wasson, 24 Cl. Ct. at 484 n.1.
Petitioner’s counsel “should make a good faith effort to exclude from a fee request hours
that are excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary, just as a lawyer in private
practice ethically is obligated to exclude such hours from his fee submission.” Hensley,
461 U.S. at 434.
ATTORNEY FEES
A. Hourly Rates
Petitioner requests hourly rates for attorneys and paralegals at Turning Point
Litigation performing work in this matter as follows:
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Nancy Meyers, Esq. X $430 $460 $490 $530
L. Cooper Harrell, Esq. X X X $470
Paralegals $150 $155 $160 $165 $180
ECF No. 48-1 at 1-15. The hourly rates requested for all work performed at Ward Black
Law and work performed at Turning Point Litigation by Ms. Meyers and paralegals
through 2023, are reasonable and consistent with prior determinations. Additionally,
Petitioner has also requested a 2024 attorney hourly rate of $530 for work performed by
Nancy Meyers - representing a rate increase of $40,3 and a 2024 paralegal hourly rate of
$180 - representing a rate increase of $15. Id. at 1, 14-15. I find these 2024 hourly rates
to be reasonable, and will therefore be adopted. However, the 2023 attorney hourly rate
requested for L. Cooper Harrell requires adjustment.
For his 2023 work, Mr. Harrell had 21 years of overall experience, but less than
one year of experience in the Vaccine Program.4 Thus, his 2023 hourly rate should fall
3 Although this yearly increase is greater than I normally would allow, it is due to the arguably lower hourly
rate assigned to Ms. Meyers 2023 work, not because her requested 2024 rate is too high.
4 An attorney’s level of experience is calculated at the beginning of each year and is generally based upon
the attorney’s bar date. See McCulluch v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 09–293V, 2015 WL 5634323,
at *17 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015) (providing the framework for determining the appropriate
compensation for attorneys' fees based upon the attorneys' experience). No adjustment is made for the
3
within the range allowed for attorneys with 20 to 30 years of overall experience ($450 -
$534), albeit on the lower end of this range.5 Properly reflecting his levels of experience
(both overall and vaccine-related experience), Mr. Harrell’s 2022 hourly rate ($430) is
close to the minimal for the 2022 range ($427 - $507).6 After obtaining only one more
year of experience within this ten year range, Mr. Harrell has requested a 2023 hourly
rate of $470 - representing a $40 increase and placing him almost one-fourth of the
distance above the 2023 minimal amount ($450). Although the quality of Mr. Harrell’s
work is good, his lower overall, and especially his lack of vaccine-related experience,
dictates the application of a slightly lower hourly rate. Thus, I will award attorney’s fees
for the 2023 work performed by Mr. Harrell using a rate of $460 per hour. This results in
a reduction of $1,227.00 from the attorney’s fees paid to Turning Point Litigation.7
B. Hours Billed
Regarding the number of hours billed, I deem the total amount of time devoted to
briefing damages to be excessive. See Status Report, filed Jan. 25, 2023, ECF No. 31;
Petitioner’s Damages Brief, filed Apr. 25, 2023, ECF No. 35; Petitioner’s Reply in Further
Support of Damages, filed June 26, 2023, ECF No. 38; Hearing Minute Entry dated
October 6, 2023 (regarding proceedings on Oct. 6, 2023). Petitioner’s counsel expended
approximately 55.7 hours drafting the damages brief, and 37.6 hours drafting a
responsive damages brief, totaling 93.38 hours. ECF No. 48-1 at 9-13.
exact month when the attorney passed the bar. Because he was first barred in 2001, Mr. Harrell had 21
years of experience at the beginning of 2023. Petitioner appears to be using an incorrect method when
calculating levels of experience as she lists Mr. Harrell’s overall level of experience for 2024, as 23 years.
ECF No. 52-1 at 1. Likewise, she has listed a level of experience one year greater than is accurate for all
attorneys. Id. Petitioner’s counsel should note this error and make the necessary correction in future
motions.
5 See OSM Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedule: 2022 which can be found on the Court’s website
at www.uscfc.uscourts.gov (last visited May 6, 2024).
6 See OSM Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedule: 2023 which can be found on the Court’s website
at www.uscfc.uscourts.gov (last visited May 6, 2024).
7 This amount is calculated as follows: ($470 - $460) x 122.7 hrs. = $1,227.00.
8 This total is calculated as follows: 1.0 hours billed on 4/25/23 (0.5 and 0.3 hours) and 6/26/23, billed by
Nancy Meyers at a rate of $490 per hour; and 92.3 hours billed on 3/28/23, 3/30/23, 4/4/23, 4/6/23, 4/9/23,
4/10/23, 4/11/23, 4/12/23, 4/13/23, 4/16/23, 4/17/23, 4/18/23, 4/19/23, 4/20/23, 4/21/23, 4/22/23, 4/23/23,
4/24/23, 4/25/23, 6/16/23, 6/17/23, 6/18/23, 6/19/23, 6/20/23, 6/21/23, 6/22/23, 6/23/23, 6/25/23, and
6/26/23, billed by L. Cooper Harrell at a rate of $460 per hour, after the rate decrease detailed in this Fee
Decision. See supra Attorney Fees, Section A.
4
My above calculation does not include time spent preparing the initial demand
which would have informed this later work, and I am therefore awarding fees associated
with that task in full. Nor am I counting time spent communicating with Petitioner and
preparing additional supporting documentation such as affidavits or signed declarations,
which is also being awarded in full. See, e.g., ECF No. 48-1 at 11 (entry dated 4/26/23).
It is unreasonable for counsel to spend so much time briefing the issue of damages
in this case, once the sum in question is calculated, and where the issues presented are
not complex. I have identified numerous cases (which may reasonably be compared to
time spent in this matter),9 in which attorneys have accomplished this task in less than
half the time.10 See, e.g., Hobbs v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 21-1442V (Apr. 9,
2024) (18.0 and 4.8 hours billed for drafting a damages brief and responsive damages
brief, respectively); Poteet v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 20-1295V (Apr. 1, 2024)
(19.4 and 12.2 hours billed for drafting a damages brief and responsive damages brief,
respectively); Vallee v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 20-1381V (Mar. 26, 2024) (7.1
and 4.1 hours billed for drafting a damages brief and responsive damages brief,
respectively); Staffaroni v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 21-1951V (Nov. 2, 2023)
(19.2 and 5.4 hours billed for drafting a damages brief and responsive damages brief,
respectively); Granville v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 21-2098V (Oct. 25, 2023)
(16.4 and 6.2 hours billed for drafting a damages brief and responsive damages brief,
respectively); Schenck v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 21-1768V (Oct. 20, 2023)
(8.0 and 3.2 hours billed for drafting a damages brief and responsive damages brief,
respectively); Weil v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 21-0831V (Oct. 20, 2023) (14.5
and 1.5 hours billed for drafting a damages brief and reviewing Respondent’s responsive
damages brief, respectively); Hernandez v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 21-1572V
(July 21, 2023) (14.7 hours billed for drafting a damages brief); Miles v. Sec’y of Health &
Hum. Servs., No. 20-0146V (July 20, 2023) (16.4 and 7.2 hours billed for drafting a
damages brief and responsive damages brief, respectively); Merchant v. Sec’y of Health
& Hum. Servs., No. 20-0450V (July 12, 2023) (15.5 and 2.7 hours billed for drafting a
damages brief and responsive damages brief, respectively); Elenteny v. Sec’y of Health
& Hum. Servs., No. 19-1972V (May 31, 2023) (16.7 hours billed for drafting a damages
brief); Miller v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 21-1559V (May 30, 2023) (17.5 and
4.5 hours billed for drafting a damages brief and responsive damages brief, respectively).
The circumstances of this case did not warrant devoting so much time to damages
briefing. The only compensation sought by Petitioner, and thus, the only area of dispute
was the appropriate amount of compensation for Petitioner’s past pain and suffering. See
9 Special masters may use comparisons to attorneys performing similar tasks to determine if hours are
excessive. See Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1518-1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993).
10 These decisions can be found on the United States Court of Federal Claims website, and/or
at https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/uscourts/national/cofc (last visited Feb. 7, 2024).
5
Pappas v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 21-1690V, 2023 WL 7298437 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. Oct. 6, 2023). Furthermore, the parties’ views differed by only $20,000.00 -
Petitioner sought $180,000.00, and Respondent countered with $160,000.00, and I
ultimately awarded $172,500.00. Id. at *1. Furthermore, I was able to issue an
abbreviated decision in this case. Id. at 1-2.
Of course, having prevailed in this case, a fees award is generally appropriate.
See Pappas, 2023 WL 7298437, at *1. But the Act permits only an award of a reasonable
amount of attorney’s fees. Accordingly, I will reduce the sum to be awarded for damages
briefing (a total of 93.3 hours, or $42,948.00) by thirty percent. Such an across-the-
board reduction (which I am empowered to adopt)11 fairly captures the overbilling
evidenced by this work, without requiring me to act as a “green eye-shaded accountant”
in identifying with specificity each objectionable task relevant to this one sub-area of work
performed on the case. This results in a further reduction of $12,884.40 from the
attorney’s fees paid to Turning Point Litigation.12
ATTORNEY COSTS
Petitioner requests $1,217.26 in costs incurred by Turning Point Litigation and
$241.61 in costs incurred by Ward Black Law and has provided receipts for all but $1.91
in postage, which I will nevertheless allow. ECF No. 48-1 at 15-53; ECF No. 48-2 at 2;
ECF No 48-3. And Respondent offered no specific objection to the rates or amounts
sought.
CONCLUSION
The Vaccine Act permits an award of reasonable attorney’s fees and costs for
successful claimants. Section 15(e). Accordingly, I hereby GRANT Petitioner’s Motion for
attorney’s fees and costs. I award a total of $63,586.47 (representing $62,127.60 for
fees and $1,458.87 in costs) as a lump sum in the form of a check jointly payable
to Petitioner and Petitioner’s counsel’s current law firm, Turning Point Litigation.13
11 Special masters are permitted to employ percentage reductions to hours billed, provided the reduction is
sufficiently explained. See, e.g., Abbott v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 135 Fed. Cl. 107, 111 (2017);
Raymo v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs, 129 Fed. Cl. 691, 702-704 (2016); Sabella v. Sec’y of Health &
Hum. Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 214 (2009).
12 This amount is calculated as follows: (1.0 hrs. x $490 x .30) + (92.3 hrs. x $460 x .30) = $12,884.40.
13 Petitioner’s counsel represents that she will ensure the proper funds are paid to Ward Black Law. ECF
No. 48 at 2.
6
In the absence of a timely-filed motion for review (see Appendix B to the Rules of the
Court), the Clerk of Court shall enter judgment in accordance with this decision.14
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/Brian H. Corcoran
Brian H. Corcoran
Chief Special Master
14 Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), the parties may expedite entry of judgment by filing a joint notice
renouncing their right to seek review.
7