The opinion
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA
HUNTINGTON DIVISION
OLIVIA DEAN, ADMINITRATRIX OF
THE ESTATE OF JAMES D. DEAN,
Plaintiff,
v. Case No.: 3:21-cv-00197
CITY OF KENOVA, et al.,
Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION and ORDER
Pending is Defendant City of Kenova’s Motion to Compel and Integrated
Memorandum of Law in Support Thereof. (ECF No. 91). Plaintiff has filed a response in
opposition to the Motion, (ECF No. 96), and the City of Kenova has replied. (ECF No. 98).
Therefore, the issues are fully briefed. For the following reasons, the Court GRANTS, in
part, and DENIES, in part, the Motion to Compel.
This case involves the death of James D. Dean after his arrest by a City of Kenova
police officer on April 5, 2019. Mr. Dean suffered a head injury while walking from a police
cruiser into the police station and was taken to Cabell Huntington Hospital where he died
seventeen days later. Plaintiff claims that Mr. Dean’s death was the result of excessive and
inappropriate force used by the police officer against Mr. Dean. Defendants admit that
force was used, but claim that it was appropriate given Mr. Dean’s aggressive and
threatening behavior toward the officer. Defendants also contest the cause of Mr. Dean’s
death.
The parties dispute answers provided by Plaintiff to discovery requests posed by
the City of Kenova. Specifically, the City of Kenova argues that Plaintiff has failed to
provide full and complete responses to Requests for Admission Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 24,
and 28 and Request for Production of Documents No. 10. These discovery requests are
addressed below.
1. Requests for Admission Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 12: These requests ask Plaintiff to admit
that James D. Dean had a history of substance abuse, physical aggression, verbal
aggression, and displayed physically aggressive behavior on the day of his arrest. Plaintiff
objected to the requests on the grounds that the terms “substance abuse,” “aggression,”
and “physically aggressive behavior” were undefined, making the requests vague and
ambiguous. Plaintiff also contended that the lack of time frames and other details left her
without sufficient information to respond. These objections are without merit. When
responding to a request for admission, Plaintiff “should exercise reason and common
sense to attribute an ordinary definition” to a term or phrase. Deakins v. Pack, No. 1:10-
1396, 2012 WL 242859, *29 (S.D.W. Va. Jan. 25, 2012) (citing McCoo v. Denny’s, Inc.,
192 F.R.D. 675, 694 (D. Kan. 2000)). “Substance abuse,” “aggression,” and “physically
aggressive behavior” are all common words and phrases used in the English language and
do not require any special training or education to understand. Moreover, Plaintiff’s claim
that the lack of time frames and targets of aggression make the requests more difficult for
her to answer is nonsensical. To the contrary, the fact that the defendant is not asking for
specific details makes the requests easier to answer. As these requests are simple and
straightforward, the motion to compel is GRANTED. Plaintiff shall provide full and
complete responses to these requests within ten days of the date of this Order.
2. Request for Admission No. 4: This request asks Plaintiff to admit that James D.
Dean’s criminal record includes charges for domestic violence and/or assault. Plaintiff
denied the request “as written” indicating that Mr. Dean’s records “speak for themselves.”
Plaintiff also objected on the grounds of relevance and admissibility. The defendant
argues that these objections should be overruled, indicating that records do not “speak
for themselves” and such an objection is “textbook folklore.” (ECF No. 91 at 4). Defendant
adds that Plaintiff should be compelled to fully answer the request because she “clearly”
has knowledge of Mr. Dean’s criminal record. (ECF No. 98 at 11).
Unfortunately, neither party provides the Court with a decent argument regarding
this request for admission. As stated, the defendant contends that Plaintiff is familiar with
Mr. Dean’s criminal history. In support of that contention, Defendant attaches a police
statement taken from Plaintiff dated April 5, 2019, which does not establish anything
other than that Plaintiff knew what happened to her on that particular day. It does not
convey a general familiarity with Mr. Dean’s criminal history. Neither party states
whether Mr. Dean’s criminal record has been produced in the case; neither party indicates
whether Plaintiff has been asked in deposition about her knowledge of Mr. Dean’s
criminal history; neither addresses the issues of admissibility or relevance. Defendant is
correct that saying a record “speaks for itself” is not a sufficient discovery response. See
Frontier-Kemper Constructors, Inc. v. Elk Run Coal Co., Inc., 246 F.R.D. 522, 531-32
(S.D.W. Va. 2007). On the other hand, Plaintiff is correct that asking her to guess about
whether Mr. Dean’s criminal record includes a charge of domestic violence and/or
assault, without providing a record or any context, is questionable; particularly, given the
purpose of requests for admission. Accordingly, the motion to compel this request for
admission is GRANTED, in part, and DENIED, in part. Plaintiff is ORDERED within
ten days of the date of this Order to answer the request. If she knows that Mr. Dean has
been so charged, she should admit the request. If she knows that he has not been so
charged, she should deny the request. If after conducting a reasonable inquiry, she does
not know one way or the other, she should advise the defendant that the information she
has or can readily obtain is insufficient to allow her to admit or deny the request. If
Plaintiff has a relevancy objection, then she must provide a detailed argument. The
argument should be tailored to relevancy in the context of discovery. Admissibility is not
a basis to object to providing an answer.
3. Request for Admission No. 8: Defendant asks Plaintiff to admit that James D.
Dean “was suffering from bipolar disorder at the time of the alleged incident.” Plaintiff
stated that she could neither admit nor deny this request due to the medical nature of the
disorder. Defendant argues that Plaintiff should be compelled to respond to this request,
because there are medical records in the case file showing that Mr. Dean had a history of
bipolar disorder. In addition, Defendant points out that Plaintiff responded to
interrogatories and stated that she believed Mr. Dean suffered from bipolar disorder since
the early 2000s.
Had Defendant’s request asked Plaintiff to admit that Mr. Dean had a history of
suffering from bipolar disease, then her answer would not have been acceptable.
However, the defendant asked Plaintiff to admit that Mr. Dean was “suffering” from
bipolar disease “at the time of” the alleged incident. That request is confusing for someone
without psychological training. How bipolar disease affects the mind; whether it goes into
remission; whether it can be cured or is always present; how it manifests; and what it
means to “suffer” from bipolar disorder are all questions beyond the expertise of non-
medical individuals. Whether the question implies a scenario that Mr. Dean was
exhibiting symptoms of bipolar disorder on that date of his arrest, or simply carried a
diagnosis of the condition at that time, is also ambiguous. Accordingly, Defendant’s
motion to compel is DENIED as to this request for admission.
4. Request for Admission No. 24: In this request, Plaintiff is asked to admit that
she alleged that the actions or inactions of the medical providers who attended to Mr.
Dean’s head injury proximately caused his death. Plaintiff denied the request “as written”
and then proceeded to provide a legal argument regarding causation. Defendant argues
that Plaintiff should be compelled to answer this request without the qualifiers, because
it is a fact that she sued Cabell Huntington Hospital and other medical providers on behalf
of Mr. Dean’s estate claiming that they committed medical malpractice which caused his
death. In response, Plaintiff quibbles with the phraseology of the request for admission.
The undersigned agrees with Defendant. Defendant is not required to quote from
Plaintiff’s complaint in order to obtain a truthful and complete answer from Plaintiff.
Indeed, according to the complaint supplied by Plaintiff, she did allege that the medical
negligence of the health care providers was a direct and proximate cause of Mr. Dean’s
death. Therefore, the motion to compel an answer to this request is GRANTED, and
Plaintiff is ORDERED to provide a complete response within ten days of the date of
this Order.
5. Request for Admission No. 28: Plaintiff is asked to admit that she withdrew
funds from James D. Dean’s bank accounts for her own use during the eighteen months
before his arrest. Plaintiff denied the request based upon a qualifier that she added of her
own accord. Such an answer is entirely improper. In her opposition memorandum,
Plaintiff attempts to argue objections that she never raised in response to the request for
admission. That also is not appropriate. The request is simple and direct. It requires no
qualifiers. Therefore, the motion to compel a complete answer to this request is
GRANTED. Plaintiff is ORDERED to provide such an answer to the request—as it is
written—within ten days of the date of this Order.
6. Request for Production of Documents No. 10: In West Virginia, a plaintiff is
required by statute to produce a screening certificate of merit in order to pursue a medical
professional liability action. See W. Va. Code § 55-7B-6(b). Consequently, when Plaintiff
sued the health care providers on behalf of the estate of Mr. Dean, she submitted such a
screening certificate. The defendant requested a copy of the certificate, which Plaintiff
refused to provide on the grounds that it was protected from discovery by the attorney-
client privilege and or attorney/work product doctrine and by statutory confidentiality,
citing W. V. Code § 55-7B-6(j).
Defendant argues that the Court should compel Plaintiff to produce the screening
certificate of merit because it is relevant and discoverable. Defendant does not address
the statutory confidentiality claimed by Plaintiff, but contends that it is fundamentally
unfair to prohibit it from reviewing a document that applies to the negligence of unnamed
parties that may be apportioned fault in this case. Defendant acknowledges that it may
not be able to admit the screening certificate as evidence in a court proceeding, but asserts
that inadmissibility does not prevent it from obtaining a copy of the certificate in
discovery.
Plaintiff relies entirely upon the West Virginia statute for her claim that the
screening certificate of merit is entitled to special protection from disclosure in discovery.
Subsection (j) of the statute states:
Notwithstanding any other provision of this code, a notice of claim, a health
care provider's response to any notice claim, a screening certificate of merit,
and the results of any mediation conducted pursuant to the provisions of
this section are confidential and are not admissible as evidence in any court
proceeding unless the court, upon hearing, determines that failure to
disclose the contents would cause a miscarriage of justice.
W. Va. Code Ann. § 55-7B-6. Clearly, the statute does not intend for the screening
certificate to constitute attorney/client communications or traditional attorney-work
product, because the certificate is designed to be shared with the health care provider
against whom the professional liability claim is asserted. As such, its disclosure to an
adverse party is presumed at its inception. Consequently, the typical analysis that would
accompany a motion to compel documents withheld under Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(5) does
not apply to a screening certificate of merit. Furthermore, the statute is silent about
whether the confidentiality of the screening certificate shields it from disclosure in the
context of discovery; instead, the statute only provides that the screening certificate may
not be admitted into evidence unless a court determines that the failure to disclose its
contents would cause a miscarriage of justice. Although cases addressing the matter are
quite sparse, a screening certificate of merit has been admitted into evidence on at least
one occasion in this Court. See Sumpter v. United States, No. 5:16-cv-08951, 2019 WL
4491517, at *6 (S.D.W. Va. Sept. 18, 2019).
As the West Virginia statute provides no further guidance, the Court must examine
the federal discovery rules to determine if the screening certificate should be produced in
discovery. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b) states:
Unless otherwise limited by court order, the scope of discovery is as follows:
Parties may obtain discovery regarding any nonprivileged matter that is
relevant to any party's claim or defense and proportional to the needs of the
case, considering the importance of the issues at stake in the action, the
amount in controversy, the parties' relative access to relevant information,
the parties' resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the
issues, and whether the burden or expense of the proposed discovery
outweighs its likely benefit. Information within this scope of discovery need
not be admissible in evidence to be discoverable.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b). Undoubtedly, the negligence of the health care providers and their
role in causing the death of Mr. Dean, if any, are relevant to the defenses of the
defendants. The screening certificate of merit, as stated, is not a privileged document and,
as such, is discoverable. The undersigned is unaware of any protective order prohibiting
its production in this case. The certificate is not burdensome to provide and is certainly
proportional to the needs of the case. Ultimately, the Court may determine that the
certificate is not admissible into evidence, but that does not prevent it from being
produced in discovery. See, e.g., Binder v. Dewar Nurseries, Inc., No. 2:20-cv-01735-
DCN, 2022 WL 2276221, at *9 (D.S.C. Jun. 23, 2022) (holding that it is “well-established
that, ‘[iJnformation within this scope of discovery need not be admissible in evidence to
be discoverable.”) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1)). Therefore, the motion to compel
production of the screening certificate of merit is granted. Plaintiff is ORDERED to
provide the defendants with a copy of the certificate within ten days of the date of this
Order.
The Clerk is directed to provide a copy of this Order to counsel of record.
ENTERED: November 2, 2022
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Uni Ates Magistrate Judge
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