“[T]he 4 provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) are not limited to prisoners.”
How later courts described this case
- “[T]he 4 provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) are not limited to prisoners.”
- holding that “[t]he fact that a party was named in the original complaint is 14 irrelevant; an amended pleading supersedes the original”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
1
2
3
4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON
5 AT TACOMA
6
WILLIAM LUCAS MCVEIGH,
Case No. C23-5902 BHS
7 Plaintiff,
v. ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE
8
PIERCE COUNTY,
9
Defendants.
10
11 This matter comes before the Court on Plaintiff’s motion for leave to proceed in
12 forma pauperis. Dkt. 5. Having reviewed Plaintiff’s motion and his proposed complaint,
13 the Court declines to grant Plaintiff’s motion at this time. Plaintiff may, by November 27,
14 2023, either: (1) explain and show cause why the complaint should not be dismissed, or
15 (2) file an amended complaint.
16 DISCUSSION
17 A. Standard
18 The district court may permit indigent litigants to proceed IFP upon completion of a
19 proper affidavit of indigency. See 28 U.S.C. §1915(a). However, the court has broad
20 discretion in denying an application to proceed IFP. Weller v. Dickson, 314 F.2d 598
21 (9th Cir. 1963), cert. denied 375 U.S. 845 (1963).
22 The Court must subject each civil action commenced pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
23 1915(a) to mandatory screening and order the sua sponte dismissal of any case that is
24
1 “frivolous or malicious,” “fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted,” or “seeks
2 monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. §
3 1915(e)(2)(B); see also Calhoun v. Stahl, 254 F.3d 845, 845 (9th Cir. 2001) (“[T]he
4 provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) are not limited to prisoners.”); Lopez v. Smith,
5 203 F.3d 1122, 1126–27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) (noting that 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e) “not
6 only permits but requires” the court to sua sponte dismiss an IFP complaint that fails to
7 state a claim). An IFP complaint is frivolous if “it ha[s] no arguable substance in law or
8 fact.” Tripati v. First Nat’l Bank & Trust, 821 F.2d 1368, 1369 (9th Cir. 1987) (citing
9 Rizzo v. Dawson, 778 F.2d 527, 529 (9th Cir. 1985); see also Franklin v. Murphy, 745
10 F.2d 1221, 1228 (9th Cir. 1984).
11 A pro se plaintiff’s complaint is to be construed liberally, but like any other complaint
12 it must nevertheless contain factual assertions sufficient to support a facially plausible
13 claim for relief. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, (2009) (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v.
14 Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). A claim for relief is facially plausible when “the
15 plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference
16 that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678.
17 Unless it is absolutely clear that no amendment can cure the defects of a complaint,
18 a pro se litigant is entitled to notice of the complaint’s deficiencies and an opportunity to
19 amend prior to dismissal of the action. See Lucas v. Dep't of Corr., 66 F.3d 245, 248
20 (9th Cir.1995). Leave to amend need not be granted “where the amendment would be
21 futile or where the amended complaint would be subject to dismissal.” Saul v. United
22 States, 928 F.2d 829, 843 (9th Cir. 1991).
23
24
1 B. Plaintiff’s Proposed Complaint
2 Here, Plaintiff claims that Defendant Pierce County violated his Fifth and
3 Fourteenth Amendment rights. Dkt. 5-1 at p. 7. Plaintiff states that Pierce County has
4 initiated proceedings for the taking of Plaintiff’s real property without due process or an
5 offer of compensation. Plaintiff provided the parcel number, but did not allege facts
6 beyond this in his complaint.
7 The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment, states that no person shall be
8 deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. Plaintiff’s Fifth
9 Amendment claim fails as a matter of law, because the Fifth Amendment due process
10 clause “only applies to the federal government.” Bingue v. Prunchak, 512 F.3d 1169,
11 1174 (9th Cir.2008); see also Castillo v. McFaddan, 399 F.3d 993, 1002 n. 5 (9th
12 Cir.2005) (“[Plaintiff’s] citation of the Fifth Amendment was, of course, incorrect. The
13 Fifth Amendment prohibits the federal government from depriving persons of due
14 process, while the Fourteenth Amendment explicitly prohibits deprivations without due
15 process by the several States.”). Plaintiff names only Pierce County as a defendant1.
16 To the extent Plaintiff wishes to bring a Taking Clause claim through the
17 Fourteenth Amendment, Plaintiff must allege that his property was taken for public use
18 without just compensation. See Ward v. Ryan, 623 F.3d 807, 810 (9th Cir. 2010).
19 Specifically, Plaintiff must show“ ‘an independent source such as state law’ ... define[s]
20 the range of interests that qualify for protection as ‘property’ under the Fifth
21 and Fourteenth Amendments.” Lucas v. S.C. Coastal Council, 505 U.S. 1003, 1030
22
23 1 Plaintiff names Pierce County “et al” as defendants in his complaint. He does not identify by name or
otherwise any other defendant. If Plaintiff seeks to name additional defendants, he must specifically
24 identify them in his amended complaint.
1 (1992). Once a state-created property right is established, the Court must then
2 determine “whether [that] property right has been abridged improperly (taken without just
3 compensation) or whether a plaintiff has given up the right to assert such a claim.” See
4 Vandervere v. Lloyd, 664 F.3d 957, 963 (9th Cir. 2011). Plaintiff, here, alleges only that
5 Pierce County took his property without just compensation, which is insufficient to state
6 a claim under the Fourteenth Amendment.
7 CONCLUSION
8 Given the deficiencies addressed above, the Court will not grant Plaintiff’s
9 application to proceed in forma pauperis at this time. If Plaintiff chooses to file an
10 amended complaint, he is advised that an amended complaint supersedes (replaces)
11 the original complaint and, thus, the amended complaint must be complete in itself. See
12 Hal Roach Studios, Inc. v. Richard Feiner & Co., Inc., 896 F.2d 1542, 1546 (9th Cir.
13 1989) (holding that “[t]he fact that a party was named in the original complaint is
14 irrelevant; an amended pleading supersedes the original”). Plaintiff's amended
15 complaint must be filed by November 27, 2023, and must contain all claims, defendants,
16 and factual allegations that Plaintiff wishes to pursue in this lawsuit.
17 The Court further instructs the Clerk to re-note Plaintiff’s motion to November 27,
18 2023.
19 Dated this 7th day of November, 2023.
20
21
A
22
Theresa L. Fricke
23 United States Magistrate Judge
24