applying Johnson “good cause” requirement to motions to reopen discovery
How later courts described this case
- applying Johnson “good cause” requirement to motions to reopen discovery
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
8
WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON
AT TACOMA
9
10 JOJO DEOGRACIAS EJONGA,
CASE NO. 2:21-cv-01004-RJB-GJL
11 Plaintiff,
v.
ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S
12 MOTION TO COMPEL AND
CHERYL STRANGE, et al.,
GRANTING MOTION FOR
13 EXTENSION
Defendants.
14
15 This matter is before the Court on referral from the district court and on Plaintiff’s
16 motions to compel (Dkt. 134) and for an extension of time to respond to Defendants’ pending
17 motion for summary judgment (Dkt. 138). For the reasons discussed below, the Court denies
18 Plaintiff’s motion to compel, but extends the briefing schedule and noting date of Defendants’
19 motion for summary judgment.
20 I. BACKGROUND
21 Plaintiff, proceeding pro se and currently incarcerated at the Stafford Creek Corrections
22 Center (“SCCC”), brings 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claims against several Department of Corrections and
23 Washington State Reformatory (“WSR”) officials related to plaintiff’s previous incarceration at
24
1 WSR. Plaintiff’s original complaint, filed on July 27, 2021, challenged Defendants’ plans to
2 consolidate housing units at WSR in advance of a planned closure, and sought injunctive relief to
3 prevent the consolidation. Dkt. 7.
4 Defendants brought an early motion for summary judgment on September 24, 2021. Dkt.
5 28. Plaintiff responded with a request for additional time for discovery pursuant to Fed. R. Civ.
6 P. 56(d), stating he intended to seek documents supporting his claim but had not yet been able to
7 do so. Dkt. 37. On November 15, 2021, Magistrate Judge Creatura recommended striking
8 Defendants’ motion without prejudice as premature in light of the lack of discovery at the time,
9 and the District Court adopted the recommendation. Dkts. 44, 48.
10 Plaintiff sought a preliminary injunction (Dkt. 8), but was subsequently transferred to
11 SCCC,1 and the District Court therefore denied his request as moot. Dkt. 42. After the Court
12 issued an order to show cause why Plaintiff’s transfer did not render this matter moot, Plaintiff
13 sought—and was granted—leave to amend his complaint. Dkts. 49, 56, 64. Plaintiff filed his
14 Amended Complaint, the operative complaint in this matter, on April 20, 2022. Dkt. 65.
15 Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint seeks damages and challenges WSR officials’ handling of the
16 COVID-19 pandemic and the consolidation, as well as bringing retaliation and First Amendment
17 claims against additional defendants. Id.
18 The Court issued a scheduling order on April 22, 2022, setting a discovery cutoff of
19 September 23, 2022, and a dispositive motions deadline of October 21, 2022. Dkt. 66. In light of
20 multiple extensions of the noting date for Defendants’ motion to dismiss, the Court granted
21 Defendants’ request to extend the dispositive motion deadline to permit them to file a motion for
22
23
1 The record in this case shows plaintiff was transferred from WSR on November 1, 2021 to an interim facility, and
24 was transferred to SCCC on November 15, 2021. Dkt. 46.
1 summary judgment—extending the deadline to January 23, 2023. Dkt. 111. Plaintiff then
2 requested a one-month extension of the discovery cutoff, contending COVID-19 lockdowns had
3 prevented him from accessing his facility’s law library. Dkt. 112. The Court granted Plaintiff’s
4 motion, reopening discovery with a new cutoff of January 23, 2023, and a further extension of
5 the dispositive motion deadline to February 23, 2023. Dkt. 120. On February 23, 2023,
6 Defendants filed their motion for summary judgment. Dkt. 131.
7 On January 12, 2023, Plaintiff served written discovery requests on Defendants. Dkt.
8 137-1. On January 26, 2023, Plaintiff brought a second motion to extend the discovery deadline
9 in order to compel responses to his requests (Dkt. 126) and on February 28, 2023, filed a motion
10 to compel (Dkt. 134). On March 13, 2023, the Court issued an order reopening discovery for the
11 limited purpose of deciding Plaintiff’s motion to compel, and also renoted Defendants’ summary
12 judgment motion for April 21, 2023. Dkt. 135. On March 15, 2023, Plaintiff filed a motion
13 seeking an additional extension of the briefing schedule on Defendants’ motion for summary
14 judgment. Dkt. 138.
15 Defendants have filed a response to Plaintiff’s motion to compel (Dkt. 136) and Plaintiff
16 has filed a reply in support of that motion (Dkt. 139). Defendants also filed a response to
17 Plaintiff’s motion for an extension (Dkt. 140) and Plaintiff filed a reply (Dkt. 141).
18 II. DISCUSSION
19 A. Motion to Compel
20 Plaintiff seeks to compel Defendants to answer interrogatories and to produce documents
21 in response to his requests for production. Dkt. 134.2 Defendants contend the requests are
22
2 The Court notes that Plaintiff did not include with his motion a certification that he had met and conferred with
23 Defendants’ counsel pursuant to LCR 37(a)(1). However, it appears from Plaintiff’s motion that he has conducted a
telephone conference with Defendants’ counsel regarding the discovery requests. Dkt. 134 at 7. Furthermore,
24
1 defective because (1) they were untimely, as they were served less than 30 days before the
2 discovery cutoff, (2) they were not signed by Plaintiff pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(g)(1), and
3 (3) they did not specify the Defendant to whom they were directed. Dkt. 136 at 1–3. Defendants
4 further contend discovery should be strictly limited in light of their assertion of qualified
5 immunity, and argue that the specific requests are overly broad or otherwise objectionable. Id. at
6 7–15.
7 Plaintiff’s motion to compel, if granted, would require an additional reopening of
8 discovery. The court will modify dates set forth in a scheduling order only upon a showing of
9 good cause by the moving party. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 16(b); Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations,
10 Inc., 975 F.2d 604, 608 (9th Cir. 1992). The “good cause” standard also applies to requests
11 to reopen discovery. See, e.g., Sheridan v. Reinke, 611 F. App’x 381, 384 (9th Cir.
12 2015) (applying Johnson “good cause” requirement to motions to reopen discovery). The
13 primary factor courts consider in making a good cause determination is whether the moving
14 party was diligent in its attempts to complete discovery in a timely manner. See Johnson, 975
15 F.2d at 609. If that party was not diligent, the inquiry should end and the request should be
16 denied. Id. The decision to reopen discovery involves an exercise of discretion. See Hughes
17 Aircraft Co. v. United States, ex rel. William Schumer, 520 U.S. 939, 952 (1997). When
18 reopening discovery, courts must consider the following factors:
19 1) whether trial is imminent, 2) whether the request is opposed, 3) whether the non-
moving party would be prejudiced, 4) whether the moving party was diligent in
20 obtaining discovery within the guidelines established by the court, 5) the
foreseeability of the need for additional discovery in light of the time allowed
21
22
Defendants have not asserted there has been a failure to meet and confer. The Court will therefore consider the
23 motion to compel.
24
1 for discovery by the district court, and 6) the likelihood that the discovery will lead
to relevant evidence.
2
City of Pomona v. SQM N. Am. Corp., 866 F.3d 1060, 1066 (9th Cir. 2017) (cleaned up).
3
Here, Plaintiff has not demonstrated that he has been diligent as Plaintiff’s discovery
4
requests are untimely. Plaintiff served his requests on January 12, 2023, which was not
5
sufficiently in advance of the January 23, 2023 discovery cutoff to permit the 30-day response
6
time required by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(b)(2). The Court’s
7
Scheduling Order expressly warned Plaintiff of this requirement:
8
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 33(a) requires answers or objections to be served
9 within thirty (30) days after service of the interrogatories. The serving party,
therefore, must serve his/her interrogatories at least thirty (30) days before the
10 deadline in order to allow the other party time to answer.
11 Dkt. 66 at 1–2. Nonetheless, Plaintiff served his requests only 11 days, instead of 30 days,
12 before the deadline. Dkt. 137-1 at 12.
13 The Court has previously granted Plaintiff extensions of time to obtain discovery. Very
14 early in this case, in November 2021, Plaintiff expressed his intent to seek discovery—and the
15 Court struck Defendants’ initial motion for summary judgment to permit him an opportunity to
16 do so. Dkt. 44. Then, in October 2022, Plaintiff sought an extension of the discovery deadline—
17 apparently not having pursued any discovery during prior year. Dkt. 112. The Court granted
18 Plaintiff’s request (Dkt. 120)—but Plaintiff has failed to comply with the new deadline.
19 The Court concludes Plaintiff has not been diligent in obtaining discovery within the
20 guidelines established by the Court. Moreover, Defendants have opposed Plaintiff’s request for
21 an additional reopening of discovery, and will be prejudiced by continued delay of this case in
22 light of the multiple extensions that the Court has already granted. Plaintiff’s need for discovery
23 was foreseeable as far back as November, 2021, yet he did not serve his first interrogatories and
24
1 requests for production until January 12, 2023—after they were required to be served in order to
2 meet the extended deadline.
3 Plaintiff’s discovery requests are untimely and he has not demonstrated that a further
4 reopening of discovery is justified under the City of Pomona factors. Plaintiff’s Motion to
5 Compel (Dkt. 134) is therefore DENIED.
6 B. Extension of Time
7 Plaintiff requests a 45-day extension of time to respond to Defendants’ summary
8 judgment motion. Dkt. 138. Defendants oppose the request, arguing that Plaintiff is not entitled
9 to discovery and should therefore not receive an extension of the summary judgment deadlines in
10 order to obtain it. Dkt. 140.
11 The court will modify dates set forth in a scheduling order only upon a showing of good
12 cause by the moving party. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 16(b); Johnson, 975 F.2d at 608.
13 As discussed above, the Court finds discovery should not be reopened in this case.
14 However, it is in the interest of justice to provide Plaintiff adequate time to respond to
15 Defendants’ motion for summary judgment. Accordingly, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion
16 to extend the time to respond, and renotes Defendants’ motion for summary judgment for June
17 23, 2023. However, in light of the number of extensions Plaintiff has already received, the Court
18 will not grant further extensions absent extraordinary circumstances.
19 III. CONCLUSION
20 The Court therefore ORDERS as follows:
21 1. Plaintiff’s motion to compel (Dkt. 134) is DENIED;
22 2. Plaintiff’s motion for an extension of time to respond to Defendants’ motion for
23 summary judgment (Dkt. 138) is GRANTED. Plaintiff shall file his response on or before June
24
1 19, 2023 and Defendants may file a reply on or before June 23, 2023. The Clerk is directed to
2 renote Defendants’ motion (Dkt. 131) for June 23, 2023.
3 Dated this 18th day of May, 2023.
4
A
5
6 Grady J. Leupold
United States Magistrate Judge
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24