“The defendant, by his default, admits the plaintiff's well-pleaded allegations of fact, is concluded on those facts by the judgment, and is barred from contesting on appeal the facts thus established.”
How later courts described this case
- “The defendant, by his default, admits the plaintiff's well-pleaded allegations of fact, is concluded on those facts by the judgment, and is barred from contesting on appeal the facts thus established.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
□ Southern District of Texas
ENTERED
. February 14, 2024
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT Nathan Ochsner. Clerk
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
HOUSTON DIVISION
INNOVATIVE SPORTS MANAGEMENT, — §
INC., d/b/a INTEGRATED SPORTS MEDIA §
as Broadcast Licensee of the November 17, §
2020 Uruguay v. Brazil Soccer Game, §
§
Plaintiff, §
VS. § CIVIL ACTION NO. 4:22-cv-04105
§
PAISA’S TRUCK LLC, individually, and d/b/a §
PAISA’S TRUCK RESTAURANT; 2) JOSE §
MARQUEZ RAMIREZ a/k/a JOSE §
MARQUEZ, individually, and d/b/a PAISA’S
TRUCK RESTAURANT,
Defendants.
ORDER
Pending before the Court is a Motion for Default Judgment filed by Plaintiff Innovative
Sports Management, Inc. (“Plaintiff or “Innovative”). (Doc. No. 13). Defendants Paisa’s Truck
LLC, d/b/a Paisa’s Truck Restaurant, Jose Marquez Ramirez a/k/a Jose Marquez, and Paisa’s
Truck Restaurant (collectively, “Defendants”) have been served, have not appeared in the case,
and have not filed a response of any kind. Nevertheless, for the reasons explored below, the Court
hereby DENIES Plaintiff's motion.
I. Background
Plaintiff's Complaint alleges that it is the broadcast licensee of the November 17, 2020
Uruguay v. Brazil soccer game. Plaintiff alleges that it is the license company that was exclusively
authorized to sub-licensed the closed-circuit telecast of the game at theaters, arenas, bars, clubs,
lounges, and restaurants in Texas. Plaintiff claims that Defendants “willfully intercepted or
received the interstate communication” of the game telecast, misappropriating Plaintiff's licensed
exhibition of the game and infringing on Plaintiff's exclusive rights while avoiding payment. (Doc.
No. 13 at 11). Plaintiff states a cause of action against Defendants under 47 U.S.C. § 553 or § 605
and demands a judgment against Defendants jointly and severally for:
A. Statutory damages in an amount up to Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00) pursuant to
47 US.C. § 553(c)3)A)Gi);
B. Statutory damages for willfulness in an amount up to Fifty Thousand Dollars
($50,000.00), pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 553(c)(3)(B);
C. Statutory damages in an amount up to Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00) pursuant to
ATUS.C. § 605(e)3B)(OMUD;
D. Statutory damages in an amount up to One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00)
pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 605(e)(3)(C)(ii);
E. Full costs and expenses of this action, including reasonable attorney’s fees, pursuant to
47 U.S.C. §§ 553(c)(2)(C) and 605(e)(3)(B) (iii);
F. Pre and post-judgment interest at the highest rate permitted by law; and
G. Such other and further relief to which Plaintiff is entitled.
(Doc. No. 1 at 5).
Despite having been served with process, Defendants have not appeared in the case or filed
any responsive pleadings. On April 13, 2023, the clerk entered the Defendants’ default. (Doc. No.
15). Plaintiff also moved for default judgment pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 55(b).!
Il. Legal Standard
After default is entered, a plaintiff may seek default judgment under Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 55(b). See N.Y. Life Ins. Co. v. Brown, 84 F.3d 137, 141 (Sth Cir. 1996). The plaintiff
must submit evidence supporting that the defendant has been properly served with the summons,
complaint, and the default judgment motion. James Avery Craftsman, Inc. v. Sam Moon Trading
‘On August 8, 2023, Plaintiff filed a “Notice of Filing Order” (Doc. No. 17) and attached an Order signed by Senior
United States District Judge Terry J. Hatter, Jr. directing Plaintiff to cease prosecuting all pending lawsuits in other
courts due to the revocation of Plaintiff's New Jersey certificate of incorporation in 2015 for failure to pay the fees
associated with its annual reports. This Court then ordered Plaintiff to show cause why the Clerk’s Entry of Default
should not be set aside, why this case should not be dismissed, and/or why counsel for Plaintiff should not be
sanctioned. (Doc. No. 18). Plaintiff responded, asserting that Plaintiff has taken the necessary steps and actions to
secure compliance with the reinstatement requirements in New Jersey and that Plaintiff was restored to a corporation
in good standing by the New Jersey Department of the Treasury on August 22, 2023. (Doc. No. 19).
Enters., Ltd, No. 16-CV-463, 2018 WL 4688778, at *3 (W.D. Tex. July 5,
2018) (citing Bludworth Bond Shipyard, Inc. v. M/V Caribbean Wind, 841 F.2d 646, 649-51 (Sth
Cir. 1988)); Hazim v. Schiel & Denver Book Grp., No. H-12-1286, 2013 WL 2152109, at *1 (S.D.
Tex. May 16, 2013); S.D. TEX. LOCAL R. 5.5 (“Motions for default judgment must be served on
the defendant-respondent by certified mail (return receipt requested).”). Absent proper service, a
district court does not have personal jurisdiction over the defendant, and any default judgment is
void. See Recreational Props., Inc. v. Sw. Mortg. Serv. Corp., 804 F.2d 311, 314 (Sth Cir. 1986).
A “party is not entitled to a default judgment as a matter of right.” Lewis v. Lynn, 236 F.3d
766, 767 (Sth Cir. 2001) (per curiam) (quoting Ganther v. Ingle, 75 F.3d 207, 212 (Sth Cir. 1996)).
“Defaults are ‘generally disfavored.’” Koerner v. CMR Constr. & Roofing, L.L.C., 910 F.3d 221,
225 (Sth Cir. 2018) (quoting Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason Co. vy. Metal Trades Council of
Amarillo & Vicinity, AFL-CIO, 726 F.2d 166, 168 (Sth Cir. 1984)). The Fifth Circuit favors
“resolving cases on their merits.” Sindhi v. Raina, 905 F.3d 327, 331 (Sth Cir. 2018) (quotation
omitted). “This policy, however, is ‘counterbalanced by considerations of social goals, justice and
expediency, a weighing process that lies largely within the domain of the trial judge’s
discretion.’”” Rogers v. Hartford Life & Accident Ins. Co., 167 F.3d 933, 936 (5th Cir.
1999) (alterations omitted) (quoting Pelican Prod. Corp. v. Marino, 893 F.2d 1143, 1146 (10th
Cir. 1990)). The court may enter default judgment where “the adversary process has been halted
because of an essentially unresponsive party.” Sun Bank of Ocala v. Pelican Homestead & Savings
Ass'n, 874 F.2d 274, 276 (Sth Cir. 1989) (quoting H.F. Livermore Corp. v. Aktiengesellschaft
Gebruder Loepfe, 432 F.2d 689, 691 (D.C. Cir. 1970)).
“A default judgment is unassailable on the merits but only so far as it is supported by the
well-pleaded allegations, assumed to be true.” Wooten v. McDonald Transit Assocs., Inc., 788 F.3d
490, 496 (Sth Cir. 2015) (quoting Nishimatsu Constr. Co., Ltd. v. Hous. Nat'l Bank, 515 F.2d 1200,
1206 (Sth Cir. 1975)). “There must be a sufficient basis in the pleadings for the judgment
entered.” Nishimatsu Constr. Co., 515 F.2d at 1206. For the court to enter default judgment, the
complaint must satisfy Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8. See Wooten, 788 F.3d at 497-98. “On
appeal, the defendant, although he may not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence, is entitled to
contest the sufficiency of the complaint and its allegations to support the judgment.” Nishimatsu
Constr. Co., 515 F.2d at 1206.
Rule 8(a) requires “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is
entitled to relief.” FED. R. CIV. P. 8(a)(2). A complaint must contain “enough facts to state a claim
to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 573 (2007).
Rule 8 “does not require ‘detailed factual allegations,’ but it demands more than an
‘unadorned, the defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662,
678 (2009) (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555). “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff
pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is
liable for the misconduct alleged.” Jd. (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). “The plausibility
standard is not akin to a “probability requirement,’ but it asks for more than a sheer possibility than
a defendant has acted unlawfully.” Jd. (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556).
III. Analysis
Courts in the Fifth Circuit have developed a three-part test to determine whether a default
judgment should be entered. First, the court must consider whether the entry of default judgment
is “procedurally warranted.” Nasufi v. King Cable Inc., No. 3:15-CV-3273-B, 2017 WL 6497762,
at*1 (N.D. Tex. Dec. 19, 2017) (citing Lindsey v. Prive Corp., 161 F.3d 886, 893 (Sth Cir. 1998)).
Second, the court assesses the substantive merits of the plaintiff's claims to determine whether
there is a “sufficient basis in the pleadings for the judgment.” Id. at *2 (citing Nishimatsu Constr.
Co., 515 F.2d at 1206). Third, the court determines “what form of relief, if any, the [plaintiff]
should receive.” /d. (alteration in original) (quoting United States v. 1998 Freightliner VIN #:
1FUYCZYB3WP8&86986, 548 F. Supp. 2d 381, 384 (W.D. Tex. 2008)). The Court will address
each step in turn.
Whether the entry of default judgment is procedurally warranted depends on the following
factors identified by the Fifth Circuit:
[1] whether material issues of fact are at issue; [2] whether there has been substantial prejudice;
[3] whether the grounds for default are clearly established; [4] whether the default was caused
by a good faith mistake or excusable neglect; [5] the harshness of a default judgment; and [6]
whether the court would think itself obliged to set aside the default on the defendant's motion.
Lindsey, 161 F.3d at 893.
First, Defendants have not filed an answer or any responsive pleadings since being served
in this case; consequently, there are no material facts in dispute. See Nishimatsu Constr. Co., 515
F.2d at 1206 (“The defendant, by his default, admits the plaintiff's well-pleaded allegations of fact,
is concluded on those facts by the judgment, and is barred from contesting on appeal the facts thus
established.”). Second, Defendants’ “failure to respond threatens to bring the adversary process to
a halt, effectively prejudicing Plaintiffs interests.” Ins. Co. of the W. v. H & G Contractors, Inc.,
No. C—10-390, 2011 WL 4738197, at *3 (S.D. Tex. Oct. 5, 2011). Third, grounds for default are
clearly established given that, as reflected by the record and noted in the Clerk's Entry of Default,
“Defendants failed to plead or otherwise defend in this case as required by law.” (Doc. No. 15).
Fourth, there is no indication that Defendants’ silence is the result of a “good faith mistake or
excusable neglect.” Lindsey, 161 F.3d at 893. Fifth, Plaintiff seeks only the relief to which it is
entitled under the law, mitigating the harshness of a default judgment against Defendants. See id.
While there were some questions concerning the sixth factor, Plaintiff adequately
responded to this Court’s Order to Show Cause (Doc. No. 18) by assuring this Court that it had
been restored to a corporation of good standing in New Jersey. The Court therefore is not
concerned about whether it was authorized to enter into contracts during the period in which its
certificate of incorporation had been revoked.
Nevertheless, even if default judgment were procedurally warranted, Plaintiff has failed to
provide a “sufficient basis” for entering default judgment. Nasufi, 2017 WL 6497762, at *2. The
Media Rights Agreement between Pitch International, LLP and Innovative Sports Management,
Inc. shows that Innovative had exclusive transmission rights for soccer games that the National
Senior Team of Brazil plays as a home team during the South American qualifiers of the 2022
FIFA World Cup. (Doc. No. 13-1 at 17). The Agreement explicitly commenced on June 3, 2021
and continued “through a period of seventy-two (72) hours following the later of (a) March 29,
2022 and (b) the delivery to ISM of all Games, unless terminated earlier[.]” (/d.). This Agreement
was attached to Plaintiff's Motion for Default Judgment as Exhibit A-1. Plaintiff alleges, however,
that the unauthorized interception and broadcast by Defendants occurred on November 17, 2020.
That game predates the contract by over six months. Plaintiff does not provide any evidence that
it possessed the broadcast rights for the Uruguay v. Brazil soccer game on November 17, 2020.
Plaintiff alleges in its motion that it possessed the proprietary rights to exhibit and sublicense the
game and therefore that the game was legally available to commercial establishments in Texas
“only through an agreement with Plaintiff;” however, the only Agreement attached to the Motion
has an effective date of June 3, 2021.
Given that Plaintiff has failed to provide a sufficient basis to show that it actually possessed
the propriety rights to exhibit and sublicense the November 17, 2020 Uruguay v. Brazil soccer
game, the Court hereby DENIES Plaintiff's Motion for Default Judgment. The Court further
ORDERS Plaintiff to show cause why this Court should not order the Clerk to set aside the Entry
of Default against all Defendants and why this Court should not dismiss this case because it fails
to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Plaintiff has until March 1, 2024 to file such a
response.
Signed at Houston, Texas, on this the /+# day of February 2024.
DAI
Andrew S. Hanen
United States District Judge