In re Y.C.

2024 IL App (4th) 240701-U

NOS. 4-24-0701, 4-24-0702, 4-24-0703, 4-24-0704 cons.

NOTICE

This Order was filed under IN THE APPELLATE COURT FILED

Supreme Court Rule 23 and is September 12, 2024

not precedent except in the OF ILLINOIS Carla Bender

limited circumstances allowed 4th District Appellate

under Rule 23(e)(1). Court, IL

FOURTH DISTRICT

In re Y.C., D.C., T.C., and L.C., Minors ) Appeal from the

) Circuit Court of

(The People of the State of Illinois, ) Winnebago County

Petitioner-Appellee, ) Nos. 23JA427,

v. ) 23JA428,

Kayla D., ) 23JA429,

Respondent-Appellant). ) 23JA430

)

) Honorable

) Francis M. Martinez,

) Judge Presiding.

JUSTICE DeARMOND delivered the judgment of the court.

Justices Knecht and Grischow concurred in the judgment.

ORDER

¶1 Held: The appellate court granted appellate counsel’s motion to withdraw and affirmed

the trial court’s adjudicatory and dispositional orders because no meritorious

argument could be raised on appeal.

¶2 In November 2023, the State filed petitions for adjudication of wardship alleging

the minors, Y.C. (born in January 2022), D.C. (born in November 2018), T.C. (born in May

2014), and L.C. (born in June 2013), were neglected. The trial court adjudicated the minors

neglected and found respondent, Kayla D., unfit and unable to have custody of them.

¶3 Respondent appealed in each case and the appeals were consolidated for review.

The minors’ father is not a party to this appeal. Respondent’s appointed counsel has now filed a

motion for leave to withdraw with a supporting brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S.

738 (1967). See In re S.M., 314 Ill. App. 3d 682, 685-86, 732 N.E.2d 140, 143 (2000) (holding

Anders applies to findings of parental unfitness and setting forth the procedure for appellate

counsel to follow when seeking to withdraw). In his supporting brief, appellate counsel contends

“no viable and non-frivolous grounds for appeal exist.” We agree, grant appellate counsel’s

motion to withdraw, and affirm the trial court’s judgment.

¶4 I. BACKGROUND

¶5 On November 22, 2023, the State filed petitions for adjudication of wardship,

seeking to adjudicate the minors neglected under the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 (Juvenile Court

Act) (705 ILCS 405/1-1 et seq. (West 2022)). The petitions alleged the minors’ environment was

injurious to their welfare because (1) respondent had a history of placing them at risk of harm by

engaging in acts of domestic violence, (2) their father had a history of placing them at risk by

engaging in acts of domestic violence, and (3) they had been left at home alone for an

unreasonable period of time (705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(b) (West 2022)). As to Y.C. and D.C., the

State also alleged their environment was injurious to their welfare because they were under 14

years of age and were left alone without supervision for an unreasonable period of time without

regard for their mental or physical health, safety, or welfare (705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(d) (West

2022)).

¶6 The trial court held a shelter care hearing on the same day the petitions were filed.

Respondent was appointed counsel and waived her right to the hearing. The court entered an

order placing temporary custody and guardianship with the Illinois Department of Children and

Family Services (DCFS).

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¶7 On February 29, 2024, the trial court conducted an adjudicatory hearing. At the

hearing, the minors’ father stipulated to count II of each of the petitions, which alleged his acts of

domestic violence had placed the minors at risk of harm.

¶8 Without objection by respondent, the State then introduced documentary

evidence, including: (1) three group exhibits containing indicated child abuse or neglect reports

from DCFS; (2) certified copies of six criminal complaints charging respondent with various

offenses, including harassment through electronic communication (720 ILCS 5/26.5-3(a)(5)

(West 2022)), three counts of endangering the life or health of a child (720 ILCS 5/12C-5(a)(1)

(West 2022)), aggravated assault (720 ILCS 5/12-2(c)(1) (West 2022)), criminal damage to

property (720 ILCS 5/21-1(a)(1) (West 2022)), and domestic battery (720 ILCS 5/12-3.2(a)(2)

(West 2016)); (3) a certified copy of a petition for a stalking no contact order; and (4) certified

copies of three petitions for orders of protection. After the trial court admitted the evidence, the

State rested.

¶9 Respondent then testified she did not leave her children unattended. When police

officers arrived to serve eviction papers, she was outside her house, sitting in her car. Y.C. and

D.C. were sleeping inside the house at the time. Respondent testified she got out of her car when

the police officers called her. Respondent acknowledged she left Y.C. and D.C. outside at her

home on a separate occasion to go to her neighbor’s house to get diapers, but she testified her

cousin was arriving at the house as she left. Respondent also denied engaging in acts of domestic

violence. Respondent testified she always ensured her children were safe if any violence

occurred.

¶ 10 The trial court took the matter under advisement to review the evidence presented

by the parties. On March 28, 2024, the court conducted a hearing and found the minors

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neglected. The court found respondent’s testimony was not credible because she minimized the

clear domestic violence issues between respondent and the minors’ father. The court also found

the evidence established the minors were left alone prior to the arrival of police officers to

conduct an eviction. Based on the evidence presented, the court concluded the State had proved

all counts of the petitions by a preponderance of the evidence. Accordingly, the court entered an

order adjudicating the minors neglected.

¶ 11 On April 24, 2024, the trial court conducted a dispositional hearing. The State

asked the court to take judicial notice of the adjudicatory hearing, the integrated assessment, and

two reports filed by respondent’s caseworker following the integrated assessment. The court took

judicial notice of those documents without objection by respondent.

¶ 12 The integrated assessment, completed on February 14, 2024, recommended

respondent complete random drug screenings, complete domestic violence services, participate

in individual psychotherapy, complete a parenting education course, participate in parent

coaching, and participate in supervised visitation. The first caseworker report, dated March 19,

2024, indicated respondent had been arrested on February 2, 2024, and was participating in a

trade class while in custody. The report noted respondent also expressed interest in participating

in a parenting course while in jail. The second caseworker report, dated April 16, 2024, indicated

respondent had been released from custody on April 5, 2024.

¶ 13 According to a proffer from respondent’s counsel, respondent would testify she

was currently employed at McDonald’s, took a parenting course while incarcerated, was willing

to sign releases as required by the integrated assessment, and now understood her responsibility

to supervise the children. Respondent would have also testified she believed the agency was

responsible for any delay in starting her services.

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¶ 14 Following argument by the parties, the trial court found respondent had not

completed or shown sufficient progress toward completion of the required services. The court,

therefore, concluded respondent was currently unfit or unable to have custody of the minors. The

court entered a written dispositional order making the minors wards of the court and placing

custody and guardianship with DCFS.

¶ 15 Respondent filed timely notices of appeal in all four cases, and counsel was

appointed to represent her on appeal. This court subsequently consolidated the appeals on the

motion of respondent’s counsel. On June 24, 2024, appellate counsel filed a motion for leave to

withdraw and a supporting brief, asserting no viable or nonfrivolous grounds for appeal exist in

this case. Appellate counsel provided proof of service of his motion and supporting brief on

respondent, and this court granted respondent the opportunity to file a response. Respondent has

not filed a response.

¶ 16 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 17 Appellate counsel seeks to withdraw, contending there are no arguably

meritorious issues for appeal. Under S.M. and Anders, counsel’s request to withdraw must “ ‘be

accompanied by a brief referring to anything in the record that might arguably support the

appeal.’ ” S.M., 314 Ill. App. 3d at 685 (quoting Anders, 386 U.S. at 744). Counsel is required to

(1) briefly set forth the arguments supporting any potential issue on appeal, (2) explain the

reasons those arguments are frivolous, and (3) conclude the case presents no viable grounds for

appeal. S.M., 314 Ill. App. 3d at 685.

¶ 18 In his brief in support of his motion, appellate counsel states he has reviewed the

record and no viable or nonfrivolous grounds for appeal exist. Counsel asserts there are no

meritorious arguments challenging (1) the admissibility of the documentary evidence presented

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by the State at the adjudicatory hearing, (2) the sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial

court’s finding of neglect, or (3) the sufficiency of the evidence to support the court’s

dispositional order. For the following reasons, we agree this appeal presents no issue of arguable

merit.

¶ 19 The Juvenile Court Act sets forth a two-step process for deciding whether a minor

should be removed from a parent’s custody and made a ward of the court. In re A.P., 2012 IL

113875, ¶ 18, 981 N.E.2d 336. The first step is the adjudicatory hearing, where the trial court

considers only whether the minor is abused, neglected, or dependent. A.P., 2012 IL 113875, ¶ 19

(quoting 705 ILCS 405/2-18(1) (West 2010)). If the trial court determines a minor is abused,

neglected, or dependent, it proceeds to a dispositional hearing. A.P., 2012 IL 113875, ¶ 21 (citing

705 ILCS 405/2-21(2) (West 2010)). At the dispositional hearing, the trial court determines

whether making the minor a ward of the court is consistent with the health, safety, and best

interests of the minor and the public. A.P., 2012 IL 113875, ¶ 21.

¶ 20 A. Admissibility of Evidence Presented at the Adjudicatory Hearing

¶ 21 Counsel initially notes respondent did not object to the admission of any of the

exhibits during the adjudicatory hearing. Accordingly, any challenge to the admissibility of those

documents would be forfeited and may be reviewed only under the plain error rule. See In re

Chance H., 2019 IL App (1st) 180053, ¶ 47, 139 N.E.3d 88 (stating while the plain error rule is

most commonly applied in criminal proceedings, a ruling affecting a parent’s fundamental liberty

interest in raising his or her child may also be reviewed for plain error).

¶ 22 The plain error rule provides a “narrow and limited exception to the typical

forfeiture rule applicable to unpreserved claims.” People v. Johnson, 238 Ill. 2d 478, 484, 939

N.E.2d 475, 480 (2010). An unpreserved claim may be reviewed under the plain error rule when

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“(1) a clear or obvious error occurred and the evidence is so closely balanced that

the error alone threatened to tip the scales of justice against the defendant,

regardless of the seriousness of the error, or (2) a clear or obvious error occurred

and that error is so serious that it affected the fairness of the defendant’s trial and

challenged the integrity of the judicial process, regardless of the closeness of the

evidence.” People v. Piatkowski, 225 Ill. 2d 551, 565, 870 N.E.2d 403, 410-11

(2007).

The first step in plain error review is determining whether a clear or obvious error occurred.

Piatkowski, 225 Ill. 2d at 565.

¶ 23 At an adjudicatory hearing, “ ‘the rules of evidence in the nature of civil

proceedings *** are applicable.’ ” In re M.D., 2022 IL App (4th) 210288, ¶ 61, 193 N.E.3d 933

(quoting 705 ILCS 405/2-18(1) (West 2020)). However, under the Juvenile Court Act, “[a]ny

indicated report filed pursuant to the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act shall be

admissible in evidence.” 705 ILCS 405/2-18(4)(b) (West 2022).

¶ 24 Counsel notes, in In re G.V., 2018 IL App (3d) 180272, ¶¶ 26-27, 115 N.E.3d

1131, the Third District held a DCFS investigatory report containing information received from a

Connecticut agency was not admissible as an indicated report at an adjudicatory hearing. The

Third District concluded the DCFS investigatory report did not qualify as an indicated report

because it contained “substantial amounts of information that was unverified and lacked any

supporting documentation.” G.V., 2018 IL App (3d) 180272, ¶ 30. The trial court explained, “In

essence, we have the placement supervisor testifying to information that the investigators

discovered while in phone conversations with an unnamed caseworker at an unnamed agency in

Connecticut.” G.V., 2018 IL App (3d) 180272, ¶ 31. The court asserted “double and triple

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hearsay” is not admissible “solely on the basis that the information is part of a report

characterized as an indicated report by DCFS.” G.V., 2018 IL App (3d) 180272, ¶ 32.

¶ 25 As counsel explains, the three group exhibits containing indicated reports in this

case were admissible under section 2-18(4)(b) of the Juvenile Court Act (705 ILCS

405/2-18(4)(b) (West 2022)). Unlike the reports introduced in G.V., the indicated reports in this

case did not contain information from an out-of-state agency but were reports directly from

DCFS workers and child protection investigators. The group exhibits included certificates of

authenticity completed by DCFS employees. The reports at issue here fall within the exception

for “indicated report[s] filed pursuant to the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act.” 705

ILCS 405/2-18(4)(b) (West 2022).

¶ 26 The other exhibits introduced by the State consist of certified copies of court

documents, which were admissible under Illinois Rule of Evidence 902(4) (eff. Sept. 28, 2018).

No clear or obvious error could be established as to the admissibility of the exhibits submitted by

the State in this case, as required to satisfy the plain error rule. Based on this record, we agree

with appellate counsel no claim of arguable merit can be raised challenging the trial court’s

admission of the State’s exhibits.

¶ 27 B. Adjudication of Neglect

¶ 28 At the adjudicatory hearing, the trial court considers only whether the minor is

abused, neglected, or dependent. A.P., 2012 IL 113875, ¶ 19. Section 2-3(1)(b) of the Juvenile

Court Act defines a neglected minor to include “any minor under 18 years of age *** whose

environment is injurious to the minor’s welfare.” 705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(b) (West 2022). The term

“injurious environment” is “an amorphous concept that cannot be defined with particularity,” but

it generally includes the breach of a parent’s duty to provide his or her children with a safe and

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nurturing shelter. In re Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d 441, 463, 819 N.E.2d 734, 746-47 (2004). Neglect

cases are “sui generis, and must be decided on the basis of their unique circumstances.”

Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d at 463.

¶ 29 The State bears the burden of proving allegations of neglect by a preponderance

of the evidence, thus requiring the State to establish the allegations are more probably true than

not. In re Z.L., 2021 IL 126931, ¶ 61, 190 N.E.3d 193. A trial court’s finding of neglect will not

be reversed on appeal unless it is against the manifest weight of the evidence. A.P., 2012 IL

113875, ¶ 17. Under the manifest weight standard, “the reviewing court gives deference to the

trial court as the finder of fact because it is in the best position to observe the conduct and

demeanor of the parties and the witnesses and has a degree of familiarity with the evidence that a

reviewing court cannot possibly obtain.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) In re J.V., 2018 IL

App (1st) 171766, ¶ 222, 115 N.E.3d 1099. A court’s finding of neglect is against the manifest

weight of the evidence only if the opposite conclusion is clearly evident. J.V., 2018 IL App (1st)

171766, ¶ 221.

¶ 30 In this case, the evidence established both respondent and the minors’ father had

significant histories of domestic violence. The minors’ father stipulated to count II of the

petitions, which alleged his acts of domestic violence placed the minors at risk of harm.

¶ 31 As to respondent, the trial court noted the exhibits included a petition for an order

of protection filed by the minors’ father. The petition described respondent’s acts of domestic

violence, including attempting to attack the minors’ father with a knife, threatening to kill him,

and trying to hit him with her truck. The State also introduced certified copies of criminal

complaints charging respondent with multiple offenses, including aggravated assault (720 ILCS

5/12-2(c)(1) (West 2022)) and domestic battery (720 ILCS 5/12-3.2(a)(2) (West 2016)).

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Although respondent denied the State’s allegations, the court found her testimony was not

credible because she “minimize[d] domestic violence” between the parties. It is well-established

a reviewing court “must not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court regarding the

credibility of witnesses.” In re D.F., 201 Ill. 2d 476, 499, 777 N.E.2d 930, 943 (2002). The

court’s findings on the counts alleging domestic violence are sufficient by themselves to support

the adjudication of neglect as to each minor. See In re Faith B., 216 Ill. 2d 1, 14, 832 N.E.2d 152,

159 (2005) (“Only a single ground for neglect need be proven, and thus when the circuit court

has found a minor neglected on several grounds, we may affirm if any of the circuit court’s bases

of neglect may be upheld.”).

¶ 32 In her testimony, respondent also denied leaving the children alone, but, again, the

trial court found her testimony was not credible. Respondent did not give a clear explanation of

what she was doing or where she was located when the police officers arrived and found the

children unsupervised. The court concluded respondent was “nowhere around those children, and

they were alone” when the officers arrived.

¶ 33 In sum, the only evidence presented by respondent in this case was her own

testimony, and the trial court repeatedly found it lacked any credibility. The manifest weight of

the evidence clearly supported the court’s adjudication of neglect as to each of the minors in this

case, making any claim to the contrary frivolous.

¶ 34 C. Dispositional Order

¶ 35 At the dispositional hearing, the trial court determines whether the best interests

of the minor and the public require making the minor a ward of the court. 705 ILCS 405/2-22(1)

(West 2022). The party requesting the finding must show by a preponderance of the evidence the

parent is unable to care for, protect, train, or discipline the child. In re Daniel G., 2021 IL App

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(1st) 210640, ¶ 58, 193 N.E.3d 283. The best interest of the child is the court’s overriding

concern in entering a dispositional order. In re M.P., 408 Ill. App. 3d 1070, 1073, 945 N.E.2d

1197, 1200 (2011). A court’s dispositional order will not be reversed on appeal unless its findings

of fact are against the manifest weight of the evidence or it abused its discretion by selecting an

inappropriate dispositional order. In re A.S., 2014 IL App (3d) 130163, ¶ 21, 9 N.E.3d 615. A

court’s finding is against the manifest weight of the evidence only if the opposite conclusion is

clearly evident or it is unreasonable, arbitrary, or not based on the evidence presented. D.F., 201

Ill. 2d at 498.

¶ 36 In this case, the trial court took judicial notice of the integrated assessment and

the caseworker reports without any objection by respondent. The integrated assessment required

respondent to complete random drug screenings, complete domestic violence services,

participate in individual psychotherapy, complete a parenting education course, participate in

parent coaching, and participate in supervised visitation. The integrated assessment was

completed on February 14, 2024. The subsequent caseworker reports indicated respondent was

arrested on February 2, 2024, and released from custody on April 5, 2024. Thus, respondent was

incarcerated for most of the time between the completion of the integrated assessment and the

dispositional hearing conducted on April 24, 2024.

¶ 37 Although defense counsel proffered respondent participated in a parenting class

while incarcerated, there was no evidence she had completed or even started the other

recommended services. According to counsel’s proffer, respondent believed the agency was

responsible for any delay in starting her services, but the evidence shows she was incarcerated

for almost the entire time between the completion of the integrated assessment and the

dispositional hearing. Respondent’s incarceration necessarily impacted her ability to participate

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in services. Time spent incarcerated is not excluded from a determination of reasonable progress

at a termination proceeding. See In re F.P., 2014 IL App (4th) 140360, ¶ 89, 19 N.E.3d 227. The

same would be true at the dispositional stage, where parental rights were not even at issue. The

trial court found respondent had not made sufficient progress toward completion of the required

services and was currently unfit or unable to care for the minors. The finding of the court was not

against the manifest weight of the evidence. Accordingly, we agree with appellate counsel no

potentially meritorious argument can be made challenging the court’s dispositional order.

¶ 38 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 39 For the reasons stated, we grant appellate counsel’s motion to withdraw and

affirm the trial court’s judgment.

¶ 40 Affirmed.

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