The opinion
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
JANUARY 22, 2004 Session
DENNIS ALLEN, ET AL. v. CITY OF MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, ET AL.
Direct Appeal from the Chancery Court for Shelby County
Nos. CH-01-2356-1 & CH-02-1801-1 (III) D. J. Alissandratos, Chancellor
No. W2003-00695-COA-R3-CV
No. W2003-00396-COA-R3-CV - Filed June 22, 2004
This appeal raises the validity of an ordinance passed by the City of Memphis annexing a portion of
Shelby County. Appellants contend that Appellees violated the Open Meetings Act when such
ordinance was passed. All parties filed motions for summary judgment and the trial court granted
Appellees’ motion. For the following reasons, we reverse the decision of the trial court and remand
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Reversed and
Remanded
ALAN E. HIGHERS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which W. FRANK CRAWFORD , P.J., W.S.,
and DAVID R. FARMER , J., joined.
Richard L. Winchester, Jr., Memphis, TN, for Appellants Dennis Allen, Dan Hesse, Charles Tolar
and Robert Webb
John McQuiston, II, Memphis, TN, for Appellants Mid-America Apartment Communities, L.P., and
Rockcreek Plaza Apartments, L.P.
Allan J. Wade, Memphis, TN, for Appellees
OPINION
Facts and Procedural History
On March 21, 1995, the City of Memphis approved a resolution to annex a portion of Shelby
County known as the Bridgewater/Countrywood/Eads annexation area. As it was stated in the
transcript of the public hearings, the purpose of such annexation was to prevent the City of
Arlington, also located in Shelby County, from annexing such area and curtailing further growth by
the City of Memphis. In addition, the area had reached a level of urban density such that it required
urban level services that the City of Memphis could provide. On April 4, 1995, the City Council for
the City of Memphis (“City Council”) held a public hearing and adopted the first reading of the
ordinance proposing such annexation. Again, on April 18, 1995, the City Council held a second
public hearing and adopted the second reading of the ordinance. When the ordinance came up for
a third reading on May 2, 1995, the City Council delayed the reading to allow for further discussions
between Memphis and Arlington to devise an annexation reserve area agreement acceptable for both
cities.
Between May and August 1995, the City Council committee on annexation (“Committee”)
met to analyze the cost associated with providing services to the Bridgewater/Countrywood/Eads
annexation area and to refine the boundaries for annexation to conform with the City of Memphis’
policy of annexation. Such meetings were not held in secret, but were open to the public and
preceded by notice, although no minutes of such meetings appear in the record. On August 1, 1995,
the City Council met at a public hearing and approved the annexation ordinance, Ordinance 4321.
On August 15, 1995, a motion to reconsider Ordinance 4321 was made and passed to delay the third
and final reading of the ordinance until September 5, 1995, in order to allow the City of Memphis
and the City of Arlington another chance at formulating a reserve annexation agreement. When the
City Council again addressed Ordinance 4321 at a public hearing on September 5, 1995, the
ordinance was amended concerning an area located north of Highway 64. Again, Ordinance 4321's
final reading was delayed until September 19, 1995.
On September 19, 1995, the City Council held a final reading for Ordinance 4321 as
amended on September 5, 1995, which included an area 1,000 feet north of Highway 64. At this
public hearing, the City Council passed Ordinance 4321. However, the version of Ordinance 4321
that was passed on September 19, 1995, differed from previous versions because it now excluded
a 3.2 square mile area known as Bridgewater, which is bounded on the north by Interstate 40, the
south by the City of Memphis’ former city limits, the west by Whitten Road, and the east by the
remainder of the area which was annexed by Ordinance 4321. It is undisputed that the Bridgewater
area was included in the original ordinance and no motion was made to delete Bridgewater at any
of the four public hearings of the City Council in August or September of 1995. In addition, the
minutes of the September 5 and September 19, 1995, meetings state that the western boundary of
the annexation area is Whitten Road, the western boundary for the Bridgewater area, and the
September 5 meeting refers to the annexation area as the “Bridgewater/Countrywood/Eads”
annexation area. The City of Memphis’ explanation, in a discovery interrogatory, was that
City Administration representatives informed [Memphis City] Council members at
a public committee meeting sometime after June 15, 1995 that the Administration
proposed deletion of [the] Bridgewater area because its density and development
were not consistent with City [of Memphis] annexation policy. Thereafter,
Bridgewater was omitted from all maps depicting the area to be annexed [by the City
of Memphis].
-2-
Subsequently, Mid-America Apartment Communities, L.P. (“Mid-America”) and Rockcreek
Plaza Apartments (“Rockcreek”) filed an action against the City of Memphis, challenging the
validity of Ordinance 4321 pursuant to the Open Meetings Act. In addition, Dennis Allen, Dan
Hesse, Charlese Tolar and Robert Webb (collectively with Mid-America and Rockcreek,
“Appellants”) filed a complaint similarly challenging Ordinance 4321. Both actions were transferred
to the Chancery Court of Shelby County and consolidated for a decision. All Appellants and the City
of Memphis filed motions for summary judgment. The trial court denied Appellants’ motions for
summary judgment and granted the City of Memphis’ motion for summary judgment. All
Appellants appeal to this Court and the parties present the following issues, as we perceive them, for
our review:
I. Whether summary judgment in favor of the City of Memphis was proper on the basis
of res judicata; and
II. Whether the trial court erred when it granted summary judgment in favor of the City
of Memphis and denied Appellants’ motions for summary judgment, failing to nullify
Ordinance 4321.
For the following reasons, we reverse the decision of the trial court and remand for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Standard of Review
A trial court should grant a motion for summary judgment when the movant demonstrates
that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a
judgment as a matter of law. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.04; Souder v. Health Partners, Inc., 997 S.W.2d
140, 144 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998). The movant bears the burden of demonstrating that no genuine
issue of material fact exists. Souder, 997 S.W.2d at 144 (citing Bain v. Wells, 936 S.W.2d 618, 622
(Tenn. 1997)). When considering a motion for summary judgment, the trial court must take the
strongest legitimate view of the evidence in favor of the nonmoving party, allow all reasonable
inferences in favor of the nonmoving party, and discard all countervailing evidence. Id. (citing Bain,
936 S.W.2d at 622). Once the moving party establishes that no genuine issue of material fact exists,
the burden falls on the nonmoving party to demonstrate the contrary by affidavits or discovery
materials, setting forth specific facts demonstrating the genuine issue of material fact for trial. Id.
(quoting Byrd v. Hall, 847 S.W.2d 208, 211 (Tenn. 1993)). When the facts and the legal conclusions
drawn from the facts reasonably permit only one conclusion, summary judgment is appropriate. Id.
(citing Carvell v. Bottoms, 900 S.W.2d 23, 26 (Tenn. 1995)). A review of a trial court’s grant of
summary judgment is de novo on the record without a presumption of correctness. Id. (citing Bain,
936 S.W.2d at 622; Warren v. Estate of Kirk, 954 S.W.2d 722, 723 (Tenn. 1997)).
-3-
Res Judicata
City of Memphis argues that, because Ordinance 4321 was challenged in a prior quo
warranto proceeding, Appellants are precluded from challenging such ordinance and the doctrine
of res judicata applies. It is true that this Court was presented with the validity of Ordinance 4321
in Coleman v. City of Memphis, No. W2000-02865-COA-R3-CV, 2001 Tenn. App. LEXIS 835
(Tenn. Ct. App. Nov. 5, 2001). However, the complainants in Coleman challenged the validity of
the ordinance read on August 1, 1995, and not the final version of the ordinance passed on
September 19, 1995. Coleman v. City of Memphis, 2001 Tenn. App. LEXIS 835, at *10-12 (Ten.
Ct. App. Nov. 5, 2001). Because complainants filed their suit on August 29, 1995, before final
passage of Ordinance 4321 and did not amend their complaint, this Court upheld the trial court’s
grant of summary judgment on the basis that the court had no jurisdiction to hear complainants’
claim. Id. at *12. City of Memphis argues this judgment precludes Appellants’ current claim.
However, as the Tennessee Supreme Court has noted, the general rule is that “[a] judgment
dismissing a suit for lack of jurisdiction does not preclude a party from litigating the same cause of
action in a court of competent jurisdiction; it does preclude the relitigation of the issue of whether
the first tribunal had jurisdiction.” Goeke v. Woods, 777 S.W.2d 347, 350 (Tenn. 1989) (citing
Magnus Elec., Inc. v. La Republica Argentina, 830 F.2d 1396, 1400 (7th Cir. 1987)); see also 46
Am. Jur. 2d Judgments § 626 (1994). Therefore, because this Court dismissed the prior claim
against the validity of Ordinance 4321 on jurisdictional grounds, res judicata does not bar Appellants
from filing their current claim. We uphold the trial court’s denial of summary judgment for the City
of Memphis on this issue.
Open Meetings Act
Tennessee Code Ann. § 8-44-101(a) declares that it is “the policy of this state that the
formation of public policy and decisions is public business and shall not be conducted in secret.”
The Code further states that “[a]ll meetings of any governing body are declared to be public meetings
open to the public at all times, except as provided by the Constitution of Tennessee.” Tenn. Code
Ann. § 8-44-102(a) (1995). In addition, the Tennessee Code provides that a governmental body that
holds such meetings must give adequate public notice, whether the meeting is a regular meeting or
a special meeting. Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-103 (a)-(b) (1995). The Code also requires the
following:
The minutes of a meeting of any such governmental body shall be promptly and fully
recorded, shall be open to public inspection, and shall include, but not be limited to, a record
of persons present, all motions, proposals and resolutions offered, the results of any votes
taken, and a record of individual votes in the event of roll call.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-104(a) (1995). Finally, Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-104(b) states that “[a]ll
votes of any such governmental body shall be by public vote or public ballot or public roll call” and
that no secret votes, ballots, or roll calls are allowed. Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-104(b) (1995).
-4-
In this case, the trial court found that the Committee for the City Council violated the Open
Meetings Act because it recorded no minutes of the meeting in which it amended Ordinance 4321
to delete the Bridgewater area. However, the trial court also found that, when the City Council had
the amended ordinance before it, it ratified the action taken by the Committee by approving the
amended Ordinance 4321. The trial court found that such action by the City Council cured any
violation of the Open Meetings Act effectuated by the Committee. For our review, this Court must
determine (1) whether Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-102(a) applies and the Committee is a “governing
body” that held a “meeting” as defined by the Open Meetings Act; (2) whether the Committee
violated the Open Meetings Act; and (3) whether the City Council or the Committee ratified such
violation by holding a “new and substantial reconsideration of the issues involved, in which the
public [was] afforded ample opportunity to know the facts and to be heard with reference to matters
at issue.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-102; Neese v. Paris Special Sch. Dist., 813 S.W.2d 432, 436
(Tenn. Ct. App. 1990) (citing Alaska Comm. Coll. Fed. of Teachers v. Univ. of Alaska, 677 P.2d 886,
891 (Alaska 1984)).
“Governing Body” and “Meeting”
The Tennessee Code states that “[a]ll meetings of any governing body are declared to be
public meetings open to the public at all times, except as provided in the Constitution of Tennessee.”
Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-102(a). The Code defines “governing body” as “[t]he members of any
public body which consists of two (2) or more members, with the authority to make decisions for
or recommendations to a public body on policy or administration. . . .” Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-
102(b)(1)(A). The Tennessee Supreme Court has construed such language to include:
any board, commission, committee, agency, authority or any other body, by whatever
name, whose origin and authority may be traced to State, City or County legislative
action and whose members have authority to make decisions or recommendations on
policy or administration affecting the conduct of the business of the people in the
governmental sector.
Dorrier v. Dark, 537 S.W.2d 888, 892 (Tenn. 1976). In this case, the Committee of the City
Council1 consisted of members of that City Council who met with the City of Memphis Office of
Planning and Development. The City of Memphis admits that, at one of the Committee’s meetings,
such deletion of Bridgewater took place. However, there is nothing in the record to suggest that the
Committee had the authority to delete, change or amend Ordinance 4321 as it was approved by the
City Council in the first two readings in March 1995. In addition, it appears from the record that the
Committee did not act in the capacity of making a “recommendation.” Therefore, we cannot say that
such Committee is a “governing body” calling for application of the Open Meetings Act, and, thus,
summary judgment, on the basis that the Committee violated the Act but was later ratified by the
City Council, was improper.
1
It is not contested that the Memphis City Council is a “governing body” and that its public hearings
were “meetings” for purposes of the Open Meetings Act.
-5-
In addition, the Tennessee Code defines “meeting” as “the convening of a governing body
of a public body for which a quorum is required in order to make a decision or to deliberate toward
a decision on any matter.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-102(b)(2). Such definition does not include
“chance meetings, informal assemblages, or electronic communication.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-
102(c). In this case, notice was issued for the Committee’s meetings and, therefore, we may infer
that such meetings were not by chance. However, the record is deficient with respect to proof that
such Committee requires a quorum for action or that such a quorum existed when the deletion of
Bridgewater was effectuated. Because we cannot determine whether the Committee held a
“meeting” as defined by the Open Meetings Act, we likewise cannot determine whether the Open
Meetings Act applies to the Committee meeting and, therefore, the trial court’s grant of summary
judgment was also improper for this reason.
Ratification
Even assuming, arguendo, that the Open Meetings Act applies to the Committee’s meeting
in which Bridgewater was deleted from Ordinance 4321, summary judgment in favor of the City of
Memphis would be improper. Though it is undisputed that no minutes of the Committee’s meeting
were kept in violation of the Open Meetings Act, the trial court determined that such violation was
ratified by the City Council when it approved the amended Ordinance 4321 at the public hearing on
September 19, 1995.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-44-105 states that “[a]ny action taken at a meeting in violation of this
part shall be void and of no effect. . . .” However, this Court has stated:
We do not believe that the legislative intent of this statute was forever to bar a
governing body from properly ratifying its decision made in a prior violative manner.
However, neither was it the legislative intent to allow such a body to ratify a decision
in a subsequent meeting by a perfunctory crystallization of its earlier action. We hold
that the purpose of the act is satisfied if the ultimate decision is made in accordance
with the Public Meetings Act, and if it is a new and substantial reconsideration of the
issues involved, in which the public is afforded ample opportunity to know the facts
and to be heard with reference to the matters at issue.
Neese, 813 S.W.2d at 436 (citing Alaska Comm. Coll. Fed. of Teachers, 677 P.2d at 891). The City
of Memphis contends that, because the City Council had before it maps exhibiting the deletion of
Bridgewater, there was a new and substantial reconsideration of the Committee’s removal of the
Bridgewater area. We disagree. Upon reviewing the transcripts and minutes of the City Council’s
public hearings on August 1, August 15, September 5, and September 19, 1995, we cannot say that
the City Council ratified the action of the Committee. While a member of the Office of Planning
and Development for the City of Memphis stated that the boundaries for annexation had been
refined, there was no discussion of Bridgewater’s deletion by any of the City Council members. The
only discussion of amending the annexation borders concerned whether the City of Memphis should
annex a portion of land north of Highway 64. Because there was no discussion of the deletion of
-6-
Bridgewater, we cannot say that the City Council gave the issue of Bridgewater’s deletion a new, let
alone substantial, reconsideration of that issue. See Souder, 997 S.W.2d at 150-51. Such act by the
City Council would constitute a “perfunctory crystallization” of the Committee’s earlier amendment
of Ordinance 4321. Therefore, the trial court also erred when it granted summary judgment to the
City of Memphis on the basis of ratification of the Committee’s action by the City Council.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the trial court’s grant of summary judgment to the City
of Memphis and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Costs of this appeal
are taxed to the Appellee, the City of Memphis, Tennessee, for which execution may issue if
necessary.
___________________________________
ALAN E. HIGHERS, JUDGE
-7-