The opinion
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
March 17, 2005 Session
RONALD E. CROOK, ET AL. v. ANGELA R. JOCK
Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Shelby County
No. CT-007316-02 George H. Brown, Jr., Judge
No. W2004-00479-COA-R3-CV - Filed July 13, 2005
This appeal lies from a trial court’s entry of a purported consent order of dismissal. The trial court
entered judgment based upon the defendant’s submitted consent decree. The plaintiffs contend,
however, that they did not consent to the terms of the order as written and withdrew any consent
prior to entry of the judgment. Because the statement of the evidence in this case is irreconcilable,
we vacate the judgment of the trial court entering the consent decree.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Vacated; and
Remanded
DAVID R. FARMER , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which W. FRANK CRAWFORD , P.J., W.S.,
and ALAN E. HIGHERS, J., joined.
Ronald E. Crook, Pro se.
Doyle B. Crook, Sr., Pro se.
William M. Monroe, Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellee Angela R. Jock.
OPINION
I.
In this appeal, we must determine whether the record supports the trial court’s entry of a
consent order of dismissal. Plaintiffs/Appellants Ronald E. Crook and Doyle B. Crook, Sr.
(collectively “Plaintiffs”), acting pro se, contend that they never consented or repudiated their
consent to the terms of a consent order of dismissal prior to the entry of judgment.
Defendant/Appellee Angela R. Jock (“Defendant”), however, contends that the parties reached a
settlement of the matter, and Plaintiffs agreed to the terms of the order after being given an
opportunity to examine the decree. The record of the relevant proceedings in this case is in the form
of a statement of the evidence. However, because there is such inherent and irreconcilable conflict
between the material facts provided in the statement of the evidence, we find it necessary to vacate
the judgment of the trial court.
This dispute began when Plaintiffs brought an action for recovery of a debt in General
Sessions Court for Shelby County against Defendant. The General Sessions Court entered judgment
in favor of Plaintiffs, and Defendant appealed to the Circuit Court. On the date set for trial and at
the trial judge’s direction, Mr. Ronald Crook and counsel for Defendant convened in a nearby jury
room to discuss a settlement of this matter. The parties apparently emerged from this settlement
conference with a tentative agreement. However, the exact terms of that agreement are not entirely
clear from the record. More importantly, the events that transpired between the settlement
conference and the entry of the final judgment one week later are unclear from the statement of the
evidence.
Following the trial court’s entry of the purported consent decree, Plaintiffs filed their notice
of appeal. The trial court subsequently entered an order granting Defendant’s objection to Plaintiffs’
statement of the evidence, thereby adopting Defendant’s statement of the evidence. Because this
case hinges on the facts surrounding the entry of the consent decree as presented in the statement of
the evidence, we feel it is necessary to restate those facts almost in their entirety as provided in the
statement of the evidence. The approved statement of the evidence provides, in relevant part, as
follows:
The following facts are provided by Plaintiff:
1. In the Fall of 2002, Plaintiff filed a civil [suit] against his ex-friend,
Angela R. Jock. The amount of the Complaint was just under $3,000.00 and
included loans to her that she refused to repay, and non-paid back-rent owed to
Plaintiff’s father in the amount of $1,400.00. Due [to the] fact that Plaintiff’s father
is the owner of the home in which Plaintiff rented a private room for $200.00
monthly, in November 2002, Plaintiff added his father, Doyle B. Crook, Sr., to the
suit as an indispensable party. At that point in time, neither party had retained legal
counsel.
2. The General Sessions trial took place on December 12, 2002. . . . The
Court’s decision, accordingly, was an award of over $1,500.00 in favor of the
Plaintiff. . . .
3. The Defendant proceeded to file a timely appeal under a pauper’s oath.
....
5. January 5, 2004 was the trial date. . . . Plaintiff brought with him to Court
on the 5th a motion for continuance for the following reasons: (1) Plaintiff’s father
was ill and could not be present, and (2) Plaintiff was prepared to inform the Court
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that [counsel for Defendant] had not replied to Plaintiff’s many voice mails and
letters suggesting that they meet and mediate. In Court, Plaintiff did not mention his
father’s absence, but did ask that counsels discuss possible compromises. Judge
Brown directed Mr. Crook and [counsel for Defendant] to go into an adjoining jury
room and have discussions. The following paragraph will adequately detail what
occurred in the negotiations, and what happened afterwards. . . .
6. Once seated in the jury room, [counsel for Defendant] asked, “Mr. Crook,
what is it that you want?” . . . Plaintiff replied that he wanted installment payments
of $100.00 each month for five (5) months, totaling $500.00. Plaintiff also requested
that the Defendant be taxed the costs of the cause. [Counsel for Defendant] left the
room to confer with the Defendant. When [he returned], . . . [counsel for Defendant]
offered: (1) no installment payments, (2) a split bill of costs, and (3) he demanded
that part of the agreement would be that Defendant and Plaintiff be restricted to
forever sta[y]ing over one thousand (1,000) fee[t] from each other. Plaintiff said that
this was ludicrous because, since she had “framed” him three other times since
August 15, 2003[,] Plaintiff felt that Defendant would vindictively frame him for
violating a consent order. Plaintiff clearly informed [counsel for Defendant] that
injunctions cannot be included in any agreement for dismissal.
7. On the 5th, Plaintiff’s confusion caused him to give the false impression
to counsel and the Court that he was consenting to counsel’s proposed injunctive
agreement. Plaintiff told counsel he must remove the injunctive ideas. Back in open
[c]ourt, Plaintiff told Judge Brown that he w[ould] only consent if there were no
“unfair restrictions” included in counsel’s proposed document. Then Judge Brown
instructed [counsel for Defendant] to prepare an agreement and consent order of
dismissal, and mail it to Plaintiff before Monday, January 12, 2004. . . .
8. . . . During the week of January 5 to January 12, Plaintiff intently awaited
[counsel for Defendant’s] document, but it was never sent. Remembering that the
Judge instructed Plaintiff to appear on January 12 if he disagreed with anything in the
mailed document, Plaintiff rushed to the Court on the 12th. Judge Brown asked
Plaintiff why he was there that day, and he replied that counsel had failed to send him
the consent agreement, whereupon, the judge lowered his head into his hand. At that
moment, [counsel for Defendant] extended his right arm with the document in it. .
. . Before Plaintiff had a chance to inspect it, Judge Brown asked the Court Clerk to
give the Plaintiff [a] pen and paper, and then he told Plaintiff to go sit down and
write his own Agreement and Consent Order of Dismissal. . . . [Plaintiff] obeyed as
instructed. After about twenty (20) minutes of deleting some of counsel’s provisions
and additional writings, the judge came back in and was handed Plaintiff’s notations
and deletions. . . . Immediately, Plaintiff gave notice to the Court and [counsel for
Defendant] that he was not going to sign the Order prepared by counsel, and the
judge instructed the Court Clerk to make note of that, and then Judge Brown
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rendered the Order as proposed by [counsel for Defendant]. . . . Plaintiff asked Judge
Brown: “What remedy would I have for this decision today?” Plaintiff was ignored
and given a copy of the Order with his name stamped on it.
9. On January 7, 2004, Plaintiff had hand-delivered a letter to [counsel for
Defendant] stating if the so-called Agreement had those injunctions included, he
would not consent and there would have to be a trial; however, nowhere in that letter
did Plaintiff say not to mail him that document[]. . . .
....
The following facts are provided by the Defendant:
11. On January 5, 2004, this matter was set for trial before the Honorable
George Brown. Judge Brown directed counsel and Mr. Crook to accompany the
Courtroom Deputy into an adjoining jury room and have discussions, with the goal
being the pursuit of a settlement in this cause.
12. In the jury room, [counsel for Defendant] spoke with Mr. Crook and then
exited the jury room and spoke to his client in the hallway in an attempt to resolve
this matter.
13. At the time the settlement conference was concluded, a free and
voluntary settlement of all issues then outstanding before the Court was reached. Mr.
Crook and [counsel for Defendant] announced the settlement to the Court and the
Court approved the settlement.
14. A proposed Agreement and Consent Order of Dismissal setting out the
settlement in the cause was presented to the Court on January 12, 2004.
15. On January 12, 2004, Mr. Crook indicated to the Court that he no longer
wished to go forward with the settlement. The Court inquired of Mr. Crook whether
or not he had agreed to the contents of the proposed Agreement and Consent Order
of Dismissal the previous week, and allowed Mr. Crook a full and complete
opportunity to read the proposed Agreement and Consent Order of Dismissal and
make any comments.
16. Thereafter, the Court went through the proposed Agreement and Consent
Order of Dismissal line by line and inquired of Mr. Crook as to whether or not he
agreed to the contents of same. Mr. Crook responded that he agreed to all of the
provisions of the Agreement and Consent Order of Dismissal, after completing
discussions with the Court.
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17. After hearing of this matter on January 12, 200[4], for the entry of the
Agreement and Consent Order of Dismissal, the Court inquired as to whether or not
anyone had forced Mr. Crook into this agreement. Mr. Crook responded that he had
not been forced, but that he was a diabetic.
18. The Court inquired of Mr. Crook as to whether or not his physical
condition rendered him unable to understand the nature and consequences of the
agreements he reached on January 5, 2004. Mr. Crook replied that they did not do
so.
In the Agreement and Consent Order of Dismissal, the parties purportedly agreed to the
following:
1. This case will stand dismissed with the costs to be equally divided
between the parties
2. The Court shall retain continuing jurisdiction over this matter for purposes
of enforcing the terms and conditions of this Order.
3. The parties hereto agree that they shall not harm, molest, abuse, harass,
annoy or come around one another from the date hereof.
4. The parties hereto agree that they shall maintain a distance of one thousand
(1,000) yards from the residence and/or place of work of the other party.
5. The parties hereto agree that they will not contact or attempt to contact the
other party, nor any of their past employers, present employers or future employers.
They shall additionally refrain from contacting or attempting to contact the friends
or family of the other party, pending further Orders of this Court.
6. The parties hereto agree that any information gathered in the course of this
matter, whether by subpoena or otherwise, shall not be further disseminated to any
entity for any purpose except for in response to a duly issued and served subpoena
from a Court of competent jurisdiction.
7. The parties hereto agree that they mutually release one another from and
against any and all claims, obligations, debts, causes of action, contracts, claims for
personal injury or property damage, as well as any matter, fact or thing arising out of
or in connection with any set of facts which occurred prior to the date of this Order.
Each party shall hold the other harmless from and against any and all said liability or
claims of liability set forth herein.
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8. In the event that either party has to seek Court intervention for the
purposes of interpreting or enforcing this Order, the prevailing party shall have his
or her reasonable attorney’s fees and costs of litigation paid for by the non-prevailing
party. The Court shall determine the identity of the prevailing and non-prevailing
party as the Court deems just and proper.
Neither plaintiff signed the Agreement and Consent Order of Dismissal. Plaintiffs appeal the entry
of the consent decree and assert that they did not consent to the agreed order.
II.
The dispositive issue in this case is whether the trial court erred by entering the Agreement
and Consent Order of Dismissal. After thoroughly reviewing the statement of the evidence in this
case, we are unable to determine whether Plaintiffs withdrew their consent to the agreed order prior
to its entry. The respective views contained in the statement of the evidence are, in the opinion of
this Court, inharmonious and irreconcilable.
A consent judgment does not reflect the judgment of the court, but is merely an agreement
between the parties to a lawsuit which has been placed into the record by the court. In re Estate of
Jones, 154 S.W.2d 582, 585 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2004) (citing Harbour v. Brown for Ulrich, 732 S.W.2d
598, 599 (Tenn. 1987)). Therefore, the deferential standard of review afforded to a trial court’s
findings of fact is inapplicable in cases like the one presently before us. See Harbour v. Brown for
Ulrich, 732 S.W.2d 598, 600 (Tenn. 1987). It is well-settled that, when a trial judge knows before
entry of a consent judgment that one of the parties has withdrawn consent or has otherwise
repudiated the agreement, the trial court lacks the power to enter the consent judgment. Harbour,
732 S.W.2d at 600; In re Estate of Jones, 154 S.W.2d at 585; Environmental Abatement, Inc. v.
Astrum R.E. Corp., 27 S.W.3d 530, 535–38 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000); Sullivan County v. Lyon, 20
S.W.3d 676, 677 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1999). Rather, consent must “exist at the very moment the court
undertakes to make the agreement the judgment of the court.” Lyon, 20 S.W.3d at 677 (quoting
Harbour, 732 S.W.2d at 599 (quoting Burnaman v. Heaton, 240 S.W.2d 288, 291 (Tex. 1951))).
In this case, due to the conflicting nature of the statement of the evidence, we are unable to
conclude that consent existed on the part of Plaintiffs at the time the trial court entered the
Agreement and Consent Order of Dismissal as the judgment of the court. Moreover, it is clear from
the record that Doyle B. Crook, Sr. was neither present at the settlement conference nor included as
a party to the consent decree. As previously stated, the record does not contain a transcript, which
might have clarified the events that surrounded the entry of the consent decree. Instead, this Court
is presented with a statement of the evidence where the facts are susceptible to two dramatically
different interpretations of the proceedings surrounding the entry of the consent decree.
The judgment of the trial court is vacated. We have considered Plaintiffs’ numerous other
issues and consider them to be without merit or rendered moot by our decision in this case. This
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case is remanded for further proceedings as may be necessary. Costs of this appeal are taxed to
Defendant/Appellee, Angela R. Jock, for which execution may issue if necessary.
___________________________________
DAVID R. FARMER, JUDGE
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