CHAPOLINI v. CAPODANNO

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

VINCENT AIENNE CHAPOLINI, :

:

Plaintiff, : CIVIL ACTION NO. 18-2629

:

v. :

:

ANTHONY CAPODANNO #0119, :

KEVIN DONOHUE #0026, JAMES :

FLORES #0125, WALTER MCDONALD :

(Station Security), and THOMAS :

JOHNSON (Captain) #0815, individually :

and in their official capacities, :

:

Defendants. :

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Smith, J. September 20, 2021

The plaintiff brings claims under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments against various

municipal police officers for injuries stemming from his arrest and subsequent detention. The

plaintiff argues that (1) the officers use excessive force when they allegedly slammed him to the

ground in an attempt to arrest him, (2) one of the officers forcibly strip-searched him and

performed an unauthorized body cavity search on him while he was detained, and (3) multiple

officers failed to intervene to stop his constitutional rights from being violated. The officers have

now moved for summary judgment, arguing that the plaintiff has failed to state a claim for his

injuries and that they are entitled to qualified immunity. For the following reasons, the court grants

the defendants’ motion for summary judgment.

I. ALLEGATIONS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On June 18, 2018, the plaintiff, Vincent Aienne Chapolini (“Chapolini”), proceeding pro

se, filed a complaint against Officers Anthony Capodanno, Thomas Johnson, Kevin Donohue, and

the Upper Darby Police Department, an application for leave to proceed in forma pauperis, and a

copy of his prisoner trust fund account statement.1 Doc. Nos. 1–3. The court entered an order

granting Chapolini leave to proceed in forma pauperis on June 26, 2018. Doc. No. 5.

In late July 2018, after the defendants had waived service, see Doc. Nos. 9–12, Chapolini

filed a request for appointment of counsel and a motion for a default judgment. Doc. Nos. 13, 14.

This court entered an order denying the request for a default judgment on July 31, 2018, as none

of the defendants were in default. Doc. No. 15.

The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on August 15, 2018. Doc. No. 18.

After receiving two extensions of time, Chapolini responded to the motion to dismiss by filing a

motion for leave to file an amended complaint on September 10, 2018. Doc. Nos. 18–23. The court

granted the motion for leave to file an amended complaint on September 17, 2018. Doc. No. 24.

Chapolini filed an amended complaint on October 2, 2018, naming as defendants Officers

Capodanno, Donohue, and Johnson, as well as Officer James Flores, Walter McDonald

(“McDonald”), and Glenn Gamber, in their official and individual capacities.2 Doc. No. 25.

Chapolini asserted multiple causes of action in the amended complaint.3 Am. Compl. at 6–7. His

1 The federal “prisoner mailbox rule” provides that a pro se prisoner’s petition is deemed filed “at the time petitioner

delivered it to the prison authorities for forwarding to the court clerk.” Houston v. Lack, 487 U.S. 266, 276 (1988).

Although the doctrine arose in the context of habeas corpus petitions, the Third Circuit has extended it to civil actions

brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. See Pearson v. Secretary Dep’t of Corr., 775 F.3d 598, 600 n.2 (3d Cir. 2015)

(applying rule in section 1983 action and determining that pro se prisoner plaintiff filed complaint on date he signed

it). Unfortunately, Chapolini does not include a declaration about when he provided the complaint to prison officials

for mailing to the clerk of court. He does, however, date the complaint on June 18, 2021, see Doc. No. 2 at ECF p. 11,

and the court uses this date as the filing date.

2 Chapolini did not include a claim against the Upper Darby Police Department in the amended complaint. See Doc.

No. 25.

3 In the amended complaint, Chapolini alleged that the Upper Darby Police Department employed the defendants as

officers. Am. Compl. at ¶¶ 4–9, Doc. No. 25. On March 1, 2018, Chapolini alleged that he entered the UDPD to “file

a report a[bout] a fraud crime that was committed against [him], with [his] information and without [his] permission.”

Id. at ¶ 13. Chapolini then encountered McDonald, who was acting as station security. Id. at ¶¶ 7, 13.

McDonald was “very rude” to Chapolini and pretended to take his fraud report while he was checking

Chapolini’s personal information for any active warrants. Id. at ¶ 14. Chapolini waited for 15 minutes for a receipt of

his fraud report, but McDonald had determined that there were two active warrants for him pertaining to parole and

probation violations. Id. at ¶ 15. At this point, McDonald “ignored/neglected [Chapolini’s] right to receive assistance

from the [UDPD] and made [Chapolini] the target.” Id.

first cause of action was a substantive due process violation against Officer Capodanno for his

deliberate indifference to Chapolini’s health and safety when he strip-searched him in a public

setting and on an open circuit camera which allowed unauthorized and individuals from the

opposite sex to observe it. Id. at 6. The second cause of action was for “deficient management of

subordinates,” against Officer Gamber because he

exercised deliberate indifference when he knowingly approved incident and

incident of arrest reports, which documented [Chapolini’s] constitutional right’s

[sic] were being violated, with being taken into custody without the plaintiff being

issued a [Miranda] warning, in which [Officer] Gamber should’ve re-directed his

subordinate [Officer] Capodanno to do so.

Id. Chapolini also asserts the same cause of action against Captain Johnson and Officer Gamber

because they “fail[ed] to properly supervise [his] apprehension for his active warrant, which [their]

negligence of their subordinates[] caused [his] injuries[, and they] poor[ly] supervis[ed] . . . [his]

unwarranted strip search.” Id. Chapolini’s third cause of action was an Equal Protection Clause

While Chapolini was waiting, he began to talk on his cellphone and decided to “get some air.” Id. at ¶ 16. He

headed through the lobby door into the vestibule, when Officer Capodanno confronted him and told him that he was

under arrest but did not tell him why he was under arrest. Id. Chapolini claims that he was unaware of the active

warrants for his arrest and out of a fear for his wellbeing, ran (or tried to run), into the view of his employer, who had

driven him to the police station so he could file the report, “in case anything wrong was to happen.” Id. at ¶ 17.

After Chapolini reached the bottom of the vestibule steps, Officer Capodanno, Officer Donahue, and Captain

Johnson “grabbed” him. Id. at ¶ 18. One of the officers grabbed Chapolini’s left arm, another grabbed his right arm,

and the last one grabbed his head. Id. One of these defendants “excessively slammed” Chapolini’s head into the

vestibule floor. Id. Chapolini suffered a “minor” injury to his head, left wrist, and left hand, and a “major” injury to

his left rear shoulder. Id.

Officer Capodanno then moved Chapolini into a cell. Id. at ¶ 19. With the other defendants and UDPD

employees watching through the cell window, Officer Capodanno began to strip search Chapolini down to his boxers.

Id. Officer Capodanno “aggressively grabb[ed] [Chapolini’s] testicles and between his anus [sic].” Id. The entire

search occurred on an open circuit station security camera. Id.

Later, Chapolini repeatedly complained about the severe pain from his injuries, and medics came to examine

him. Id. at ¶ 20. The medics determined that Chapolini needed immediate medical attention and he was transported to

the Delaware Memorial Hospital for treatment. Id. After being treated there, he was released back to UDPD custody.

Id. Once he was returned to the UDPD, Officer Capodanno informed him that the police were charging him with

resisting arrest. Id. at ¶ 21. Chapolini requested an attorney, but Officer Capodanno said that Chapolini “had no rights.”

Id. Officer Capodanno also stated that he did not have to read Miranda warnings to Chapolini, and he proceeded to

question him. Id.

Chapolini alleged that he was awaiting trial for a “retaliatory accusation of resisting arrest, with no reg[]ard

to his [F]ifth [A]mendment constitutional rights.” Id. at ¶ 22. Also, Officer Gamber “approved/cleared all video,

report’s [sic], note’s [sic], concerning this matter.” Id.

claim against McDonald because he “ignor[ed his] request to report a crime based on [his]

appearance, prior and after . . . learning of [his] active parole/probation violation warrants.” Id. at

6–7. McDonald also “made [Chapolini] a target, victimizing [him].” Id. at 7. For his final cause of

action, Chapolini asserts a cause of action for “negligence/failure to protect” against Officers

Donahue and Flores because they “exercised deliberate indifference by using more force th[a]n

necessary, causing [Chapolini’s] injuries.” Id.

The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on October 4, 2018. Doc.

No. 27. Chapolini filed a response in opposition to the motion to dismiss on October 18, 2018.

Doc. No. 28.

The court denied the motion to dismiss the original complaint as moot on March 6, 2019.

Doc. No. 32. On September 5, 2019, the court issued a memorandum opinion and order granting

in part and denying in part the motion to dismiss the amended complaint. Doc. No. 34. The court

dismissed without prejudice (1) any claims against the defendants in their official capacities, (2)

Chapolini’s claim for excessive use of force against Officer Flores, (3) Chapolini’s failure to

supervise claim against Officer Gamber relating to the alleged failure to provide Miranda

warnings, (3) Chapolini’s failure to supervise claim against Officer Gamber pertaining to

allegations of excessive force, (4) Chapolini’s Equal Protection Clause violation against

McDonald, and (5) any claims for declaratory relief. See Sept. 5, 2019 at 1–2, Doc. No. 34. In all

other respects, the court denied the motion.4 See id. at 2.

4 This included the court denying the defendants’ request that the court dismiss any claims relating to the strip search

of Chapolini, including any supervisory claims against Officer Gamber and Captain Johnson. See Mem. Op. at 2, Doc.

No. 34. In addition, the court denied the motion to the extent the defendants sought to have the court dismiss an

excessive force claim, except as asserted against Officer Flores. Id. at 3. The court also denied the motion without

prejudice to the extent the defendants sought dismissal based on qualified immunity. Id.

Along with disposing of the motion to dismiss, the court denied without prejudice Chapolini’s motion for the

appointment of counsel. See Sept. 5, 2019 Order at 2.

The defendants filed an answer to the amended complaint on October 15, 2019. Doc. No.

36. Chapolini filed a new motion for the appointment of counsel on February 18, 2020. Doc. No.

39. The court granted Chapolini’s motion for the appointment of counsel on February 21, 2020

and referred this matter to the Prisoner Civil Rights Panel to see if any member of the Panel would

accept representation of Chapolini. Doc. No. 42. A member from the Panel graciously agreed to

represent Chapolini, and the court entered an order appointing counsel for him on March 10, 2020.5

Doc. No. 47.

On April 1, 2020, after a telephone conference with counsel, the court granted the plaintiff

leave to file a second amended complaint. Doc. No. 50. On May 1, 2020, Mr. Chapolini filed a

counseled second amended complaint against McDonald and Officers Capodanno, Donohue,

Flores, and Johnson. Doc. No. 52.6

The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the second amended complaint on May 5, 2020.7

Doc. No. 56. In response to this motion, Chapolini filed a motion for leave to file a third amended

complaint along with a proposed third amended complaint on June 10, 2020. Doc. Nos. 62, 63.

The court granted Chapolini’s motion and deemed the third amended complaint (Doc. No. 63) to

be properly filed. Doc. No. 64.

5 Actually, two attorneys from the Panel agreed to represent Chapolini in this case, see Doc. Nos. 46, 47. The court

resolved the issue and ultimately appointed David Wesley Cornish, Esquire, as Chapolini’s counsel. See Doc. No. 47.

6 Along with the second amended complaint, Chapolini also filed a motion for leave to file a second amended

complaint. Doc. No. 51. Since the court had already given Chapolini leave to file this amended complaint, the court

entered an order on May 4, 2021, denying the motion for leave to file a second amended complaint as moot. Doc. No.

54.

The court also notes that Chapolini did not name Officer Gamber as a defendant in the second amended

complaint. In addition, even though Chapolini did not name UDPD as a defendant in the amended complaint, he

stipulated to the dismissal of the UDPD as a defendant on May 1, 2020. Doc. No. 53.

7 In the motion, the defendants moved to have the court dismiss (1) any official capacity claims against the defendants,

(2) all claims under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, (3) all claims for false arrest and malicious prosecution,

and (4) all claims under the Pennsylvania Constitution. See Mem. of Law in Supp. of Defs.’ Mot. to Dismiss Pl.’s Am.

Compl. Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) at 4–8, Doc. No. 56.

In the third amended complaint, Chapolini alleges that on March 1, 2018, he entered the

UDPD to report a crime when McDonald told him that he had a warrant. 3d Am. Compl. at ¶ 12,

Doc. No. 63. Chapolini was speaking on his phone in the vestibule area of the police station when

Officer Capodanno told him that he was going to be arrested. Id. Chapolini then tried to go to

where his employer was waiting for him, so that the employer could witness the arrest. Id. While

trying to reach his employer, Chapolini descended a set of steps. Id. When Chapolini reached the

bottom of the steps, Officers Capodanno, Donohue, Johnson, and Flores grabbed him by the arms

and head and slammed his head into the floor. Id. They did this even though Chapolini was not

resisting arrest, and their actions caused injuries to Chapolini’s head, upper body, and shoulder.

Id.

After the officers arrested Chapolini, Officer Capodanno took him to a jail cell where, in

the full view of other arrestees and a semi-private area of the police station, had his clothes

removed and then “aggressively searched his private area, including shoving his hand into

[Chapolini’s] anus, and repeatedly grabbing [Chapolini’s] testicles very forcefully and roughly.”

Id. at ¶ 13. Once Officer Capodanno had finished his search, he left Chapolini in the cell. Id. at ¶

14. Chapolini then started to complain of extreme pain to his shoulder and testicles. Id.

Due to Chapolini’s complaints of injuries, UDPD personnel contacted paramedics who

arrived at the station and transported Chapolini to the emergency room at the Delaware County

Memorial Hospital. Id. at ¶ 15. Chapolini alleges that while at the hospital, he was treated for

injuries to his shoulder, upper body, and testicles. Id.

Based on these allegations, the plaintiff asserted causes of action under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983,

1985, and 1988 for (1) “excessive force/misuse of legal force & assault and battery” and (2) failure

to intervene. See id. at ECF pp. 3–6. For relief, Chapolini indicated that he was seeking, inter alia,

compensatory damages, punitive damages, and attorney’s fees and costs. Id. at ECF pp. 6–7.

On June 16, 2020, the defendants filed an answer to the third amended complaint. Doc.

No. 67. On June 18, 2020, the court denied as moot the defendants’ motion to dismiss the second

amended complaint. Doc. No. 70. The court entered an order on July 7, 2020, establishing, inter

alia, a schedule for the completion of discovery. Doc. No. 73.

After completing discovery, the defendants filed a motion for summary judgment on

January 21, 2021. Doc. Nos. 80, 83. Chapolini received an extension of time to file his response

in opposition to the motion, see Doc. Nos. 86, 76, and filed his response on March 9, 2021. Doc.

No. 88. On March 25, 2021, the court held oral argument on the motion for summary judgment.

The motion for summary judgment is ripe for disposition.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Applicable Standard of Review

“Summary judgment is appropriate where, construing all evidence in the light most

favorable to the nonmoving party, ‘there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the

movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.’” Bletz v. Corrie, 974 F.3d 306, 308 (3d Cir.

2020) (quoting Sec’y U.S. Dep’t of Labor v. Kwasny, 853 F.3d 87, 90 & n.5 (3d Cir. 2017)). In

determining whether to grant summary judgment, the court may consider pleadings, depositions,

answers to interrogatories, admissions, and affidavits submitted by the parties. United States v.

Weiss, 461 F. Supp. 3d 183, 187 (E.D. Pa. 2020).

A “genuine” factual dispute exists if the “evidence is such that a reasonable jury could

return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” Physicians Healthsource, Inc. v. Cephalon, Inc., 954

F.3d 615, 618 (3d Cir. 2020) (quoting Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986)).

A material fact is one that “might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.” Id.

(quoting Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248)). “Factual disputes that are irrelevant or unnecessary will not

be counted.” Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248 (citing 10A C. Wright, A. Miller, & M. Kane, Federal

Practice and Procedure § 2725, pp. 93–95 (1983).

The moving party bears the “initial burden of identifying specific portions of the record

that establish the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” Morgan-Lapp v. Reliance Standard

Life Ins. Co., Civ. A. No. 18-1085, 2019 WL 653093, at *2 (E.D. Pa. Feb. 14, 2019) (quoting

Santini v. Fuentes, 795 F.3d 410, 416 (3d Cir. 2015)) (internal quotation marks omitted). The non-

moving party must then identify facts that raise a genuine issue for trial by pointing to specific

portions of the record. Lichtenstein v. Lower Merion Sch. Dist., 316 F. Supp. 3d 855, 863 (E.D.

Pa. 2018) (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(A)). Under Rule 56, the court views the evidence in the

light most favorable to the non-moving party. Id. at 864 (citing Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255).

However, “[s]peculation, conclusory allegations, and mere denials are insufficient to raise genuine

issues of material fact.” Alarmforce Indus., Inc. v. Egan, Civ. A. No. 19-4716, 2020 WL 4903774,

at *2 (E.D. Pa. Aug. 20, 2020) (quoting Boykins v. Lucent Techs., Inc., 78 F. Supp. 2d 402, 408

(E.D. Pa. 2000)).

B. Factual Background Applicable to the Motion for Summary Judgment

This lawsuit concerns events that transpired during the course of Chapolini’s arrest at the

UDPD station on March 1, 2018. See Statement of Undisputed Material Facts in Supp. of Mot. for

Summ. J. on Behalf of Defs. Anthony Capodanno, Kevin Donohue, James Flores, Thomas Johnson

and Walter McDonald (“Defs.’ Facts”) at ¶ 1, Doc. No. 80-1.8 Chapolini went to the UDPD station

8 Because Chapolini’s statement of undisputed facts merely adopts by reference portions of the defendants’ statement

of undisputed material facts, see Doc. No. 88 at ECF p. 9, only the defendants’ statement of facts will be cited. Facts

that are not undisputed will be so noted. Citations to deposition transcripts are disputed.

to file a police report regarding a fraudulent purchase of video games made to his account. See

Defs. Anthony Capodanno, Kevin Donohue, James Flores, Thomas Johnson and Walter

McDonald’s Mot. for Summ. J. (“Defs.’ Mem.”), Ex. C, Dep. of Vincent Aienne Chapolini

(“Chapolini Dep.”) at 38:3–39:13, Doc. No. 80-2.

When he arrived at the station, Chapolini spoke to McDonald, a civilian employee, who

ran Chapolini’s information through the National Crime Information Center (“NCIC”), as is

customary for all visitors to the police station. Defs.’ Facts at ¶¶ 79–80. The NCIC indicated that

Chapolini was a violent offender, an escape risk, and was wanted for violating parole. Id. at ¶ 81.

McDonald informed Officer Capodanno that a warrant was out for Chapolini’s arrest. Id. at ¶ 80.

Officer Capodanno, who was in full uniform, approached Chapolini and placed his right

hand on his shoulder. Id. at ¶¶ 82, 85. He gently told Chapolini that a warrant was out for his arrest

and needed to be dealt with. Id. at ¶ 82. While this was happening, McDonald spoke into his radio

and said that a wanted person was in the lobby, prompting a number of other officers to respond.

Id. at ¶ 83. McDonald did not leave from behind his desk. Id. at ¶ 84.

When Officer Capodanno approached Chapolini and told him that he was under arrest,

Chapolini began to panic. Id. at ¶ 27. In his deposition, Chapolini stated that he then ran from the

lobby in an effort to “get into the eyesight of my employer,” referring to the individual who had

brought him to the police station to make a police report, “just in case anything illegal or wrong

happened.” Chapolini Dep. at 45:19–46:19. Although he intended to leave the building, Chapolini

did not intend to leave the property and merely wanted to reach the steps of the building, right

outside the entrance. Defs.’ Facts at ¶ 29. As Chapolini ran from the lobby toward the front steps

of the police station, Officer Capodanno grabbed onto the back of Chapolini’s hooded sweatshirt.

Id. at ¶¶ 86, 88. As Officer Capodanno and Chapolini ran out of the lobby toward the front steps,

Officer Donohue and Captain Johnson, who had responded to McDonald’s call for assistance,

chased after Chapolini as well. Id. at ¶ 99.

Officer Capodanno stated in his deposition that as he held onto Chapolini’s hooded

sweater, Chapolini dragged him down the steps. See Defs.’ Mem., Ex. K (“Capodanno Dep.”) at

17:9–20. According to Officer Capodanno, he was unable to gain control of Chapolini until Officer

Donohue and Captain Johnson arrived. Id. at 15:16–16:3.

Chapolini stated in his deposition that he was slammed into a door and onto the floor while

being arrested. See Chapolini Dep. at 51:4–7; Defs.’ Facts at ¶¶ 31, 36. He does not know the

identity of the officer who slammed his head. Defs.’ Facts at ¶ 34. Chapolini stated that Officer

Flores and Captain Johnson were not the officers who slammed his head, but he indicated that they

pressed and leaned on him during the arrest. Id. at ¶ 40. Chapolini knows that Officer Donohue

was involved generally in the arrest. Id. at ¶ 41. Officer Vaughn, who is not named as a defendant

in this action, was also present when Chapolini was on the ground and handcuffed. Id. at ¶ 115.

Chapolini believes it was Officer Capodanno that slammed his head because he was the one who

first came into contact with Chapolini and held onto the hood of his sweater. Id. at ¶¶ 34, 36–37.

However, he does not know the extent of Officer Capodanno’s involvement. Id. at ¶ 38. In total,

three officers leaned on Chapolini during the course of his arrest. Id. at ¶ 32. Because the officers

were on top of Chapolini, he could not get his arm from underneath him to put behind his back.

Id. At some point, Chapolini recalls, an officer whose identity he does not know twisted his arm

behind his back and pushed it up toward his head. Id. at ¶¶ 33, 39.

After the police handcuffed Chapolini, the officers conducted a quick pat down search. Id.

at ¶ 103. Officer Donohue then escorted Chapolini to the police station’s holding cell area, where

he performed a more thorough search. Id. at ¶¶ 93–94, 103.

According to Officer Donohue, detainees such as Chapolini are brought into a holding cell

while still handcuffed, where the officer performing the search will perform a “feel test” of the

detainee’s jacket, waistband, and pockets. Id. at ¶ 104. The detainee’s handcuffs are then removed,

followed by the person’s outer garments. Id. at ¶ 105. Once all of the person’s garments are

removed, the officer will run a finger along the waistband of the detainee’s underwear to ensure

that nothing is there, and will pull the bottom of the underwear to ensure that the detainee is not

hiding any weapons or contraband. Id. at ¶ 106. The officer will then search the detainee using a

metal detector wand. Id. According to Officer Donohue, an officer would never search a detainee’s

groin area using his hands; rather, the officer would use a metal wand. Id. at ¶ 107.

According to the third amended complaint, Officer Capodanno—not Officer Donohue—

removed Chapolini’s clothing in full view of the other officers and aggressively searched his

genital area, including by shoving his hand into Chapolini’s anus and repeatedly grabbing his

testicles in a forceful and rough manner. Id. at ¶ 44. Chapolini testified that this was not the first

time that he had been strip-searched, and the Department of Corrections had previously strip-

searched him at least five times. Id. at ¶ 45. Under Upper Darby Township’s policy governing

prisoner strip searches, such searches can only be performed if there is a reasonable suspicion to

believe that that a detainee is concealing weapons or contraband. Id. at ¶ 20.

In his deposition, Chapolini testified that five or six officers—possibly more—were in the

holding cell with him, and that Officer Capodanno was behind him helping him remove his

clothing and searching him. Id. at ¶¶ 51, 66. Chapolini removed all of his clothing except his t-

shirt and his boxers. Id. at ¶ 54. Chapolini testified that this caused him emotional trauma because

he felt it was unnecessary, as he had merely gone to the police station to file a police report. Id. at

¶ 60. Chapolini testified that as Officer Capodanno began searching him, Officer Capodanno put

his hand in Chapolini’s right boxer pant leg, forcibly and repeatedly grabbed his testicles, and ran

his fingers through Chapolini’s anus. Id. at ¶¶ 62–63. However, Officer Capodanno’s fingers did

not penetrate Chapolini’s anus; the search resembled what children call a “credit card swipe.” Id.

at ¶ 74.

Chapolini later testified at his deposition that he was unsure whether or not it was Officer

Capodanno that performed the search on him. See id. at ¶¶ 57–59, 68, 69. Additionally, Chapolini

admitted that he was mistaken when he said he was handcuffed because he had to take his clothing

off himself. Id. at ¶ 52. Indeed, both parties now appear to agree that Officer Capodanno was not

the officer that performed the strip-search. See Defs.’ Facts at ¶¶ 95, 96, 111;9 Pl.’s Resp. to Defs.’

Statement of Undisputed Material Facts and Additional Undisputed Facts (“Pl.’s Facts”) at ¶ 2.10

Rather, it was Officer Donahue that searched the plaintiff. Defs.’ Facts at ¶ 116; see also Pl.’s

Facts at ¶ 2.

After the search, Officer Vaughn, who was present when Officer Donohue searched

Chapolini, Defs.’ Facts at ¶ 116, decided to send Chapolini to the hospital for treatment. See Defs.’

Mem., Ex. M (“Vaughn Dep.”) at 18:1–8. Officer Vaughn stated in his deposition that this is

standard practice for detainees who complain of pain. Vaughn Dep. at 18:13–15. Chapolini claims

that he told Dr. Dumin, the physician who treated him at the hospital, and the paramedics who

picked him up in the ambulance, that he was experiencing pain in his groin area. Defs.’ Facts at ¶¶

71–73. However, Officer Donohue claims that Chapolini never complained of groin pain and that

he did not hear Chapolini make any such complaints when he was at the hospital. Defs.’ Facts at

¶ 114; see also Defs.’ Mem., Ex. L (“Donohue Dep.”) at 19:4–12 (stating that although Chapolini

complained of left shoulder pain, he did not complain of any other type of pain). Officer Vaughn

9 These facts were not adopted by Chapolini and therefore are disputed.

10 These facts were not adopted by the defendants and therefore are disputed.

also stated in his deposition that Chapolini only complained of shoulder pain. See Vaughn Dep. at

18:1–4. Moreover, it is impossible that Chapolini informed Dr. Dumin of any groin pain because

any genital examination would have required the presence of a chaperone. Defs.’ Facts at ¶ 135.

C. Analysis

1. Excessive Force Claims

In the third amended complaint, Chapolini asserts one cause of action for excessive force

against all defendants. Within that count, Chapolini separately alleges that the defendants applied

excessive force against him while attempting to arrest him, and that Officer Capodanno used

excessive force in conducting both a strip search and a body cavity search of him. The defendants

move to have the court enter summary judgment as to these excessive force claims, arguing that

Chapolini has failed to submit sufficient proof to support these claims and that they are, in any

case, entitled to qualified immunity. The court will address the defendants’ arguments regarding

each of Chapolini’s excessive force claims in turn.

a. Excessive Force Claim – Arrest

i. There is an issue of fact as to the identity of the officer who allegedly applied excessive

force against Chapolini.

As indicated above, Chapolini asserts an excessive force claim against all defendants,

alleging that they applied unconstitutional force against him while arresting him. See 3d Am.

Compl. at ¶ 28. However, in his deposition, Chapolini clarified that he was only alleging that

Officer Capodanno used excessive force against him. See Chapolini Dep. at 130:4–9. He explained

that he was identifying Officer Capodanno as the one who applied excessive force against him

because he was the first one to touch him. See Defs.’ Facts at ¶¶ 37–38. Yet, Chapolini admits that

he does not know the extent of Officer Capodanno’s involvement in his arrest. Defs.’ Facts at ¶¶

37–38.

In moving for summary judgment on this excessive force claim, the defendants first argue

that it is insufficient for Chapolini to merely identify a group of officers who were present during

the incident in question without identifying the particular officer who applied the allegedly

unconstitutional force. See Defs.’ Mem. at 4. In response, Chapolini contends that summary

judgment is not warranted because he has provided evidence identifying the defendant officer who

bears primary responsibility for taking him into custody. See Pl. Vincent Chapolini’s Mem. of Law

in Supp. of Resp. to Defs.’ Mot. for Summ. J. (“Pl.’s Mem.”) at ECF p. 6, Doc. No. 88. The court

finds that Chapolini has adduced sufficient evidence to create a genuine issue of fact as to which

officer allegedly applied unconstitutional force against him.

In general, the plaintiff in a section 1983 action must, when confronted with a motion for

summary judgment, “produce evidence supporting each individual defendant’s personal

involvement in the alleged violation to bring that defendant to trial.” Jutrowski v. Twp. of

Riverdale, 904 F.3d 280, 291 (3d Cir. 2018); see also Sharrar v. Felsing, 128 F.3d 810, 821 (3d

Cir. 1999) (finding no evidentiary basis to hold defendant officers liable where plaintiff could

recognize all defendants but could not identify which ones were with him when alleged abuse

occurred), abrogated on other grounds by Curley v. Klem, 499 F.3d 199 (3d Cir. 2007); Seward v.

City of Phila., Civ. A. No. 00-3563, 2002 WL 563580, at *2 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 11, 2002) (explaining

that “[s]ummary judgment is warranted where the plaintiff is unable to identify the accused

officers” and citing numerous decisions applying this legal principle). However, courts have

declined to grant summary judgment where, despite the plaintiff’s inability to identify the

particular officer who applied allegedly unconstitutional force, “the evidence identifies the officer

who ‘bore primary responsibility for taking [the plaintiff] into custody’ and could have used

excessive force in doing so.” Dixon v. Schweizer, Civ. A. No. 18-5403, 2020 WL 4600187, at *5

(E.D. Pa. Aug. 11, 2020) (quoting Dull v. W. Manchester Twp. Police Dep’t, 604 F. Supp. 2d 739,

750 (M.D. Pa. 2009)).

In Dixon, the defendant police officers moved for summary judgment on the plaintiff’s

excessive force and assault and battery claims, arguing that the plaintiff had failed to identify which

of two officers allegedly tackled him. Id. at *4. The defendants asserted that the plaintiff had only

produced evidence that “a tall officer, among approximately 12 officers present, tackled him.” Id.

They also insisted that while the plaintiff had testified to encountering one of the officers

previously, he could not identify that officer as the one who had tackled him. Id. Relying on Dull

and drawing all inferences in favor of the plaintiff, the court denied summary judgment as to the

officer the plaintiff testified to having encountered previously. Id. at *5. In doing so, the court

noted that the officer testified in his deposition that he participated in the “takedown” of the

plaintiff and that he himself had handcuffed the plaintiff. Id.

Similarly, here, and drawing all inferences in favor of Chapolini, as the non-moving party,

there is a genuine dispute as to whether Officer Capodanno was the one who applied excessive

force against him. As an initial matter, it bears noting that the cases cited by the defendants, Howell

v. Cataldi, 464 F.2d 272 (3d Cir. 1972) and McNeil v. City of Easton, 694 F. Supp. 2d 375 (E.D.

Pa. 2010), are distinguishable because in neither case did the plaintiff identify a specific officer as

the one who allegedly applied unconstitutional force against him. See Howell, 464 F.2d at 283

(“There is no proof that Cataldi wielded the club or that Kinsella did; all that was said was that one

of the two did.”); McNeil, 694 F. Supp. 2d at 395 (explaining that only evidence in support of

excessive force claim was plaintiff’s testimony that “one officer looked at the other officer, and

then he ran up the steps. Before he put the handcuffs on me, he kicked me in the back of my head”).

Here, by contrast, Chapolini identified Officer Capodanno as the one who used excessive force

against him. See Chapolini Dep. at 130:4-9 (“Q: What officer are you accusing of excessive force?

A. Mr. Capodanno. Q: He’s the only one, is that correct? A: That’s the only one that I am aware

of.”); id. at 130:18-20 (“Q: He was the one that arrested you, you’ve identified him as the person

that slammed your head on the floor? A: Correct.”).

It is true that Chapolini could not conclusively identify Officer Capodanno as the one who

slammed his head to the floor, given that he was apprehended from behind. See id. at 126:9-13

(stating that Chapolini did not see Officer Capodanno apprehend him because he does not “have

eyes in the back of [his] head”). However, Chapolini clearly identified Officer Capodanno as the

officer who bore “primary responsibility,” Dixon, 2020 WL 4600187, at *5, for apprehending him.

For example, Mr. Chapolini testified that one officer landed on him, and that he knew it was Officer

Capodanno because he was behind him. See id. at 127:9-13; 129:8. Chapolini also asserts that

someone whom he believes to be Officer Capodanno twisted his arm and pushed it back towards

his head while it was behind his back. Id. at 107:19-108:4. According to Chapolini, neither Officer

Flores nor Officer Johnson slammed his head or injured his upper body, but they did help arrest

him only after Officer Capodanno had pinned him down. Id. at 140:12-141:5. Chapolini also

testified that he believes Officer Donahue became involved only after he had been slammed to the

ground. See id. at 141:14-22. Moreover, McDonald could not have applied the excessive force

because it is undisputed that he never left from behind his desk. Defs.’ Facts at ¶ 84. Finally,

Officer Capodanno’s deposition testimony clearly implicates him in the arrest and apprehension

of Chapolini as he was trying to flee. See Capodanno Dep. at 19:1-16. Here, drawing all inferences

in favor of the plaintiff, a jury could conclude that Officer Capodanno was the officer who

allegedly slammed Chapolini to the ground and twisted his arm.

ii. Despite there being an issue of fact as to whether Officer Capodanno was the officer who

used excessive force, the court will grant summary judgment because the force used against

Chapolini was objectively reasonable under the circumstances.

Despite the existence of disputed facts concerning the identity of the officer who allegedly

applied unconstitutional force against Chapolini, the court must still determine whether the amount

of force applied against him was excessive. See Lamb v. Wysocki, Civ. A. No. 06-2166(NLH),

2008 WL 1732973, at *5–6 (D.N.J. Apr. 10, 2008) (proceeding to determine whether force applied

against plaintiff constituted excessive force after finding the existence of “an issue of material fact

as to [the defendant police officer]’s contact with [the plaintiff]”); see also Fils v. City of Aventura,

647 F.3d 1272, 1288 (11th Cir. 2011) (“At summary judgment, we . . . must reconstruct the event

in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and determine whether the officer’s use of

force was excessive under those circumstances.”). If the force used against the plaintiff was not

excessive, then a dispute as to the identity of the officer who applied force against the plaintiff will

not defeat summary judgment. See Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248 (“Only disputes over facts that might

affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude the entry of summary

judgment.”).

The defendants assert that their actions in apprehending Chapolini did not constitute

excessive force where the officers and Chapolini were engaged in a struggle and Chapolini was

attempting to resist arrest. See Defs.’ Mem. at 4. In response, Chapolini merely states that the

parties dispute whether excessive force was used, and points to Officer Donohue’s deposition

testimony in which he stated that Chapolini complained of left shoulder pain. See Pl.’s Mem. at

ECF p. 5.

The court finds that the force applied against Chapolini was objectively reasonable under

the circumstances; therefore, Chapolini’s excessive force claim relating to his arrest must fail.

Claims of excessive force are analyzed under the Fourth Amendment’s “‘reasonableness’ inquiry”.

Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 397 (1989). That inquiry “is an objective one: the question is

whether the officers’ actions are ‘objectively reasonable’ in light of the facts and circumstances

confronting them, without regard to their underlying intent or motivation.” Id. (citing Scott v.

United States 436 U.S. 128, 137–39 (1978) and Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 21 (1968)). The court

“ask[s] whether, ‘from the perspective of the officer at the time of the incident and not with the

benefit of hindsight,’ the officers were objectively reasonable in their use of force.” Brown v.

Makofka, 644 F. App’x 139, 142 (3d Cir. 2016) (quoting Santini v. Fuentes, 795 F.3d 410, 417 (3d

Cir. 2015)). In determining whether the force used was objectively reasonable, the court should

carefully consider “the facts and circumstances of each particular case, including the severity of

the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or

others, and whether [the suspect] is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.”

Graham, 490 U.S. at 396 (citing Tennessee v. Garner, 471 U.S. 1, 8–9 (1985)).

While the question of reasonableness is generally one for the jury to decide, “defendants

can still win on summary judgment if the district court concludes, after resolving all factual

disputes in favor of the plaintiff, that the officer’s use of force was objectively reasonable under

the circumstances.” Kopec v. Tate, 361 F.3d 772, 777 (3d Cir. 2004) (quoting Abraham v. Raso,

183 F.3d 279, 290 (3d Cir. 1999)). Moreover, “where there is video evidence that contradicts the

testimony of an opposing party, the court should not adopt the nonmoving party’s facts over the

clear video evidence to the contrary.” Hawthorne v. Mun. of Norristown, Civ. A. No. 15-1572,

2016 WL 454401, at *4 (E.D. Pa. Feb. 5, 2016) (citing Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 380 (2007));

see also Allen v. Eckard, 804 F. App’x 123, 126 (3d Cir. 2020) (per curiam) (affirming entry of

summary judgment on plaintiff’s excessive force claim where “videotape evidence of the incident

blatantly contradicts [the plaintiff]’s version of events” (internal quotation marks omitted)).

This court has reviewed the video footage of Chapolini’s arrest and finds that no reasonable

jury could conclude that the officers used excessive force in arresting him. See Defs.’ Mem, Ex. I.

The court notes that when he was apprehended, Chapolini was attempting to evade arrest by

running out of the police station. Under such circumstances, “[t]he calculus of reasonableness must

embody allowance for the fact that police officers are often forced to make split-second

judgments—in circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and rapidly evolving—about the amount

of force that is necessary in a particular situation.” Graham, 490 U.S. at 396–97. Here, the

videotape footage, the authenticity of which Chapolini does not dispute, captures Chapolini’s flight

from the police station lobby, down the steps, and the ensuing struggle with the officers who

attempted to arrest him. See Defs.’ Facts at ¶ 23. The video shows three officers running after

Chapolini as he runs down the stairs and attempts to exit the building. One officer then pulls on

Chapolini’s sweatshirt to prevent him from exiting the station. The two other officers then attempt

to subdue Chapolini and pull him to the ground. The three officers then manage to bring Chapolini

to the ground and arrest him. After being brought to his feet, Chapolini, now in handcuffs, is able

to walk on his own and is led out of the stairwell.

While it is possible that “a less aggressive approach could have achieved the same result .

. .’[n]ot every push or shove, even if it may later seem unnecessary in the peace of a judge’s

chambers, violates the Fourth Amendment.” Brown, 644 F. App’x at 142–43 (quoting Graham,

490 U.S. at 396). Indeed, courts have rejected excessive force claims in situations involving fleeing

suspects where the force used against the plaintiff was as much or greater than the force used here.

See, e.g., id. at 142 (pinning plaintiff to ground and “prying his arms behind his body” were

objectively reasonable where plaintiff was “physically resisting arrest and by crossing his arms

and gripping his protective vest so that the officers could not handcuff him”); Hill v. Havens, No.

4:18-CV-212, 2018 WL 4184316, at *2 (M.D. Pa. Aug. 31, 2018) (dismissing excessive force

claim against officer who “kicked [the defendant] in the chest in the course of an arrest, after [the

defendant] had attempted to flee, and after [the defendant] had refused orders to remain on the

ground.”). Accordingly, the defendants’ motion for summary judgment is granted as to the

excessive force claim stemming from Chapolini’s arrest.

iii. The defendants are entitled to qualified immunity on the excessive force claim relating to

Chapolini’s arrest.

The defendants argue that they are entitled to qualified immunity because the force used to

overcome Chapolini’s resistance was reasonable, and because their actions did not rise to the level

of conduct that violates the Fourth Amendment. See Defs.’ Mem. at 8, 11. Chapolini does not

argue otherwise. See generally, Pl.’s Mem. As further discussed below, the court agrees that the

defendants are entitled to qualified immunity.

Qualified immunity is a doctrine that “shields government officials from suit when their

conduct does not violate clearly established constitutional law.” Rodriguez v. Panarello, 119 F.

Supp. 3d 331, 341 (E.D. Pa. 2015). To determine whether qualified immunity applies, courts

engage in a two-part analysis: first, the court must determine whether a constitutional right was

violated; second, it must determine whether the right was clearly established. Id. (citing Saucier v.

Katz, 533 U.S. 194, 201 (2001)). A defendant is entitled to qualified immunity if “either . . . the

official did not violate a constitutional right or . . . the right in question was not ‘clearly

established.’” Id. (citing Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 236 (2009)). “Although qualified

immunity is a question of law determined by the Court, when qualified immunity depends on

disputed issues of fact, those issues must be determined by the jury.” Christmann v. Link, Civ. A.

No. 19-1707, 2021 WL 1269917, at *8 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 6, 2021) (quoting Monteiro v. City of

Elizabeth, 436 F.3d 397, 405 (3d Cir. 2006)).

With regard to whether the right in question in this case is clearly established, “there is no

dispute that the ‘right of an arrestee to be free from the use of excessive force in the course of his

handcuffing’ is clearly established.” Rivera v. Como, 733 F. App’x 587, 590 (3d Cir. 2018)

(quoting Kopec, 361 F.3d at 778). The “dispositive issue,” then, is whether the record shows that

the force used against Chapolini was objectively reasonable as a matter of law. See id.

Here, the defendant officers’ entitlement to qualified immunity does not turn on disputed

issues of fact. As discussed above, although the identity of the particular officer or officers who

allegedly applied unconstitutional force against Chapolini is in dispute, the videotape evidence

demonstrates that the officers’ actions in apprehending Chapolini as he was fleeing the police

station were objectively reasonable under the circumstances. The force the officers applied was

limited to that reasonably necessary to apprehend and arrest Chapolini. Thus, the defendants’

actions did not violate the Fourth Amendment. Because Chapolini has not demonstrated an

underlying constitutional violation, the defendants are entitled to qualified immunity. See Rivera,

733 F. App’x at 591 (affirming district court’s grant of qualified immunity where force applied by

arresting officers was not objectively unreasonable under the circumstances).

b. Excessive Force Claim – Strip Search

Chapolini also asserts a claim for excessive force against Officer Capodanno for allegedly

conducting an unauthorized strip search of him. This claim, contained in Count I of the third

amended complaint, is only asserted against Officer Capodanno. See 3d Am. Compl. at ¶ 27, Doc.

No. 63 (“Plaintiff avers he was forcibly strip searched by Defendant Capodanno in a semi-public

area, and in front of all the other Defendants . . . .). The defendants have moved for summary

judgment on this claim on the ground that Chapolini has identified the wrong officer, and that in

any case, the strip-search conducted on him was neither unconstitutional nor unreasonable as a

matter of law. Defs.’ Mem. at 12; see also Defs.’ Facts at ¶ 95.

Although Chapolini does not adopt the portion of the defendants’ statement of undisputed

material facts asserting that it was not Officer Capodanno who strip-searched him, he

acknowledges in his own statement of facts that “Officer Donohue searched [him] while Officer

Johnson observed him.” See Pl.’s Suppl. Statement of Undisputed Material Facts at ¶ 2, Doc. No.

88. In his brief opposing summary judgment, Chapolini repeats this allegation, stating: “Defendant

Donohue took the Plaintiff into the jail cell and physically searched him.” Pl.’s Mem. at ECF p. 6;

see also id. at ECF p. 7 (stating that “Defendant Johnson supervised as Defendant Donohue

searched Plaintiff”).

Because Chapolini acknowledges that Officer Capodanno was not the officer who

allegedly conducted a strip-search of him, and the strip-search allegations are only asserted against

Officer Capodanno, see 3d Am. Compl. at ¶ 27, the court grants summary judgment as to the strip-

search component of Chapolini’s excessive force claim. See Jutrowski, 904 F.3d at 291 (stating

that “in the face of [a] motion for summary judgment, a § 1983 plaintiff must produce evidence

supporting each individual defendant’s personal involvement in the alleged violation to bring that

defendant to trial”).

Moreover, even if the court were to credit Chapolini’s statement that an unidentified officer

other than Officer Capodanno (or Officer Johnson) could have been the one that conducted a strip-

search of him, see Chapolini Dep. at 151:1-7, he still cannot defeat summary judgment. Indeed,

and as indicated above, where a plaintiff cannot identify the officer responsible for applying

excessive force, there is no basis on which to hold any defendant liable. See, e.g., Williams v. City

of York, Pa., 967 F.3d 252, 261 (3d Cir. 2020) (holding that plaintiff’s “allegations that certain

unidentified officers put a knee to her back, tripped her, and were ‘forceful and rough’ in handling

her cannot survive summary judgment”); Sharrar, 128 F.3d at 821 (“[Plaintiff], who could

recognize all of the defendant officers, was unable to identify which police officers were in the

police car with him at the time of the alleged abuse. There was therefore no evidentiary basis on

which to hold these defendants liable”); Howell, 464 F.2d at 283 (affirming district court’s grant

of judgment as a matter of law to defendants on Eighth Amendment claim against police officer

defendants where “[a]t best, there was proof of wrongful conduct of one, identified only as one of

two possible actors, without an explicit identification as to which of the two” (emphasis in

original)); cf. Smith v. Mensinger, 293 F.3d 641, 650 (3d Cir. 2002) (allowing excessive force

claim to proceed to trial despite plaintiff’s admission that he was “not sure that [all five defendant-

correctional officers] participated in the beating at all” where he nevertheless testified that “all of

them . . . were pushing my head, right, into the cabinets in the wall,” and “the full force of all the

guards [was] behind me . . . I said all of them” (boldface omitted)).

c. Excessive Force Claim – Body Cavity Search

Beyond the excessive force claim involving Chapolini’s arrest and subsequent strip-search,

there is, intertwined in Count I of the third amended complaint, a claim for excessive force arising

from the alleged body cavity search conducted on Chapolini. See 3d Am. Compl. at ¶ 29 (alleging

that Officer Capodanno “grabbed his testicles and searched his anus causing the Plaintiff extreme

pain”). In moving for summary judgment on this claim, the defendants argue (as they did with

respect to his claim pertaining to the strip-search) that Chapolini is unable to identify which officer

allegedly performed the body cavity search, and that this failure is fatal to his claim. See Defs.’

Mem. at 16–17. They assert that while Chapolini initially identified Officer Capodanno as the

perpetrator, he later “walked back” this testimony and later suggested that one of multiple officers

with him in the holding cell did it. Id. In response to the defendants’ argument, Chapolini states

that although he “did not know the officer who searched him, . . . it was one of the persons who

handcuffed him.” Pl.’s Mem. at ECF p. 7.

“Where the plaintiff fails to identify which defendant officer is responsible for the alleged

excessive force, there is no evidentiary basis on which to hold any of the defendants liable.”

McNeil, 694 F. Supp. 2d at 395. Summary judgment is warranted where the plaintiff “has narrowed

the potential universe of actors to those that were in his immediate vicinity,” but nevertheless fails

to produce evidence supporting an individual defendant’s involvement. Jutrowski, 904 F.3d at

291-92; see also Seward, 2002 WL 563580, at *2 (collecting cases). Here, Chapolini names

Officer Capodanno as the one who performed a body cavity search on him in the operative

complaint, see 3d Am. Compl. at ¶ 29. However, his deposition testimony is more equivocal. First,

he states that Officer Capodanno is the one who “ran his fingers through my anus, yes.” Chapolini

Dep. at 131:2. Later on, however, he admits that another officer might have been the one that

conducted the search on him. See id. at 151:1-7 (“Q. It would be fair to say, since you don’t have

eyes in the back of your head and you weren’t looking that way, that an officer other than Officer

Capodanno might have actually participated in the search of you in that cell room; is that a fair

statement? A. Yes.”); see also id. at 164:6-14 (“Q. Because your back was turned, is it fair to say

it would have been one officer, it could have been the officer that you believed was searching you

or it could have been a different officer that touched . . . A. Yes, that’s correct.”).

Because Chapolini has, at best, narrowed the potential universe of perpetrators to Officers

Donohue, Capodanno, McDonald, and Johnson, there is insufficient evidence upon which to hold

these defendants liable for the alleged body cavity search. See Damiani v. Duffy, 754 F. App’x

142, 146 n.3 (3d Cir. 2018) (per curiam) (“[Plaintiff’s] unsupported and inconsistent assertions

that these defendants were directly, physically involved in violating his constitutional rights do not

permit his excessive force claims to survive summary judgment.”). In this regard, the court notes

that unlike the excessive force claim arising from his arrest, Chapolini has failed to identify a

genuine dispute of material fact concerning the identity of the officer who allegedly conducted the

body cavity search on him. As indicated above, with regard to the excessive force claim arising

out of his arrest, Chapolini testified that Officer Capodanno was the only one he was accusing of

applying excessive force against him during the arrest. See Defs.’ Facts at ¶ 35. Moreover, both

Officer Capodanno’s own deposition testimony and the video evidence implicated him in

Chapolini’s arrest. See Capodanno Dep. at 19:1-16; Ex. I.

Here, by contrast, Chapolini does not allege that Officer Capodanno—or any single officer

for that matter—was the officer that allegedly conducted the body cavity search on him. Indeed,

he states in his deposition testimony that Officer Capodanno—or another officer present in the cell

during the search—could have performed the body cavity search on him. See Chapolini Dep. at

151:1-7. Moreover, Officer Capodanno did not implicate himself in the alleged body cavity search;

he affirmatively testified in his deposition that he did not search Chapolini and that he was in an

adjacent room at the time of the search. See Defs.’ Facts at ¶¶ 95–96. Because Chapolini has not

identified the officer who “bore primary responsibility” for the alleged body cavity search, he has

failed to identify a genuine issue of material fact sufficient to survive summary judgment. See

Dixon, 2020 WL 4600187, at *5.

2. Failure to Intervene Claim

Because Chapolini is “unable to establish as a matter of law, the predicate constitutional

violation necessary to establish the first element of a failure to intervene claim—that a

constitutional violation took place in their presence or with their knowledge,” Waugaman v. City

of Greensburg, Civ. A. No. 2:17-330, 2019 WL 2410818, at *10 (W.D. Pa. June 7, 2019), the court

will grant summary judgment in favor the defendants on Chapolini’s failure to intervene claim.

See Klein v. Madison, 374 F. Supp. 3d 389, 419 (E.D. Pa. 2019) (“To be directly liable under a

failure to intervene theory, (1) the plaintiff must have demonstrated that her underlying

constitutional rights were violated; (2) the officer had a duty to intervene; and (3) the officer must

have had a realistic and reasonable opportunity to intervene.” (internal citations, quotations, and

alterations omitted)).

III. CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth above, the court grants the defendants’ motion for summary

judgment as to Chapolini’s section 1983 claims for excessive force and failure to intervene.

The court will enter a separate order.

BY THE COURT:

/s/ Edward G. Smith

EDWARD G. SMITH, J.