The opinion
Filed 4/15/13; pub. order & mod. 5/15/13 (see end of opn.)
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
PETER M. CASTLEMAN, et al.,
F064590
Plaintiffs and Respondents,
(Super. Ct. No. 11CECG03132)
v.
HOWARD A. SAGASER, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Fresno County. Alan M.
Simpson, Judge.
Griswold, LaSalle, Cobb, Dowd & Gin, Robert M. Dowd, Raymond L. Carlson,
and Laura A. Wolfe, for Defendant and Appellant.
Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, Barry W. Lee, Christopher L. Wanger, and
Benjamin G. Shatz, for Plaintiffs and Respondents.
-ooOoo-
This is an appeal from the denial of a special motion to strike under Code of Civil
Procedure section 425.16, commonly known as the “anti-SLAPP statute.”1 The motion
was filed by appellant Howard Sagaser as to claims for breach of fiduciary duty, breach
of the duty of loyalty, conversion, and invasion of privacy asserted against him by
respondents Peter Castleman, Central California Development Group, LLC, Selma
Crossings, LLC, and Merced Gateway, LLC. The trial court concluded that the anti-
SLAPP statute was not applicable to respondents‟ causes of action because the claims did
not arise from constitutionally protected speech or petitioning activity, but rather from the
alleged breach of an attorney‟s professional and ethical duties owed to former clients.
We affirm the trial court‟s ruling.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDCURAL BACKGROUND
Howard Sagaser is a licensed attorney and co-founder of the Fresno law firm
previously known as Sagaser, Jones & Helsley (the “Law Firm”).2 He and attorney
Timothy Jones were longtime shareholders and officers of the Law Firm. In October
2009, Sagaser resigned from the Law Firm under what respondents describe as
acrimonious terms stemming from an internal dispute between Sagaser and his law
partners, Jones in particular. The underlying details of that dispute are not relevant to this
appeal.
Sagaser‟s resignation became effective October 29, 2009. On Saturday,
October 24, 2009, Sagaser remotely accessed the Law Firm‟s document management
system from his home computer and spent several hours reviewing materials pertaining to
1SLAPP is an acronym for “Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation.”
(Oasis West Realty v. Goldman (2011) 51 Cal.4th 811, 815, fn 1 (Oasis West).) Unless
otherwise indicated, subsequent statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.
2 Presently known as “Wanger Jones Helsley, PC,” the firm has changed names
several times since its formation in 1994. We refer to the law firm generically to avoid
confusion with individual attorneys Howard Sagaser and Timothy Jones.
2.
two groups of clients. Respondents comprised one group, while the other consisted of
James Bratton and Bratton Investments, LLC (collectively “Bratton”).
James Bratton and his affiliated entities had been clients of the Law Firm for
several years. Timothy Jones served as counsel for Bratton and related entities in various
real estate transactions, while Sagaser provided representation in labor and employment
matters. Respondent Peter Castleman had been a client of the Law Firm since
approximately 2003.
Many of the documents reviewed by Sagaser pertained to real estate transactions
between the clients in 2007. Bratton had previously held ownership interests in
undeveloped parcels of land located in the counties of Fresno and Merced. Through a
series of transactions structured and facilitated by Timothy Jones, who served as counsel
for the interested parties, Bratton entered into business ventures with Peter Castleman,
Castleman‟s affiliated business entities, and others to develop these properties.
Respondent Selma Crossings, LLC, was formed to acquire, hold and develop real
property previously owned by Bratton in Fresno County pursuant to the aforementioned
business ventures. Respondent Merced Gateway, LLC, similarly acquired interests in the
Merced County property. The role of respondent Central California Development Group,
LLC is not entirely clear from the record, though respondents indicate it had a managerial
function with regard to the projects in Merced County. All three entities became clients
of the Law Firm in 2007.
Disclosure letters and waivers were provided to, and signed by, Bratton and Peter
Castleman regarding potential conflicts of interest of Jones and the Law Firm in relation
to the real estate development projects. As compensation for the transactional work, as
well as his managerial role in several of the participating entities, the parties gave Jones a
percentage ownership interest in the subject properties and business ventures. In 2008,
Bratton reportedly sold its interest in the Merced County property and development
3.
project for $2,000,000 to one or more entities directly or indirectly owned by Castleman
and/or Jones and others.
Soon after his October 24, 2009 review of materials on the Law Firm‟s computer
system, Sagaser contacted attorney C. Russell Georgeson of the law firm Georgeson &
Belardinelli. Sagaser also communicated with James Bratton. On more than one
occasion, meetings were held between Mr. Georgeson, Mr. Bratton and Sagaser at
Mr. Georgeson‟s law office.
On March 25, 2010, attorney Georgeson filed a complaint on behalf of Bratton
against respondents, the Law Firm, Jones individually, and other defendants, which
asserted multiple claims related to the 2007 transactions and business ventures. The
lawsuit, Bratton v. Jones,3 was filed in Mariposa County and later transferred to Fresno
County. Among other allegations, Bratton claimed respondents, Jones, and others
conspired and succeeded in defrauding it of its ownership interests in the Merced County
property and development project, and induced Bratton to sell its stake for significantly
less than fair market value (i.e., for $2,000,000 rather than the alleged value of
$5,000,000). Bratton purportedly discovered the facts and circumstances surrounding
defendants‟ alleged misconduct in October 2009.
Sagaser served a written demand for arbitration on Jones and the Law Firm in
October 2010, which was later amended in August 2011. The demand alleged that
unbeknownst to Sagaser, Jones obtained a 20% ownership interest in the 2007 business
ventures between Bratton and respondents, which Jones later pledged as security for a
non-recourse loan to him and his wife in the amount of $9,000,000. According to
Sagaser, the 20% fee and all related proceeds should have gone to the Law Firm rather
than to Jones personally, meaning Sagaser would be entitled to millions of dollars
pursuant to his shareholder interest in the Law Firm at that time.
3 Bratton v. Jones, et al. (Super. Ct. Fresno County, 2010, No. 10CECG02212).
4.
Within weeks of serving his initial arbitration demand, Sagaser was subpoenaed to
testify in Bratton v. Jones. He was deposed on November 15, 2010 and December 16,
2010. Sagaser asserted the attorney/client privilege throughout the deposition in response
to questions regarding his communications with attorney C. Russell Georgeson and
James Bratton in October 2009 and following his resignation from the Law Firm.
Respondents filed the current lawsuit on September 7, 2011. The complaint sets
forth causes of action against Sagaser for breach of fiduciary duty, breach of the duty of
loyalty, conversion, and invasion of privacy. Respondents allege, in pertinent part, that
“Sagaser used confidential information of the Plaintiffs that Sagaser had obtained in
connection with his firm‟s representation of the Plaintiffs (1) to encourage Bratton to
bring a meritless action against Plaintiffs [i.e., Bratton v. Jones]; (2) to draft a complaint
for Bratton against the Plaintiffs; and (3) to represent, to advise and to assist Bratton in
his action against the Plaintiffs.”
Sagaser is accused of “systematically reviewing, downloading, and printing”
respondents‟ privileged and confidential file materials on multiple occasions without
proper authorization or any legitimate purpose. The documents and/or confidential
information were then provided to Bratton and attorney Georgeson without respondents‟
knowledge or consent. As a result, the pleadings in Bratton v. Jones allegedly contain
“information that only an insider and former attorney like Sagaser could have known.”
The complaint describes Sagaser‟s behavior in terms of ethical violations,
including breaches of the duties of loyalty and confidentiality owed to respondents as
former clients under the State Bar Rules of Professional Conduct. Sagaser allegedly
acquired pecuniary interests adverse to respondents by representing or otherwise assisting
their adversaries in Bratton v. Jones without respondents‟ consent. Respondents claim
Sagaser committed the alleged acts of disloyalty in bad faith to carry out a personal
vendetta against Jones and the Law Firm.
5.
Sagaser filed a special motion to strike the complaint, i.e., an anti-SLAPP motion,
pursuant to section 425.16. To invoke the statute, Sagaser argued that each cause of
action arose from constitutionally protected speech and petitioning activity, namely his
communications with attorney Georgeson and his deposition testimony in Bratton v.
Jones. Sagaser also submitted a Declaration in which he denied any wrongdoing in
connection with the Bratton v. Jones matter, and likewise denied transmitting
respondents‟ confidential documents and/or information to any third parties.
The moving papers and supporting evidence contend Sagaser consulted with
attorney Georgeson only to explore his personal rights and potential legal claims against
Jones and the Law Firm. He eventually “came to the realization that the true victim was
Mr. Bratton and the Bratton entities,” and therefore “deferred pursuing [his] claims
[because] the claims of Mr. Bratton were the primary claims and had priority.” Although
Sagaser continued to represent Bratton in other matters following his resignation from the
Law Firm, he denied serving as its legal counsel in Bratton v. Jones. Sagaser admitted he
reviewed a draft of the complaint in Bratton v. Jones at the request of Mr. Georgeson and
Mr. Bratton, but only to confirm the accuracy of factual allegations pled against Jones
and the Law Firm, not against the respondents.
Based on these arguments and attestations, Sagaser claimed the statutory burden
shifted to respondents to show probable success on the merits of the case. Respondents
opposed the motion, arguing that their causes of action did not arise from Sagaser‟s
protected speech or petitioning activity, but rather his alleged ethical violations and
breaches of fiduciary duties. Respondents relied upon several published cases in which
the claims of former clients against their attorneys did not arise from protected activity
within the meaning of section 425.16 even though the alleged misconduct occurred in the
context of litigation. Respondents argued that these precedents were controlling and thus
precluded Sagaser from carrying his threshold burden under the anti-SLAPP statute.
6.
The trial court denied the special motion to strike, agreeing with respondents that
their claims did not arise from protected speech or petitioning activities under section
425.16. The court found that any statutorily protected activity by Sagaser, e.g., his
litigation-related communications with attorney Georgeson, “was incidental to the alleged
unprotected conduct of assisting in representing Bratton and disclosing [respondents‟]
confidential and privileged information to Bratton and [Georgeson].” The order denying
the special motion to strike was issued on February 22, 2012. Sagaser‟s timely notice of
appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
Overview of the Anti-SLAPP Statute
The anti-SLAPP statute is designed to deter and quickly dispose of frivolous
litigation arising from a defendant‟s exercise of the right of petition or free speech under
the United States or California Constitution. (Flatley v. Mauro (2006) 39 Cal.4th 299,
311-312 (Flatley).) A defendant may respond to such claims by filing a special motion to
strike pursuant to section 425.16, subdivision (b), within 60 days of service of the
plaintiff‟s complaint. (§ 425.16, subd. (f).) This allows the trial court to evaluate the
lawsuit at an early stage in a manner akin to summary judgment. (Varian Medical
Systems, Inc. v. Delfino (2005) 35 Cal.4th 180, 192.) The granting of an anti-SLAPP
motion results in dismissal of the claims on the merits and entitles the defendant to
recover costs and attorney fees. (Ibid; § 425.16, subd. (c)(1).)
In ruling on a special motion to strike, the trial court follows a two-step analysis
that involves shifting burdens. (Smith v. Adventist Health System/West (2010) 190
Cal.App.4th 40, 50.) The moving defendant carries the initial burden to show the
challenged cause of action arises from protected free speech or petitioning activity.
(Coretronic Corp. v. Cozen O’Connor (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1381, 1387 (Coretronic).)
The burden is satisfied by demonstrating that the conduct underlying the plaintiff‟s claim
7.
fits into a category of protected activity set forth in section 425.16, subdivision (e).4
(Navellier v. Sletten (2002) 29 Cal.4th 82, 88 (Navellier).)
If the court finds the defendant‟s threshold showing has been made, the burden
shifts to the plaintiff to produce evidence establishing a probability of prevailing on the
cause of action. (Equilon Enterprises v. Consumer Cause, Inc. (2002) 29 Cal.4th 53, 67.)
To meet this burden, the plaintiff must plead and substantiate a legally cognizable claim
for relief. (Oasis West, supra, 51 Cal.4th at p. 820.) “Put another way, the plaintiff must
demonstrate that the complaint is both legally sufficient and supported by a sufficient
prima facie showing of facts to sustain a favorable judgment if the evidence submitted by
the plaintiff is credited.” (Ibid., internal quotation marks omitted.)
Only a “„minimum level of legal sufficiency and triability‟” is needed to satisfy
the second prong of the anti-SLAPP statute. (Grewal v. Jammu (2011) 191 Cal.App.4th
977, 989.) The evidence favorable to the plaintiff is accepted as true, while the
defendant‟s evidence is evaluated to determine if it defeats the plaintiff‟s claim as a
matter of law, e.g., on grounds of privilege or immunity. (Flatley, supra, 39 Cal.4th at
pp. 323, 326.) The motion will not be granted unless both prongs of the statute are
established; the plaintiff‟s cause of action must arise from protected speech or petitioning
and lack even a minimal degree of merit. (Navellier, supra, 29 Cal.4th at p. 89.)
4 The categories are “(1) any written or oral statement or writing made before a
legislative, executive, or judicial proceeding, or any other official proceeding authorized
by law, (2) any written or oral statement or writing made in connection with an issue
under consideration or review by a legislative, executive, or judicial body, or any other
official proceeding authorized by law, (3) any written or oral statement or writing made
in a place open to the public or a public forum in connection with an issue of public
interest, or (4) any other conduct in furtherance of the exercise of the constitutional right
of petition or the constitutional right of free speech in connection with a public issue or
an issue of public interest.” (§ 425.16, subd. (e).)
8.
Standard of Review
An order denying a special motion to strike under section 425.16 is immediately
appealable. (§§ 425.16, subd. (i), 904.1, subd. (a)(13).) Our review is de novo; we
engage in the same two-step process as the trial court to determine if the parties have
satisfied their respective burdens. (Flatley, supra, 39 Cal.4th at p. 325; Tuszynska v.
Cunningham (2011) 199 Cal.App.4th 257, 266-267 (Tuszynska).) If the defendant fails to
show that the lawsuit arises from protected activity, we affirm the trial court‟s ruling and
need not address the merits of the case under the second prong of the statute. (Tuszynska,
supra, 199 Cal.App.4th at p. 266.)
Respondents’ Causes of Action Do Not Arise From Protected Activity
The sole inquiry under the first prong of the anti-SLAPP statute is whether the
plaintiff‟s claims arise from protected speech or petitioning activity. (Coretronic, supra,
192 Cal.App.4th at p. 1389.) Our focus is on the principal thrust or gravamen of the
causes of action, i.e., the allegedly wrongful and injury-producing conduct that provides
the foundation for the claims. (City of Cotati v. Cashman (2002) 29 Cal.4th 69, 78
(Cotati); Hylton v. Frank E. Rogozienski, Inc. (2009) 177 Cal.App.4th 1264, 1272
(Hylton).) We review the parties‟ pleadings, declarations, and other supporting
documents at this stage of the analysis only “to determine what conduct is actually being
challenged, not to determine whether the conduct is actionable.” (Coretronic, supra, 192
Cal.App.4th at p. 1389.)
Section 425.16 is broadly construed to encompass a variety of pre-litigation and
litigation-related activities. (People ex rel. Fire Ins. Exchange v. Anapol (2012) 211
Cal.App.4th 809, 822-824 (Anapol).) This does not mean, however, that Sagaser can
carry his burden by highlighting the fact that he consulted a lawyer about matters
involving the respondents and testified in a related lawsuit. A growing body of case law
holds that actions based on an attorney‟s breach of professional and ethical duties owed
to a client are not SLAPP suits, even though protected litigation activity features
9.
prominently in the factual background. (See Chodos v. Cole (2012) 210 Cal.App.4th
692, 702-703 [collecting and discussing cases arising from attorney malpractice and
breach of fiduciary duties].)
In Benasra v. Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp LLP (2004) 123 Cal.App.4th 1179
(Benasra), the Second District held that section 425.16 did not apply to former clients‟
claims against the defendant law firm and its individual lawyers for breach of the duty of
loyalty. The plaintiffs alleged that defendants breached fiduciary duties owed to them by
accepting representation of a subsequent client whose interests were adverse to the
plaintiffs. Defendants filed an anti-SLAPP motion, arguing the lawsuit arose from
statements made by the attorneys during the course of the subsequent representation. (Id.
at p. 1186.)
As here, Benasra involved alleged violations of rule 3-310 of the State Bar Rules
of Professional Conduct. (Benasra, supra, 123 Cal.App.4th at p. 1187.) Rule 3-310
generally prohibits representation or employment that conflicts with the interests of a
client or former client, especially when the attorney has obtained confidential information
that is material to the engagement. (Rules Prof. Conduct, rule 3-310(C) & (E).) The
Second District found the gravamen of the action was not the defendants‟ exercise of the
right of petition or speech, but rather their conflict of interest in representing the former
clients‟ adversary. The court also noted that “a breach of [the] duty of loyalty based on
violation of [Rule 3-310] occurs whether or not confidences are actually revealed in the
adverse action.” (Benasra, supra, 123 Cal.App.4th at p. 1187.)
“The breach occurs not when the attorney steps into court to represent the new
client, but when he or she abandons the old client. Therefore, [defendants‟] argument
that section 425.16 applies to this tort must fail. In other words, once the attorney accepts
a representation in which confidences disclosed by a former client may benefit the new
client due to the relationship between the new matter and the old, he or she has breached
a duty of loyalty. The breach of fiduciary duty lawsuit may follow litigation pursued
10.
against the former client, but does not arise from it.” (Benasra, supra, 123 Cal.App.4th
at p. 1189.)
In Freeman v. Schack (2007) 154 Cal.App.4th 719 (Freeman), the Fourth District
refused to apply the anti-SLAPP statute to claims filed by two clients against their former
attorney for breach of contractual and fiduciary obligations. Plaintiffs alleged that the
attorney violated rule 3-310(C) and (E) of the Rules of Professional Conduct by
abandoning them to represent parties with adverse interests in the plaintiffs‟ pending
class action lawsuit and in a new competing class action case. (Id. at pp. 727-728.) The
defendant filed a special motion to strike pursuant to section 425.16, arguing the claims
necessarily arose from protected speech and petitioning activity in connection with
litigation as classified under subdivisions (e)(1), (2) and (4) of the statute. (Id. at pp. 725-
726.)
The Fourth District concluded that the attorney‟s litigation activity was collateral
to the core allegation that he breached a duty of loyalty owed to his former clients. On
the one hand, the defendant‟s attorney/client relationship with his subsequent clients was
a “major focus” of the claims in question. “However, the fact [that] plaintiffs‟ claims are
related to or associated with [defendant‟s] litigation activities is not enough. „Although a
party‟s litigation-related activities constitute “act[s] in furtherance of a person‟s right of
petition or free speech,” it does not follow that any claims associated with those activities
are subject to the anti-SLAPP statute.‟” (Freeman, supra, 154 Cal.App.4th at pp. 729-
730.) The gravamen of the complaint was the defendant‟s “undertaking to represent a
party with interests adverse to plaintiffs, in violation of the duty of loyalty he assertedly
owed them.” (Id. at p. 732.)
In U.S. Fire Ins. Co. v. Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton (2009) 171
Cal.App.4th 1617, the First District followed the reasoning of Benasra and Freeman in
holding that section 425.16 did not apply to a lawsuit involving a law firm‟s
representation of a party with interests adverse to a former client. (Id. at pp. 1626-1629.)
11.
The basis of the complaint was not the defendant‟s disclosure of its former client‟s
confidences, but the conflict of interest created by subsequent representation of an
adverse party in violation of Rule 3-310(E). (Id. at p. 1629.) Other cases have reached
similar conclusions where litigation is predicated upon an attorney‟s breach of fiduciary
duties. (See, e.g., Coretronic, supra, 192 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1392-1393 [client‟s lawsuit
challenging law firm‟s simultaneous representation of adversary in a separate proceeding
not based on protected litigation activity on behalf of the adversary, but on a breach of
the duty of loyalty owed to the plaintiff]; Hylton, supra, 177 Cal.App.4th at p. 1274
[plaintiff‟s claims centered around attorney/client communications, but the gravamen of
the action was the alleged violation of defendant‟s fiduciary obligations].)
This line of authority leads us to conclude that respondents‟ causes of action do
not arise from protected activity within the meaning of the anti-SLAPP statute. The
foundation of each claim is the allegation that Sagaser chose to align himself with
respondents‟ adversaries, in direct opposition to respondents‟ interests, thereby breaching
duties of loyalty and confidentiality owed to them by virtue of a prior attorney/client
relationship. Respondents‟ complaint specifically alleges that Sagaser violated the State
Bar Rules of Professional Conduct, including rule 3-310, which is the principal thrust of
their lawsuit.
The significance of the holdings in Benasra, Freeman, and similar cases is argued
by respondents throughout their opposition papers and briefing on appeal. Sagaser all but
ignores these authorities, save his contention that “[t]he cases Plaintiffs cited in their
opposition involve fact patterns where former attorneys actively represented adverse
parties against their former clients, a situation not present here.” As we read the record,
that is precisely what respondents have alleged in this lawsuit. The pleadings assert that
“Sagaser actively participated in the preparation of Bratton‟s Complaint and represented
and advised Bratton in the action against Sagaser‟s former clients.”
12.
We do not consider the veracity of respondents‟ allegations in determining
whether their claims arise from protected speech or petitioning activity. (Coretronic,
supra, 192 Cal.App.4th at p. 1388 [“Arguments about the merits of the claims are
irrelevant to the first step of the anti-SLAPP analysis.”].) Consequently, Sagaser‟s
factual denials and focus on affirmative defenses do not assist him in carrying his initial
burden. If Sagaser cannot make the threshold showing, it is immaterial that he may
otherwise be able to succeed on the merits under the second prong of the statute.
(Freeman, supra, 154 Cal.App.4th at p. 733.)
Sagaser‟s arguments regarding the timing of respondents‟ lawsuit and their
subjective motivations for filing it are also misguided. Motives are irrelevant under
section 425.16, and “a claim filed in response to, or in retaliation for, threatened or actual
litigation is not subject to the anti-SLAPP statute simply because it may be viewed as an
oppressive litigation tactic.” (Cotati, supra, 29 Cal.4th at p. 78.) “That a cause of action
arguably may have been triggered by protected activity does not entail that it is one
arising from such.” (Ibid.) We thus have no reason to address the contention that
respondents filed their complaint “to punish Sagaser for his participation in the Bratton v.
Jones suit as a witness and for his meetings with Georgeson in contemplation of filing his
own claims.”
Sagaser‟s communications with attorney Georgeson and testimony in the Bratton
v. Jones matter may have been the impetus for this lawsuit, but those activities are
collateral to the principal thrust of respondents‟ causes of action. The behavior is more
appropriately characterized as evidence of Sagaser‟s alleged breach of fiduciary duties or
evidence in support of an affirmative defense. (See Benasra, supra, 123 Cal.App.4th at
p. 1189 [“Evidence that confidential information was actually used against the former
client in litigation would help support damages, but is not the basis for the claim.”]
Although protected speech and petitioning are part of the “evidentiary landscape” within
which the action arose, the claims are ultimately based on the allegation that Sagaser
13.
engaged in conduct inconsistent with the fiduciary obligations he owed to the
respondents. (Hylton, supra, 177 Cal.App.4th at p. 1272.)
Relying on Fox Searchlight Pictures, Inc. v. Paladino (2001) 89 Cal.App.4th 294
(Fox Searchlight Pictures) Sagaser argues that even if he disclosed confidential
information about the respondents to attorney Georgeson, such conduct falls within the
scope of protected activity under section 425.16.5 As we have stated, Sagaser‟s protected
litigation activities are not the gravamen of respondents‟ causes of action. Furthermore,
the trial court cogently distinguished Fox Searchlight Pictures in its order denying the
special motion to strike:
“In Fox Searchlight, the defendant was an employee who disclosed
confidential information about her former employer, who was also her
client, with regards to an intended wrongful termination suit. Defendant
Sagaser‟s client, whose confidences he allegedly disclosed, was not his
employer. Defendant was not disclosing confidences of the person or
persons against whom he was contemplating asserting claims…. The
„specific‟ and limited issue on appeal in Fox Searchlight was: „may an
attorney suing her former employer for wrongful termination disclose to
her own lawyers employer-client confidences obtained during the course
of her employment insofar as they are relevant to the wrongful
termination action?” [Fox Searchlight Pictures, Inc., supra, 89
5 Sagaser also submitted a copy of the opinion in Greka Integrated, Inc. v. Lowrey
(2005) 133 Cal.App.4th 1572 (Greka) as supplemental authority regarding the disclosure
of confidential information in the context of an anti-SLAPP action. The case does not
support Sagaser‟s position on appeal. Greka involved an employer‟s claims for breach of
contract and conversion against a former employee who had signed, and allegedly
violated, a written nondisclosure agreement. (Id. at pp. 1575-1576.) The conduct at issue
in Greka is markedly different from an attorney‟s breach of fiduciary obligations owed to
a former client.
14.
Cal.App.4th at p. 310.] There is nothing in Fox Searchlight to suggest that
an attorney can disclose privileged information of his former clients to
parties in direct conflict with the former clients and to the rivals‟ attorney.”
[Emphasis in original]
Finally, we reject the argument that the trial court “failed to presume that
Sagaser‟s conduct was protected, and instead (improperly) shifted the burden to Sagaser.”
Quoting from Chavez v. Mendoza (2001) 94 Cal.App.4th 1083 (Chavez), Sagaser
contends “a court must generally presume the validity of the claimed constitutional right
in the first step of the anti-SLAPP analysis, and then permit the parties to address the
issue in the second step of the analysis.” (Id. at p. 1089.) The quote is accurate, but
Sagaser distorts the holding of the case.
The Chavez opinion clearly states that “the defendant has the initial burden to
make a prima facie showing that the plaintiff‟s claims are subject to section 425.16.”
(Chavez, supra, 94 Cal.App.4th at p. 1087.) Chavez involved a malicious prosecution
action arising from the defendant‟s filing of a prior lawsuit against the plaintiffs. In
opposing the defendant‟s anti-SLAPP motion, plaintiffs argued that malicious
prosecution claims should never be subject to section 425.16 because litigants do not
have a constitutionally protected right to file a complaint without probable cause or
factual support. (Id. at pp. 1088-1089.) The appellate court rejected the argument,
holding that if a claim arises from facially constitutional petitioning activity (e.g., the
filing of a lawsuit), the validity or legality of the defendant‟s conduct should only be
assessed under the second prong of the statute. (Id. at p. 1089.)
Although Sagaser characterizes the claims differently, respondents‟ causes of
action arise from an alleged breach of professional and ethical duties. Under Benasra,
Freeman, and their progeny, an attorney‟s breach of fiduciary duties owed to a current or
former client does not constitute protected speech or petitioning within the meaning of
section 425.16. Like the appellant in Hylton, supra, Sagaser does not attempt to
15.
distinguish these cases and fails to articulate any reason for us to depart from their
analysis. (Hylton, supra, 177 Cal.App.4th at p. 1274.)
The trial court was correct in determining that Sagaser did not satisfy his burden as
the moving party under the first prong of the anti-SLAPP statute. Accordingly, we do not
extend our analysis to the merits of the case.6 (Tuszynska, supra, 199 Cal.App.4th at p.
266.) Sagaser will have the opportunity to establish any defenses he may have to
respondents‟ claims, but a special motion to strike under section 425.16 was not the
proper procedural device for presenting those defenses.
DISPOSITION
The order is affirmed. Respondents‟ Request for Judicial Notice and Motion to
Admit New Evidence filed on April 5, 2013 is denied.
_____________________
Gomes, J.
WE CONCUR:
_____________________
Levy, Acting P.J.
_____________________
Detjen, J.
6For this reason, we deny as moot Respondents‟ Request for Judicial Notice and
Motion to Admit New Evidence filed on April 5, 2013.
16.
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
PETER M. CASTLEMAN, et al.,
F064590
Plaintiffs and Respondents,
(Super. Ct. No. 11CECG03132)
v.
HOWARD A. SAGASER, ORDER MODIFYING OPINION
AND GRANTING REQUEST
Defendant and Appellant. FOR PUBLICATION
THE COURT:
It is ordered that the opinion herein filed on April 15, 2013, be modified by
striking the second sentence of the third full paragraph on page 3 (starting with “As
compensation for …” and ending with “… business ventures.”) and inserting the
following sentence in its place:
The parties allegedly gave Jones a percentage ownership interest in
the subject properties and business ventures as compensation for his
services, including his managerial role in several of the participating
entities.
This modification does not effect a change in the judgment.
As the nonpublished opinion in the above entitled matter meets the standards for
publication specified in the California Rules of Court, rule 8.1105(c), it is hereby ordered
that the opinion be certified for publication in the Official Reports.
_____________________
Gomes, J.
I CONCUR:
_____________________
Levy, Acting P.J.