McClafferty v. Portage County Board of Commissioners

PEARSON, J.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO

EASTERN DIVISION

BRETT M. McCLAFFERTY, )

) CASE NO. 5:19CV2219

Plaintiff, )

)

v. ) JUDGE BENITA Y. PEARSON

)

PORTAGE COUNTY BOARD )

OF COMMISSIONERS, et al., ) MEMORANDUM OF OPINION

) AND ORDER

Defendants. ) [Resolving ECF No. 9]

Pending is Defendant Correct Care Solutions, LLC’s (“CCS”) Motion to Dismiss (ECF

No. 9) pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). The Court has been advised, having reviewed the

record, the parties’ briefs, and the applicable law. For the reasons that follow, the Court grants

the motion.

I. Background

In September 2019, Pro Se Plaintiff Brett M. McClafferty filed an 11-count Complaint

(ECF No. 1) against the Portage County Board of Commissioners, David W. Doak, Dale Kelly,

Daniel Burns, Bryan Morgenstern, William Burns, Cory Germani, Michael Burda, and Amy

Beans (“Portage County Defendants”), Coleman Professional Services, Inc., Brian Welsh, M.D.,

and CCS. Plaintiff is a state prisoner presently incarcerated at Lake Erie Correctional Institution.

His allegations against CCS in the case at bar arise from its involvement in the care and

treatment of Plaintiff during his two detentions at the Portage County Jail (the “Jail”) while

awaiting trial on various financial crimes. ECF No. | at PageID #: 7, 10.

(5:19CV2219)

CCS is a contract provider of medical services at the Jail. ECF No. | at PageID #: 9, §

22. Upon his arrival at the Jail on September 25, 2017, Plaintiff alleges that nurses contracted

through CCS were informed that he suffered from “severe onset anxiety disorder,” and that he

was prescribed Alprazolam (Xanax) and Celexa by his primary care physician. ECF No. 1 at

PagelD #: 7, 7.10; PageID #: 11,931. Plaintiff asserts that Dr. Welsh, a psychiatrist and director

of Coleman Professional Services (not affiliated with CCS), discontinued these prescriptions

because they allegedly violated the “narcotic free jail policy.” ECF No. | at PageID #: 11, 733.

Plaintiff alleges that his blood pressure became unstable, causing him to be transported to a local

hospital where he was given Alprazolam. ECF No. | at PageID #: 12, 37. Upon his return to

the Jail, Dr. Welsh prescribed a one-week “ween (sic) order” when Plaintiff would be weaned off

the Alprazolam. ECF No. | at PageID #: 12, 438.

Plaintiff alleges he complained about Dr. Welsh’s wean order to his attorney, who

successfully obtained an order from the Portage County, Ohio Court of Common Pleas that

Plaintiff be given access to his medication. ECF No. | at PageID #: 12-13, 9] 39-42. Plaintiff

asserts Dr. Welsh refused to follow the court order, leading to a second order requiring □□□□□□□□□□□

care at the Jail to be coordinated between Dr. Welsh and Plaintiff's primary care physician. ECF

No. 1 at PageID #: 13-14, 943-44. Plaintiff does not allege that any CCS nurse was involved in

the medical decisions regarding providing or withholding any of his medications.

Plaintiff alleges that instead of complying with these orders, Dr. Welsh started him on a

regimen of Seroquel, Remeron, and Clonidine. ECF No. | at PageID #: 14-15, 9] 48-49.

Plaintiff allegedly refused to take these medications. ECF No. | at PageID #: 15-16, 955.

(5:19CV2219)

Plaintiff asserts that, as a response to his refusal to take the medication, he was extracted from his

cell and subjected to punishment by Officers Burns and Morgenstern, causing Plaintiff physical

injury to his hand and arm. ECF No. | at PageID #: 16-18, 9§[ 56-66. Plaintiff does not allege

that any CCS nurse played a role in these events.

Plaintiff alleges that, rather than pursue a grievance against the correction officers, he

wrote a letter to Sheriff Doak, which then led to a meeting with Comdr. Symsek regarding an

investigation that would be conducted into the alleged incident. ECF No. | at PageID #: 18-19,

{§.69-70. Over the next few months, Plaintiff asserts that he was harassed by Officer Germani in

retaliation for his complaint against Officer Burns. ECF No. 1 at PageID #: 20, 9] 73-75. In

March 2018, Plaintiff alleges he was assaulted by Officer Burns a second time. ECF No. | at

PagelD #: 21-22, 78. Plaintiff declined to make a formal statement against Officer Burns. ECF

No. | at PageID #: 22, 980. Thereafter, he asserts Det. Springer, who was charged with

investigating Plaintiffs complaints, told him that Springer was having a “hard time” gathering

facts related to the incident because he was being “stonewalled” by Officer Burns and jail staff.

ECF No. | at PageID #: 23, 982. Plaintiff alleges that several defendants, including CCS,

engaged in a “cover up” of the excessive force used against him, which violated his due process

rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. ECF No. | at PageID #: 33-34, 99 128-31. On April

18, 2018, Plaintiff was transported to Lorain Correctional Institution to begin serving his

sentence. ECF No. | at PageID #: 23-24, 7 85.

Plaintiff alleges that he was returned to the Jail on or about May 22, 2019. ECF No. | at

PageID #: 25,991. He asserts Dr. Welsh refused to treat him during this period of detention,

(5:19CV2219)

which lasted approximately one week. ECF No. | at PagelD #: 25-26, [9 93-95. He does not

allege that CCS or any of its nurses played a role in this alleged decision to deny treatment.

Plaintiff asserts three claims that name CCS: (1) a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 related

to the alleged “cover up” by Sheriff's Office employees and contractors (Count V); (2) a claim

under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (“EMTALA”), 42 U.S.C. §

1395dd for the alleged refusal to provide him emergency medical care (Count IX); and, (3) a

state law claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress (“ITED”) (Count X).

II. Standard of Review

In deciding a motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), the Court must take

all well-pleaded allegations in the complaint as true and construe those allegations in a light most

favorable to the plaintiff. Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (citations omitted). A

cause of action fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted when it lacks “plausibility

in th[e] complaint.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 564 (2007). A pleading must

contain a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.”

Ashcroft v. Igbal_, 556 U.S. 662, 677-78 (2009) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2)). Plaintiff is not

required to include detailed factual allegations, but must provide more than “an unadorned,

the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” /d. at 678. A pleading that offers “labels and

conclusions” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.”

Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555. Nor does a complaint suffice if it tenders “naked assertion[s]” devoid

of “further factual enhancement.” Jd. at 557. It must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted

as true, to “state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Jd. at 570. “A claim has facial

(5:19CV2219)

plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable

inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” /gbal, 556 U.S. at 678. The

plausibility standard is not akin to a “probability requirement,” but it asks for more than a sheer

possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully. Zwombly, 550 U.S. at 556. When a complaint

pleads facts that are “merely consistent with” a defendant’s liability, it “stops short of the line

between possibility and plausibility of ‘entitlement to relief.’” /d. at 557 (brackets omitted).

“[W |here the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of

misconduct, the complaint has alleged — but it has not ‘show[n]’ — ‘that the pleader is entitled to

relief.’” Jgbal, 556 U.S. at 679 (quoting Rule 8(a)(2)). The Court “need not accept as true a

legal conclusion couched as a factual allegation or an unwarranted factual inference.”

Handy-Clay v. City of Memphis, Tenn., 695 F.3d 531, 539 (6th Cir. 2012) (citations and internal

quotation marks omitted). Pleadings filed by pro se litigants are liberally construed. Urbina v.

Thoms, 270 F.3d 292, 295 (6th Cir. 2001). This lenient treatment, however, has limits, as “courts

should not have to guess at the nature of the claim asserted.” Wells, 891 F.2d at 594.

Il. Analysis

A. Constitutional Claim Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Count V)

In order to state a plausible claim for relief under § 1983, a complaint must allege “(1)

that there was the deprivation of a right secured by the Constitution and (2) that the deprivation

was caused by a person acting under color of state law.” Wittstock v. Mark A. Van Sile, Inc., 330

F.3d 899, 902 (6th Cir. 2003).

(5:19CV2219)

A private company, like CCS, that contracts with a county to perform a traditional state

function like providing healthcare to inmates can “be sued under § 1983 as one acting ‘under

color of state law.’ ” Hicks v. Frey, 992 F.2d 1450, 1458 (6th Cir. 1993) (quoting West v. Atkins,

487 U.S. 42, 54 (1988)). Plaintiff's § 1983 claim against CCS (Count V), however, is

insufficient as he fails to allege the deprivation by CCS of a federal right.

Plaintiff does not specifically identify in the Complaint (ECF No. 1) any particular liberty

or property interest he believes was violated. Instead, Plaintiff alleges in conclusory fashion that

several Defendants engaged “in covering up the use of excessive force” by correction officers at

the Jail. ECF No. 1 at PageID #: 33, 4.129.’ Stated differently, Plaintiff is alleging that

Defendants should have investigated his accusations and taken action against the correction

officers for their alleged use of excessive force.

“There is no statutory or common law right, much less a constitutional right, to an

investigation.” Mitchell v. McNeil, 487 F.3d 374, 378 (6th Cir. 2007); see also Seigel □□ City of

Gernantown, 25 Fed.Appx. 249, 250 (6th Cir. 2001) (“[A] finding of incompetent or negligent

investigation . . . is insufficient to establish a constitutional violation.”). The undersigned has, in

a prior ruling, determined that, “Plaintiff has no constitutional right to investigation and

prosecution.” Weaver v. Moamis, No. 4:14CV0311, 2014 WL 4425742, at *3 (N.D. Ohio Sept.

8, 2014) (Pearson, J.) (citing Miller v. Dowagiac Police Dept., No. 96-2141, 1997 WL 640127, at

*3 (6th Cir. Oct. 14, 1997), and Pusey v. Youngstown, 11 F.3d 652, 656 (6th Cir. 1993)).

' “Conclusory allegations or legal conclusions masquerading as factual

allegations will not suffice [to state a plausible claim for relief].” Bishop v. Lucent

Techs., Inc., 520 F.3d 516, 519 (6th Cir. 2008) (citation omitted).

(5:19CV2219)

Plaintiff cannot state a plausible § 1983 claim based on a “mere failure to act” or the “mere right

to control employees;” instead Plaintiff must allege “active unconstitutional behavior” by CCS in

order to prevail. Rodriguez v. City of Cleveland, 439 Fed.Appx. 433, 457-58 (6th Cir. 2011)

(citations omitted). However, Plaintiff fails to allege any facts that could establish an active

constitutional violation by CCS related to a failure to investigate the alleged use of force.

Assuming arguendo that Plaintiff had a right to an investigation, he fails to allege any

facts referring to CCS’s involvement “in covering up the use of excessive force” by correction

officers at the Jail. Plaintiff does not allege that CCS has any supervisory authority over the

correction officers or that it had any duty to conduct or participate in an investigation into

allegations of excessive force. “Plaintiff must state a plausible constitutional violation against

each individual defendant — the collective acts of defendants cannot be ascribed to each

individual defendant.” Reilly v. Vadlamudi, 680 F.3d 617, 626 (6th Cir. 2012) (citations omitted).

Plaintiff has failed to plead facts to support the conclusion that CCS violated his constitutional

rights. This failing requires dismissal.

Finally, the doctrine of respondeat superior does not apply in § 1983 lawsuits to impute

liability to supervisory personnel. See Wingo v. Tenn. Dep’t of Corr., 499 Fed. Appx. 453, 455

(6th Cir. 2012) (per curiam) (citing Polk Cty. v. Dodson, 454 U.S. 312, 325 (1981)). “In order to

find supervisory personnel liable, a plaintiff must allege that the supervisors were somehow

personally involved in the unconstitutional activity of a subordinate, or at least acquiesced in the

alleged unconstitutional activity of a subordinate.” /d. (citation omitted). Section 1983 liability

must also be based upon active unconstitutional behavior, not upon a mere failure to act. Bass v.

(5:19CV2219)

Robinson, 167 F.3d 1041, 1048 (6th Cir. 1999) (citing Leach v. Shelby Cty. Sheriff, 891 F.2d

1241, 1246 (6th Cir. 1989)). Accordingly, Plaintiff fails to state a plausible § 1983 claim against

CCS upon which relief may be granted, and this claim is dismissed.

B. Claim Under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

(“EMTALA”) (Count IX)

CCS is not subject to liability under EMTALA. Plaintiff argues that the Jail should be

treated as a “bonafide (sic) hospital” and that its medical unit is the equivalent of an emergency

room. ECF No. 12 at PageID #: 183. To do, however, would be contrary to Congress’s intent

and the plain language of EMTALA.

“When a patient arrives at a ‘hospital that has a hospital emergency department,’

EMTALA imposes three requirements upon the hospital: (1) the hospital must provide for an

appropriate medical screening examination; (2) the hospital must provide necessary stabilizing

treatment for emergency medical conditions; and (3) the hospital may not transfer a patient who

is not stabilized (except in certain defined circumstances).’ ” Romine v. St. Joseph Health Sys.,

541 Fed.Appx. 614, 618 (6th Cir. 2013) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 1395dd).

This is not a case about “patient dumping” in which an EMTALA-defined “participating

hospital” refuses to treat sick patients or improperly transfers them without stabilization. Instead,

Plaintiff alleges that he was not provided with the medication or medical treatment of his choice

by the jail medical staff. See, e.g., ECF No. | at PageID #: 11-16, 933-55; PageID #: 25-26, 9§

91-95. This situation does not fall under the ambit of EMTALA which “requires hospitals to

provide medical screening and stabilizing treatment to individuals seeking emergency care in a

nondiscriminatory manner.” Torretti v. Main Line Hospitals, Inc., 580 F.3d 168, 173 (3rd Cir.

(5:19CV2219)

2009) (footnote omitted). It does not provide a cause of action to a jail inmate who disagrees

with the treatment regimen prescribed by the jail medical staff. If Congress had intended for

EMTALA to be applicable to jails and their in-house medical providers, it would have stated as

much.

Finally, Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.113(A), the statute of limitations, requires a plaintiff

alleging medical malpractice to file the claim within one year or provide a letter to the defendant

that such a suit will commence within 180 days. To the extent Count IX of the Complaint (ECF

No. 1) may be construed as alleging a state law medical malpractice claim against CCS, that

claim also cannot survive. Any such claim would be time-barred because it was not brought until

more than one year after the end of Plaintiff's first term of incarceration at the Jail. See ECF No.

1 at PageID #: 7, 4.10; PageID #: 10, (30; PageID #: 23-24, 785.

Accordingly, Plaintiff fails to state a plausible EMTALA or medical malpractice claim

against CCS upon which relief may be granted, and Count IX against CCS is dismissed.

C. Claim for Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (“ITED”) (Count X)

To establish a claim for IED under Ohio law, a plaintiff must prove facts showing: (1)

the defendant either intended to cause emotional distress or knew or should have known that

actions taken would result in serious emotional distress to the plaintiff; (2) the defendant’s

conduct was extreme and outrageous; (3) the defendant’s actions were the proximate cause of the

plaintiff's psychic injury; and (4) the mental anguish suffered by the plaintiff was serious. Miller

v. Currie, 50 F.3d 373, 377 (6th Cir. 1995) (citing Hanly v. Riverside Methodist Hosp., 78 Ohio

App.3d 73, 82 (1991)). Plaintiff has failed to plead facts that could establish a plausible claim

(5:19CV2219)

for intentional infliction of emotional distress under Ohio common law. He does not allege how

CCS or any of its employees or agents engaged in “extreme or outrageous” conduct which caused

a “severe and debilitating” injury. See Paugh v. Hanks, 6 Ohio St.3d 72, 78 (1983).

Accordingly, Plaintiff fails to state an IIED claim against CCS upon which relief may be granted,

and this claim is dismissed.

IV. Conclusion

Defendant Correct Care Solutions, LLC’s (“CCS”) Motion to Dismiss (ECF No. 9) is

granted.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

September 29, 2020 /s/ Benita Y. Pearson

Date Benita Y. Pearson

United States District Judge

10