The opinion
USDC SDNY
DOCUMENT
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT ELECTRONICALLY FILED
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK DOC #:
Sonnac nnn ence nnnnns IK DATE FILED:_09/20/2021
: 20-cv-5735 (LJL)
IN RE BYSTOLIC ANTITRUST LITIGATION :
: OPINION & ORDER
wn ee KX
LEWIS J. LIMAN, United States District Judge:
Direct Purchaser Class Plaintiffs (“Direct Purchaser Plaintiffs”) move for an order
permitting alternative service on Torrent Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (“Torrent”) via email to its Vice
President (Legal) & Company Secretary Mahesh Agrawal at
maheshagrawal@torrentpharma.com. Dkt. No. 296. End-Payor Plaintiffs (together with Direct
Purchaser Class Plaintiffs, “Plaintiffs”) join this motion. Dkt. No. 299. For the following
reasons, the motion for alternative service on Torrent is granted.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs allege that Defendants, including Torrent, participated in antitrust conspiracies
to delay entry of generic versions of the brand drug Bystolic. Torrent is an Indian company.
On October 9, 2020, Direct Purchaser Plaintiffs attempted service on Torrent through the
Indian Central Authority in accordance with the Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of
Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters (the “Hague Convention”)
by sending a copy of the summons, complaint, and related documents to the Indian Ministry of
Law and Justice. Having not received confirmation from the Indian Central Authority that
service had been attempted, Direct Purchaser Plaintiffs followed up with contacts at the Indian
Central Authority on February 8, 2021 and again on April 20, 2021. They filed this motion for
alternative service on Torrent on September 3, 2021. As of that date, they had neither received a
response from the Indian Central Authority nor been able to ascertain the status of service on
Torrent.
Similarly, on January 27, 2021, End-Payor Plaintiffs via their process server sent to the
Indian Central Authority a Request for Service Abroad of Judicial or Extrajudicial Documents
along with copies of the summons and complaint. On February 3, 2021, the package was signed
for and delivered to the Indian Central Authority. On September 13, 2021, End-Payor Plaintiffs
joined Direct Purchaser Plaintiffs’ motion for alternative service. As of that date, neither End-
Payor Plaintiffs nor their process server had received any response from the Indian Central
Authority.
DISCUSSION
“In determining whether to issue an order permitting alternative service under Fed. R.
Civ. P. 4(f)(3), the Court engages in a three-part analysis to determine whether: (1) the proposed
alternative method of service is prohibited by ‘federal law,’ Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(f), (2) the proposed
method of service is ‘prohibited by international agreement,’ Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(f)(3), and (3)
assuming that the first two criteria are satisfied, whether the Court, in the exercise of its
discretion, should permit alternative service. Finally, the Court considers whether the proposed
method of service is sufficient to satisfy constitutional due process under Mullane v. Cent.
Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306 (1950).” Convergen Energy LLC v. Brooks, 2020 WL
4038353, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. July 17, 2020) (citations omitted). The decision to allow alternative
service “is committed to the sound discretion of the district court.” Id. at *4 (quoting Peifa Xu v.
Gridsum Holding Inc., 2020 WL 1508748, at *14 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 30, 2020)). Though a party
need not exhaust efforts to effect service under Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(f)(1) (service “by any
internationally agreed means of service that is reasonably calculated to give notice”) or 4(f)(2)
(“if there is no internationally agreed upon means, or if an international agreement allows but
does not specify other means, by a method that is reasonably calculated to give notice”) before
seeking alternative service, the moving party must make “(1) a showing that the plaintiff has
reasonably attempted to effectuate service on the defendant, and (2) a showing that the
circumstances are such that the court’s intervention is necessary.” Convergen, 2020 WL 403853,
at *4 (quoting Baliga ex rel. Link Motion Inc. v. Link Motion Inc., 385 F. Supp. 3d 212, 220
(S.D.N.Y. 2019)).
Plaintiffs have shown that they have reasonably attempted to effectuate service on
Torrent and that the circumstances require the Court’s intervention. Both Direct Purchaser
Plaintiffs and End-Payor Plaintiffs have attempted service through the Indian Central Authority;
neither has received a response from the Indian Central Authority regarding the status of service
on Torrent. Over eleven months have passed since Direct Purchaser Plaintiffs have attempted
service, and over seven months have passed since End-Payor Plaintiffs have attempted service.
See F.T.C. v. PCCare247 Inc., 2013 WL 841037, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 7, 2013) (“This litigation
must move forward, and it is not tolerable to wait five months (or more) for every motion in this
case to be served by the Central Authority.”). Plaintiffs thus have established that an order of
service under Rule 4(f)(3) is appropriate and “must demonstrate that the proffered alternatives
are not prohibited by international agreement and that they comport with constitutional notions
of due process.”1 Convergen, 2020 WL 4038353, at *5.
1 It is undisputed that the proposed methods of alternative service are not prohibited by federal
law.
The proposed means of service by email are not prohibited by international agreement.
India is a signatory to the Hague Convention.2 India, however, opposes the methods of service
provided in Article 10, which permits alternative service by postal channels and judicial
officers.3 “Where a signatory nation has objected to only those means of service listed in Article
[10], a court acting under Rule 4(f)(3) remains free to order alternative means of service that are
not specifically referenced in Article [10].” Gurung v. Malhotra, 279 F.R.D. 215, 219 (S.D.N.Y.
2011). Since Plaintiffs propose service by email, which is not specifically referenced in Article
10 or otherwise objected to by India, service by email is not prohibited by international
agreement. See Pearson Educ. Inc. v. Doe 1, 2019 WL 6498305, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 2, 2019)
(“Courts have repeatedly authorized service by email to defendants in countries, including India,
that have objected to Article 10, finding that email is not included within the scope of Article
10.” (collecting cases)).
On the facts here, service by email also comports with constitutional notions of due
process. “Service by email alone comports with due process where a plaintiff demonstrates that
the email is likely to reach the defendant.” F.T.C. v. Pecon Software Ltd., 2013 WL 4016272
(S.D.N.Y. Aug. 7, 2013). “Email service has also repeatedly been found by courts to meet the
requirements of due process.” Pearson Educ. Inc., 2019 WL 6498305, at *3 (citing Elsevier,
Inc. v. Siew Yee Chew, 287 F. Supp. 3d 374, 379 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) (collecting cases)). Plaintiffs
2 See Status Table, 14: Convention of 15 November 1965 on the Service Abroad of Judicial and
Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters,
https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 (last visited Sept. 20,
2021).
3 See Declaration/Reservation/Notification,
https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-
table/notifications/?csid=984&disp=resdn (last visited Sept. 20, 2021); Convention Done at the
Hague Nov. 15, 1965, T.I.A.S. No. 6638 (Feb. 10, 1969).
propose serving Torrent via email to its Vice President (Legal) & Company Secretary Mahesh
Agrawal at maheshagrawal(@torrentpharma.com. Plaintiffs have shown that Agrawal uses this
email address in furtherance of Torrent business. For instance, Torrent’s most recent annual
report identifies Agrawal as its Vice President (Legal) & Company Secretary and its compliance
officer and discloses this email address. In addition, in another matter involving Torrent, Torrent
listed some of Agrawal’s email communications on a privilege log, establishing that he conducts
business via this email. See Dkt. No. 297, Litvin Decl., Ex. 4, Exhibit H. Accordingly, the Court
finds that Plaintiffs have demonstrated that service via email is likely to reach Torrent and
provide notice thereby comporting with due process.
For these reasons, the Court finds that Plaintiffs have satisfied the criteria for an order
permitting alternative service under Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(f)(3).
CONCLUSION
The motion for alternative service on Torrent is GRANTED. The Court hereby orders
that Plaintiffs may serve Torrent via email to its Vice President (Legal) & Company Secretary,
Mahesh Agrawal at maheshagrawal@torrentpharma.com.
The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to close Dkt. No. 296.
SO ORDERED.
Dated: September 20, 2021
New York, New York LEWIS J. LIMAN
United States District Judge