Woods v. Chadwick

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

_____________________________________________

JOSEPH WOODS,

Plaintiff,

9:21-CV-0662

v. (GTS/ATB)

MR. CHADWICK, I.LC., Staff Advisor, Washington

Corr. Fac.; and MR. TERRIO, Special Events;

Washington Corr. Fac.,

Defendants.

_____________________________________________

APPEARANCES: OF COUNSEL:

JOSEPH WOODS

Plaintiff, Pro Se

54 Lark Drive

Albany, New York 12210

HON. LETITIA A. JAMES RACHEL OUIMET, ESQ.

Attorney General for the State of New York Assistant U.S. Attorney

Counsel for Defendants

The Capitol

Albany, New York 12224

GLENN T. SUDDABY, United States District Judge

DECISION and ORDER

Currently before the Court, in this pro se prisoner civil rights action filed by Joseph

Woods (“Plaintiff”) against the two above-captioned employees of the New York State

Department of Corrections and Community Supervision (“Defendants”) pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §

1983, are (1) United States Magistrate Judge Andrew T. Baxter’s Report-Recommendation

recommending that Defendants’ motion for summary judgment be granted and that Plaintiff’s

Complaint be dismissed, and (2) Plaintiff’s Objections to the Report-Recommendation. (Dkt.

Nos. 30, 32.) For the reasons set forth below, the Report-Recommendation is accepted and

adopted in its entirety.

I. RELEVANT BACKGROUND

A. Magistrate Judge Baxter’s Report-Recommendation

Generally in his Report-Recommendation, Magistrate Judge Baxter rendered the

following two findings of fact and conclusions of law: (1) as a threshold matter, Plaintiff’s First

Amendment retaliation claim should be dismissed on the merits, because (a) the activity at which

the misbehavior report was directed was not the proposed agenda that Plaintiff had submitted to

Defendant Chadwick for approval or the facility issues that he had voiced in an ILC-related

meeting but the revised agenda that he had circulated to the facility administration without prior

approval of the staff advisor, which is not protected activity, and (b) in any event, no admissible

record evidence exists from which a rational fact-finder could conclude the misbehavior report

was issued based on Plaintiff’s engaging in protected activity (as opposed to his violating a

facility policy prohibiting him from submitting a proposed agenda directly to the administration

without pre-approval); and (2) even setting aside the above-described ground for dismissal,

Defendants are protected from liability as a matter of law with regard to Plaintiff’s First

Amendment retaliation claim based on the doctrine of qualified immunity, because a reasonable

fact-finder would necessarily conclude that it was objectively reasonable for Defendants to

believe that they were not violating Plaintiff’s First Amendment rights by enforcing the facility

policy relating to ILC agendas. (Dkt. No. 30, at Parts III-IV.)

B. Plaintiff’s Objections to the Report-Recommendation

Generally, in his Objection, Plaintiff asserts four specific arguments for why his First

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Amendment retaliation claim should not be dismissed: (1) Defendant Chadwick has not

substantiated his assertion that Plaintiff had submitted unapproved agendas to the administration

more than once; (2) Defendant Chadwick’s declaration reveals that the administration was not

holding monthly meetings to address prison-population problems as required, which precludes

Plaintiff from being punished for submitted unapproved agendas; (3) the record lacks evidence

that Plaintiff ever violated a direct order, or had been issued multiple direct orders; and (4) the

ILC Policy relied on by Defendants (requiring pre-approval of agendas) does not apply to

Plaintiff, because it predates his arrival at the facility, does not name him, and does not contain

his signature. (Dkt. No. 32.)

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

When a specific objection is made to a portion of a magistrate judge's report-

recommendation, the Court subjects that portion of the report-recommendation to a de novo

review. Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(2); 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C). To be “specific,” the objection must,

with particularity, “identify [1] the portions of the proposed findings, recommendations, or report

to which it has an objection and [2] the basis for the objection.” N.D.N.Y. L.R. 72.1(c).1 When

performing such a de novo review, “[t]he judge may . . . receive further evidence. . . .” 28 U.S.C.

§ 636(b)(1). However, a district court will ordinarily refuse to consider evidentiary material that

1 See also Mario v. P&C Food Markets, Inc., 313 F.3d 758, 766 (2d Cir. 2002)

(“Although Mario filed objections to the magistrate's report and recommendation, the statement

with respect to his Title VII claim was not specific enough to preserve this claim for review. The

only reference made to the Title VII claim was one sentence on the last page of his objections,

where he stated that it was error to deny his motion on the Title VII claim ‘[f]or the reasons set

forth in Plaintiff's Memorandum of Law in Support of Motion for Partial Summary Judgment.’

This bare statement, devoid of any reference to specific findings or recommendations to which he

objected and why, and unsupported by legal authority, was not sufficient to preserve the Title VII

claim.”).

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could have been, but was not, presented to the magistrate judge in the first instance.2 Similarly, a

district court will ordinarily refuse to consider argument that could have been, but was not,

presented to the magistrate judge in the first instance. See Zhao v. State Univ. of N.Y., 04-CV-

0210, 2011 WL 3610717, at *1 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 15, 2011) (“[I]t is established law that a district

judge will not consider new arguments raised in objections to a magistrate judge's report and

recommendation that could have been raised before the magistrate but were not.”) (internal

quotation marks and citation omitted); Hubbard v. Kelley, 752 F. Supp.2d 311, 312-13

(W.D.N.Y. 2009) (“In this circuit, it is established law that a district judge will not consider new

arguments raised in objections to a magistrate judge's report and recommendation that could have

been raised before the magistrate but were not.”) (internal quotation marks omitted).

When only a general objection is made to a portion of a magistrate judge's

report-recommendation, the Court subjects that portion of the report-recommendation to only a

clear error review. Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(2),(3); Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b), Advisory Committee

Notes: 1983 Addition; see also Brown v. Peters, 95-CV-1641, 1997 WL 599355, at *2-3

(N.D.N.Y. Sept. 22, 1997) (Pooler, J.) [collecting cases], aff'd without opinion, 175 F.3d 1007

2 See Paddington Partners v. Bouchard, 34 F.3d 1132, 1137-38 (2d Cir. 1994) (“In

objecting to a magistrate's report before the district court, a party has no right to present further

testimony when it offers no justification for not offering the testimony at the hearing before the

magistrate.”) [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; Pan Am. World Airways, Inc. v.

Int'l Bhd. of Teamsters, 894 F.2d 36, 40, n.3 (2d Cir. 1990) (finding that district court did not

abuse its discretion in denying plaintiff's request to present additional testimony where plaintiff

“offered no justification for not offering the testimony at the hearing before the magistrate”); cf.

U. S. v. Raddatz, 447 U.S. 667, 676, n.3 (1980) (“We conclude that to construe § 636(b)(1) to

require the district court to conduct a second hearing whenever either party objected to the

magistrate's credibility findings would largely frustrate the plain objective of Congress to

alleviate the increasing congestion of litigation in the district courts.”); Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b),

Advisory Committee Notes: 1983 Addition (“The term ‘de novo’ does not indicate that a

secondary evidentiary hearing is required.”).

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(2d Cir. 1999). Similarly, when an objection merely reiterates the same arguments made by the

objecting party in its original papers submitted to the magistrate judge, the Court subjects that

portion of the report-recommendation challenged by those arguments to only a clear error

review.3 Finally, when no objection is made to a portion of a report-recommendation, the Court

subjects that portion of the report-recommendation to only a clear error review. Fed. R. Civ. P.

72(b), Advisory Committee Notes: 1983 Addition. When performing such a “clear error”

review, “the court need only satisfy itself that there is no clear error on the face of the record in

order to accept the recommendation.” Id.4

After conducting the appropriate review, the Court may “accept, reject, or modify, in

whole or in part, the findings or recommendations made by the magistrate judge.” 28 U.S.C. §

636(b)(1)(C).

III. ANALYSIS

After carefully reviewing the relevant papers herein, including Magistrate Judge Baxter’s

thorough Report-Recommendation, the Court can find no error in the Report-Recommendation:

3 See Mario, 313 F.3d at 766 (“Merely referring the court to previously filed papers

or arguments does not constitute an adequate objection under either Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b) or

Local Civil Rule 72.3(a)(3).”); Camardo v. Gen. Motors Hourly-Rate Emp. Pension Plan, 806 F.

Supp. 380, 382 (W.D.N.Y. 1992) (explaining that court need not consider objections that merely

constitute a "rehashing" of the same arguments and positions taken in original papers submitted

to the magistrate judge); accord, Praileau v. Cnty. of Schenectady, 09-CV-0924, 2010 WL

3761902, at *1, n.1 (N.D.N.Y. Sept. 20, 2010) (McAvoy, J.); Hickman ex rel. M.A.H. v. Astrue,

07-CV-1077, 2010 WL 2985968, at *3 & n.3 (N.D.N.Y. July 27, 2010) (Mordue, C.J.); Almonte

v. N.Y.S. Div. of Parole, 04-CV-0484, 2006 WL 149049, at *4 (N.D.N.Y. Jan. 18, 2006) (Sharpe,

J.).

4 See also Batista v. Walker, 94-CV-2826, 1995 WL 453299, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. July

31, 1995) (Sotomayor, J.) (“I am permitted to adopt those sections of [a magistrate judge's] report

to which no specific objection is made, so long as those sections are not facially erroneous.”)

(internal quotation marks and citations omitted).

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Magistrate Judge Baxter employed the proper standards, accurately recited the facts, and

reasonably applied the law to those facts. As a result, the Report-Recommendation is accepted

and adopted in its entirety for the reasons set forth therein. To those reasons, the Court adds the

following analysis.

To the extent that Plaintiff’s Objections assert specific challenges to the Report-

Recommendation, the Court finds they merely repeat arguments presented in his response to

Defendants’ motion for summary judgment. (Compare Dkt. No. 32, at Points 2-6, 8, and 9 with

Dkt. No. 27, Attach. 2, at Point I.) As a result, the Court finds that the “challenged” portions of

the Report-Recommendation warrant only a clear-error review. See, supra, Part II of this

Decision and Order. The Court finds they survive that review. In any event, even if the Court

were to find that Plaintiff’s arguments did not merely reiterate arguments presented in his

response, the Court would find that they survive a de novo review.

With respect to Plaintiff’s first argument (that Defendant Chadwick has not substantiated

his assertion that Plaintiff had submitted unapproved agendas to the administration more than

once), the Court finds that Paragraph 22 of Defendant Chadwick’s declaration appears to provide

such evidence. (Dkt. No. 25, Attach. 3, at ¶ 22.)

With respect to Plaintiff’s second argument (that Defendant Chadwick’s declaration

reveals that the administration was not holding monthly meetings to address prison-population

problems as required), the Court is not persuaded that any such failure to hold monthly meetings

(if it were established) would preclude Plaintiff from being able to be punished for submitted

unapproved agendas.

With respect to Plaintiff’s third argument (that the record lacks evidence that Plaintiff

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ever violated a direct order, or had been issued multiple direct orders), the Court finds that it

appears undisputed that Plaintiff sustained a disciplinary conviction that was not reversed on

appeal; and the issue of whether Plaintiff violated multiple direct orders or only one (for which

discipline was warranted) appears to be of little materiality.

Finally, with respect to Plaintiff's fourth argument (that the ILC Policy relied on by

Defendants does not apply to Plaintiff, because it predates his arrival at the facility, does not

name him, and does not contain his signature), the Court finds that the reasons offered by

Plaintiff do not render the ILC policy inapplicable to him.

ACCORDINGLY, it is

ORDERED that Magistrate Baxter’s Report-Recommendation (Dkt. No. 30) is

ACCEPTED and ADOPTED in its entirety; and it is further

ORDERED that Defendants’ motion for summary judgment (Dkt. No. 25) is

GRANTED, and it is further

ORDERED that Plaintiff's Complaint (Dkt. No. 1) is DISMISSED.

Dated: March 20, 2023

Syracuse, New York

U.S. District Judge