The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
MARQUIS LENOX PARKER,
Plaintiff,
-against- 9:21-CV-00130 (LEK/ATB)
PATRICK DONNELLY,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM-DECISION AND ORDER
I. INTRODUCTION
Plaintiff Marquis Lenox Parker commenced this pro se civil rights action against various
named and unnamed individuals employed by the New York State Department of Corrections
and Community Supervision (“DOCCS”) on February 4, 2021. Dkt. No. 1 (“Complaint”). He did
so by filing his Complaint, id., and by moving the Court for leave to proceed in forma pauperis
(“IFP”), Dkt. No. 2 (“Application”). On March 29, 2021, the Court granted the Application, Dkt.
No. 5 at 1–2, and then severed the Complaint, transferring some of Plaintiff’s claims to the
Western District of New York, id. at 7–9. As for the claims remaining in the Northern District of
New York, the Court reviewed them pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915, 1915A and dismissed
several causes of action and defendants. Id. at 9–12. The only claim that survived was Plaintiff’s
Fourteenth Amendment due process claim against defendant Patrick Donnelly.
Defendant answered the Complaint on May 13, 2021, Dkt. No. 11, and then moved for
summary judgment on February 8, 2022, Dkt. No. 17 (“Motion”) before the Honorable Andrew
T. Baxter, United States Magistrate Judge. Plaintiff did not respond to Defendant’s Motion,
despite seeking and being afforded an extension of time to do so. See Dkt. Nos. 19, 21.
Notwithstanding this failure, the Magistrate Judge “elected to conduct an independent review of
the record” in considering the Motion. Dkt. No. 22 (“Report-Recommendation” or “R&R”) at 3.
After reviewing the record, the Magistrate Judge recommended denying the Motion “as to the
limited issue of [P]laintiff’s Fourteenth Amendment due process claim based on allegations that
defendant Donnelly unfairly prejudged the evidence,” but otherwise recommended granting. Id.
at 28. Neither party objected to the Report-Recommendation. See Dkt. For the reasons set forth
below, the Court approves and adopts the Report-Recommendation in its entirety.
II. BACKGROUND
A. Factual Allegations
Petitioner’s factual allegations are detailed in the Report-Recommendation, familiarity
with which is assumed. See R&R at 3–6.
B. The Report-Recommendation
Despite Plaintiff’s failure to oppose the Motion, the Magistrate Judge “elected to conduct
an independent review of the record[.]” R&R at 3. As such, the Magistrate Judge treated
Plaintiff’s verified Complaint as an affidavit to determine whether a genuine issue of material
fact existed, thereby precluding summary judgment. Id. at 3 (citing Riehl v. Martin, No. 13-CV-
439, 2014 WL 1289601, at *5 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 31, 2014) (other citations omitted)); see also Fed.
R. Civ. P. 56.
After a thorough review of the facts and claims asserted by Plaintiff, as well as the record
evidence presented by Defendant, the Magistrate Judge found that “for purposes of the instant
motion . . . [P]laintiff’s allegations [regarding his SHU confinement] have established an
‘atypical and significant hardship’ that would implicate a protected liberty interest” under the
Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. R&R at 9
(also observing that Defendant failed to “address [P]laintiff’s contention that he was denied food
during his confinement in the SHU”).
The Magistrate Judge then proceeded to analyze whether Plaintiff was “afforded the
minimum requirements of [procedural] due process prior to [his] confinement.” R&R at 9
(quoting Williams v. Chuttey, 767 F. App’x 105, 107 (2d Cir. 2019)). The Magistrate Judge
identified two procedural due process violations alleged in Plaintiff’s Complaint:
(1) [D]efendant Donnelly was not fair and impartial [as his pre-
confinement hearing officer] because he (a) prejudged the evidence
and (b) interfered with/influenced the testimony of [Correction
Officer (“C.O.”)] Allen and C.O. Schwab, and (2) [P]laintiff was
denied the opportunity to question two inmate witnesses whose
testimony was “highly relevant” to his defense.
R&R at 9–10. To evaluate whether a genuine dispute of material fact existed with respect to each
of these claims, the Magistrate Judge reviewed the disciplinary hearing transcript in full, which
Defendant submitted to the Court in support of the Motion. Id. at 11.
On the issue of improper witness influence, the Magistrate Judge found that “no
reasonable fact finder could conclude that [D]efendant Donnelly improperly influenced the
testimony of C.O. Allen or C.O. Schwab,” despite Plaintiff’s allegations to the contrary. R&R at
12. On the issue of prejudging the evidence, however, the Magistrate Judge found that “a
question of fact remains on the merits of . . . whether [D]efendant Donnelly violated [P]laintiff’s
right to have his disciplinary hearing adjudicated by a fair and impartial hearing officer.” Id. at
12–23 (analyzing, among other things, Defendant’s “expression of disbelief that a correction
officer would ever fabricate a misbehavior report against an inmate for retaliatory purposes”).
On the issue of limiting witnesses in the disciplinary hearing, the Magistrate Judge found
that a state court, in an Article 78 proceeding, had already adjudicated this issue and determined
that Defendant’s “conduct fell short of violating [P]laintiff’s constitutional rights.” R&R at 24.
The Magistrate Judge then stated that “in the absence of any evidence suggesting that [P]laintiff
was not afforded a full and fair opportunity to litigate this claim in the Article 78 proceeding, the
state court’s determination ‘is entitled to full faith [and] credit and precludes [P]laintiff from’”
relitigating the issue in federal court. Id. at 25. Accordingly, the Magistrate Judge “conclude[d]
that [P]laintiff’s claim that [D]efendant Donnelly improperly precluded [P]laintiff’s witnesses
does not support his [procedural] due process claim.” Id.
Finally, the Magistrate Judge rejected Defendant’s argument that “he should be awarded
summary judgment because he is entitled to qualified immunity[,]” since an inmate’s due process
right to a fair and impartial hearing officer was “well established” at the time the disciplinary
hearing took place. R&R at 27–28. The Magistrate Judge concluded: “Whether [D]efendant
Donnelly was biased to the extent of a due process violation is disputed, and thus summary
judgment on qualified immunity grounds is inappropriate.” Id. at 28 (citing Hemphill v. Schott,
141 F.3d 412, 418 (2d Cir. 1998)).
III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Within fourteen days after a party has been served with a copy of a magistrate judge’s
report-recommendation, the party “may serve and file specific, written objections to the proposed
findings and recommendations.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b); see also R&R at 28 (“the parties have
fourteen (14) days . . . to file written objections to the . . . report”). If objections are timely filed,
a court “shall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed
findings or recommendations to which objection is made.” 28 U.S.C. § 636(b). However, if no
objections are made, a district court need only review the report-recommendation for clear error.
Barnes v. Prack, No. 11-CV-857, 2013 WL 1121353, at *1 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 18, 2013). Clear
error is a highly deferential standard of review, and “is present when upon review of the entire
record, the court is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.”
Rivera v. Federal Bureau of Prisons, 368 F. Supp. 3d 741, 744 (S.D.N.Y. 2019). After reviewing
the entire record, the Court “may accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the findings or
recommendations made by the magistrate judge.” 28 U.S.C. § 636(b).
IV. DISCUSSION
Neither party objected to the Report-Recommendation. See Dkt. Accordingly, the Court
reviews it for clear error and finds none. Therefore, the Court adopts the Report-
Recommendation in its entirety.
V. CONCLUSION
Accordingly, it is hereby:
ORDERED, that the Report-Recommendation, Dkt. No. 22, is APPROVED and
ADOPTED in its entirety; and it is further
ORDERED, that Defendant’s motion for summary judgment, Dkt. No. 17, be DENIED
in part as to Plaintiff's procedural due process claim based on allegations that Defendant
unfairly prejudged the evidence, but otherwise be GRANTED in part; and it is further
ORDERED, that the Clerk serve a copy of this Memorandum-Decision and Order on all
parties in accordance with the Local Rules.
IT ISSO ORDERED.
DATED: September 12, 2022
Albany, New York
LAWRENCE E. KAHN
United States District Judge