SIM Surgical, LLC v. Spinefrontier, LLC

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF MISSOURI

EASTERN DIVISION

SIM SURGICAL, LLC )

)

Plaintiff, )

)

v. ) No. 4:20-CV-01060-JAR

)

SPINEFRONTIER, LLC, )

)

Defendant. )

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

This matter is before the Court on the motion of Plaintiff SIM Surgical (“SIM”)

to compel responses to its post-judgment requests for production and interrogatories. (Doc.

No. 47). For the reasons set forth below, the motion to compel will be granted, in part,

and denied, in part.

I. Background

SIM first brought suit against Defendant SpineFrontier, LLC (“SpineFrontier”) on

August 12, 2020. (Doc. No. 1). After considering the parties’ arguments on motion for

summary judgment, the Court granted summary judgment in SIM’s favor and entered a

partial final judgment against SpineFrontier in the amount of $118,158.94.1 (Doc. No.

42). However, SpineFrontier has not voluntarily tendered the judgment amount to SIM.

(Doc. No. 47 at 2). SIM therefore served post-judgment discovery on SpineFrontier to

support its efforts to execute its judgment. SpineFrontier’s discovery responses were then

due on September 8, 2022. Id.

SpineFrontier timely provided responses and objections to SIM’s discovery

1 SIM voluntarily dismissed the remainder of its claims shortly thereafter. See (Doc. No. 46).

requests. (Doc. No. 47 at 2). As relevant to this motion, SpineFrontier agreed to produce:

(i) articles of incorporation and other organizational documents, (RFP 2); (ii) copies of

documents reflecting payments SpineFrontier received since November 1, 2019, (RFP 4);

(iii) documents identified in SpineFrontier’s response to interrogatory answers, (RFP 5);

(iv) balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and other financial statements from

November 1, 2019 through the present, (RFP 6); (v) special ledgers, journals, or other

books and records of account through that time period, (RFP 7); (vi) documents relating

to certificates of deposit, security interests, mortgages, stocks, and other interests

SpineFrontier holds, (RFP 8); (vii) accounts receivable ledgers from November 1, 2019

through the present, (RFP 10); and (viii) statements for all bank and other accounts from

that time period (RFP 12). See id. at 3. On October 25, 2022, however, SpineFrontier

informally produced only a single page from its fiscal year 2020 and 2021 profit and loss

statement, and two pages of a 2017 tax form showing amounts an individual associated

with SpineFrontier owed. Id.

During the post-judgment discovery process, counsel Daniel J. Dwyer of Verrill

Dana LLP initially represented SpineFrontier. (Doc. No. 55). However, on September 1,

2022, SpineFrontier substituted counsel with attorney Jeffrey Chip of Jeffrey A. Chip,

P.C.2 Id. SpineFrontier explains that the substitution in counsel and the need for a

protective order initially delayed its compliance with SIM’s discovery requests. Id. at 2.

As the Court entered a stipulated protective order on January 6, 2023, SpineFrontier

provided SIM with some discovery responses shortly thereafter. See (Doc. No. 54).

2 Attorney Mark Brown, of Mark Brown LLC, was and remains local counsel for SpineFrontier. (Doc. No. 55).

SpineFrontier’s production included: (i) articles of incorporation, (RFP 2); (ii)

invoices through October, 2022, (RFP 4); (iii) the documents identified in its interrogatory

answers, (RFP 5); (iv) balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and other financial

statements from November 1, 2019 through October, 2022, (RFP 6); (v) special ledgers,

journals, and other records of account from November 1, 2019 through October, 2022,

(RFP 7); (vi) documents relating to certificates of deposit, security interests, mortgages,

stocks, and other beneficial interests SpineFrontier owes through October, 2022, (RFP 8);

(vii) accounts receivable ledgers from November 1, 2019 through October, 2022, (RFP

10); and (viii) statements for all bank and other accounts from November 1, 2019 through

October, 2022, (RFP 12). (Doc. No. 55 at 5-6). SIM contends that these responses remain

insufficient in regards to RFP 4, RFP 7, RFP 8, RFP 10, and RFP 12. (Doc. No. 57). SIM

notes that SpineFrontier has raised objections to its other requests for production, but

asserts that those at issue in this motion are only those to which SpineFrontier has already

agreed to comply. Id. at 1. It also requests reasonable fees and expenses associated with

bringing the motion, including attorneys’ fees. (Doc. No. 47 at 6).

II. Legal Standards

Discovery in aid of the execution of a money judgment is controlled by Federal

Rule of Civil Procedure 69, which states, in relevant part, that “[i]n aid of the judgment or

execution, the judgment creditor...may obtain discovery from any person...as provided in

these rules or by the procedure of the state where the court is located.” Fed. R. Civ. P.

69(a)(2). See also Credit Lyonnais, S.A. v. SGC Intern., Inc., 160 F.3d 428, 430 (8th Cir.

1998) (holding that Rule 69 provides a right to conduct discovery after a judgment is

entered in a case). Rule 69(a) further allows the “judgment creditor...freedom to make a

broad inquiry to discover hidden or concealed assets of the judgment debtor.” ITOCHU

Int'l, Inc. v. Devon Robotics, LLC, 303 F.R.D. 229, 232 (E.D. Pa. 2014) (citation omitted);

see also Wright & Miller, Discovery in Aid of Execution, 12 Fed. Prac. & Proc. Civ. §

3014 (3d ed.) (“The judgment creditor is allowed discovery to find out about assets on

which execution can issue...”). As this Court is located Missouri, Missouri’s rules of civil

procedure are also relevant to this issue. Missouri's Rules of Civil Procedure allow post-

judgment discovery of “matters...relevant to the discovery of assets or income subject

to...the satisfaction of judgments.” Mo. R. Civ. P. 76.28.

Rule 69(a) applies the normal procedure of conducting discovery to post-judgment

discovery requests. Fed. R. Civ. P. 69(a)(2). For instance, responses to written discovery

must comply with the requirements of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 33 and 34,

including the time to respond and waiver of objections if not timely raised. BancorpSouth

Bank v. RWM Properties II, LLC, No. 4:11CV373 JCH, 2012 WL 3939972, at * 1 (E.D.

Mo. Sept. 10, 2012) (applying Rules 33 and 34 to post-judgment discovery requests). In

addition, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37 provides that “[a] party seeking discovery

may move for an order compelling an answer, designation, production, or inspection” if,

inter alia, a party fails to answer an interrogatory or fails to produce documents. Fed. R.

Civ. P. 37(a)(3)(B). “[E]vasive or incomplete disclosure, answer, or response must be

treated as a failure to disclose, answer, or respond.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(4).

III. Discussion

a. Requests for Production 4, 7 and 12

SpineFrontier’s discovery responses remain materially deficient in many respects.

RFP 4 requested “copies of documents reflecting payments received by SpineFrontier

since November 1, 2019.” (Doc. No. 47 at 3). Similarly, RFP 7 requested “special ledgers,

journals, or other books and records of account from November 1, 2019 to present.” Id.

RFP 12 requested “statements for all bank and other accounts from November 1, 2019 to

present.” Id. SIM notes that SpineFrontier only provided invoices in response to RFP 4

and RFP 7, though the requests for production asked for all documents reflecting payment,

and all general or special ledgers, journals, books, or account records. Id. at 2. SIM also

points out that the documents extend only to October 2022, rendering the productions two

months out of date. Id. Finally, SIM notes that SpineFrontier’s production for RFP 12

only extends through October, 2022, making that production out of date. Id. at 4.

The Court finds that SpineFrontier’s production of invoices and bank account

information through only October 2022 is incomplete and does not sufficiently answer

RFPs 4, 7, and 12. SpineFrontier’s incomplete responses prevent SIM from collecting the

Judgment forcing it to incur further expenses to determine whether SpineFrontier has the

responsive documents. See Dinosaur Merchang Bank Limited v. Banservices

International, LLC, Case No. 1:19 CV 84 ACL, 2021 WL 918189, at *15 (E.D. Mo. Mar.

2021).

If SpineFrontier does not have other “documents reflecting payments” or “special

ledgers, journals, or other books and records of account,” it must say so in its formal

answer. Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(b)(2)(B). SpineFrontier must conduct a reasonable search for

the materials responsive to the requests, rather than limiting itself only to what is

immediately available. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(b)(2)(B), advisory committee notes on 2015

Amendment (explaining that a party may limit its search only after raising an objection

and identifying which documents are withheld “beyond the scope of the search specified

in the objection”). SpineFrontier also bears a duty to supplement and correct its responses

in a timely manner “if the party learns that in some material respect the disclosure…is

incomplete[.]” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(e)(1)(A). As SpineFrontier has offered to supplement its

answers “upon updated records”, the Court orders SpineFrontier to produce electronic

bank statements to the present date. Further, SpineFrontier makes no mention of its failure

to produce all of the documents SIM requested beyond invoices. SpineFrontier must either

produce these documents or specifically state that none exist. Thus, the Court grants SIM’s

motion to compel production of documents responsive to Requests 4, 7, and 12 and orders

SpineFrontier to supplement its answers thereto by February 6, 2023.

b. Request for Production 8

In RFP 8, SIM requested documents relating to certificates of deposit, security

interests, mortgages, stocks, and other beneficial interests SpineFrontier owes through

October, 2022. SpineFrontier alleges that it has produced “[a]greed upon documents”

through October 2022. (Doc. No. 55 at 5). However, SIM states that it received no

documents responsive to that request. (Doc. No. 57 at 3). SIM further asserts that

SpineFrontier did not identify which, if any, documents are responsive to RFP 8 in either

its production or in response to the motion to compel. Id. at 3-4.

When responding to requests for production, a party must organize the records and

label them to correspond to the discovery request to which they respond. See Wagner v.

Dryvit Systems, Inc., 208 F.R.D. 606, 611 (D. Neb. 2001) (internal citations omitted).

SpineFrontier has not properly organized its document production to indicate documents

responsive to RFP 8. Further, SpineFrontier limited its document production for RFP 8 to

documents through only October 2022. The Court therefore compels SpineFrontier’s full

compliance with RFP 8 no later than February 6, 2023.

c. Redacted Customer Information in Requests 4, 7, and 10

SIM asserts that, although SpineFrontier produced some documents responsive to

requests 4, 7, and 10, it redacted all customer identifying information, such that the

documents are not usable for SIM to collect its judgment. (Doc. No. 57 at 2). Nothing in

the Federal Rules permits the unilateral redaction of information on the basis of

confidentiality or privacy concerns. See Wallace v. Pharma Medica Research, Inc., Case

No. 4:18cv01859 PLC, 2021 WL 22593, at *5 (E.D. Mo. Jan. 14, 2021). Instead, the

Rules allow the parties to move for a protective order. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c)(1). See

also Bartholomew v. Avalon Capital Group, Inc., 278 F.R.D. 441, 452 (D. Minn. 2011)

(stating that parties seeking to unilaterally redact responsive documents must request

leave, and that a protective order may “limit the dissemination of any confidential

information”). Here, the Court entered a protective order. Nevertheless, SpineFrontier did

not request leave to redact its disclosures, and it did not explain its further need for

redaction. The Court therefore grants SIM’s motion to compel unredacted documents in

response to RFP 4, 7, and 10. SpineFrontier must produce the unredacted documents no

later than February 6, 2023.

d. Attorneys’ Fees

If the Court grants a motion to compel, “or if the disclosure or requested discovery

is provided after the motion was filed,” it is required to order the party whose conduct

necessitated the motion to pay reasonable expenses associated with the motion, including

attorneys’ fees. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(5)(A). However, the Court must not order payment

of these expenses if: “(i) the movant filed the motion before attempting in good faith to

obtain the disclosure or discovery without court action; (i1) the opposing party’s

nondisclosure, response, or objection was substantially justified; or (iii) other

circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.” Id.

In response to SIM’s request for attorneys’ fees, SpineFrontier explains that it

obtained new counsel to handle post-judgment discovery issues on September 1, 2022.

(Doc. No. 50). Although SpineFrontier’s local counsel remained the same, Mr. Brown

transitioned from the Law Office of Mark Brown LLC to Husch Blackwell LLP in May

2022, and his email address was not correctly updated in Pacer, and Mr. Brown did not

receive notice of the motion to compel until December 9, 2022. (Doc. No. 55 at 2). The

Court does not believe that an award of attorneys’ fees is warranted at this time and denies

the request without prejudice. However, the Court reserves ruling at this time regarding

whether an award of attorneys’ fees is warranted. The Court will revisit the issue when it

determines if SpineFrontier’s conduct continues a pattern of non-compliance. SIM may

refile its motion for fees if appropriate.

Accordingly,

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that SIM’s motion to compel, (Doc. No. 47), is

GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. SIM’s request to compel answers to requests

4,7, 8, 10, and 12 are GRANTED. SIM’s request to compel answers to requests 2, 5, and

6 are DENIED as MOOT. The Court RESERVES RULING SIM’s request for

attorneys’ fees.

Dated this 30th day of January, 2023.

NITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE