The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
MIDDLE DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA
TYLER HARP
CIVIL ACTION
VERSUS
NO. 21-236-SDJ
GARRET THOMPSON, GEICO CASUALTY
COMPANY AND PROGRESSIVE PALOVERDE
INSURANCE COMPANY
ORDER
Before the Court is a Notice of Special Appearance and Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to
Rule 12(b)(5) for Insufficiency of Service of Process filed by Defendant Garrett Thompson on
October 13, 2021. (R. Doc. 28). For the reasons below, the motion is DENIED.
I. Procedural Background
This case arises from a car accident between Plaintiff Tyler Harp and Defendant Garret
Thompson on February 3, 2020, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Plaintiff initially filed this suit in
Louisiana state court on February 2, 2021, naming as defendants the driver Garret Thompson,
liability insurance provider Geico Casualty Company, and uninsured motorist insurance provider
Progressive Paloverde Insurance Company. Geico removed the action to this Court on April 22,
2021, with affirmative consent from Progressive and a note that Thompson had not yet been
served. (R. Doc. 1). Plaintiff entered a Motion for Remand on May 21, 2021 (R. Doc. 8), which
was later denied (R. Doc. 31). Progressive was dismissed on May 26, 2021. (R. Doc. 13).
The instant Motion to Dismiss was filed by special appearance of Thompson on October
13, 2021. (R. Doc. 28). Plaintiff filed a memorandum in opposition on November 3, 2021 (R. Doc.
29), and Thompson filed a reply on November 17, 2021 (R. Doc. 30).
II. Plaintiff’s Attempts at Service
Service regarding notice of the state court filing was attempted on all Defendants on or
around February 9, 2021, including a copy of the petition and citation sent to Thompson by
certified mail at 115 Rockhaven Drive, Madison, Alabama. (R. Doc. 29-4 at 1). According to
United States Postal Service tracking data, the letter was marked “Unclaimed/Being Returned to
Sender” on March 12, 2021; however, as of the date of this writing, its status remains “In-Transit”
and was never returned to the sender. (R. Doc. 29-4 at 1). On April 22, 2021, Geico filed its Notice
of Removal, noting that Thompson was a resident of Madison, Alabama, at the time of the accident
and had not yet been served. (R. Doc. 1 at 5).
On June 6, 2021, Geico sent its initial disclosures to Plaintiff, including Thompson’s
address at 115 Rockhaven Drive, Madison, AL 70769. (R. Doc. 29-1 at 1). On June 24, a Joint
Status Report notes that Thompson was never served with the petition for damages. (R. Doc. 15 at
4). On or around June 28, 2021, Plaintiff again sent a copy of the petition and citation to Thompson
at the address provided by Geico. This time the letter was returned on or around July 19, 2021,
marked as “Unable to Forward/Return to Sender”. (R. Doc. 29-4 at 1).
On August 17, 2021, Plaintiff filed a motion requesting appointment of a process server
for Thompson. (R Doc. 18). The motion was denied as unnecessary—anyone of age can serve
process upon this defendant—but this Court extended the deadline to serve Thompson to
September 27, 2021. Upon Plaintiff’s request, summons was issued as to Thompson at 115
Rockhaven Dr. on August 27, 2021 (R. Doc. 23). On September 23, 2021, this summons was
served by private investigator and left with Timothy Maples—Thompson’s stepfather—at
Maples’s current residence at 228 Oakfair Drive, Rogersville, Alabama. (Proof of Service R. Doc.
27; Declaration of Timothy Maples, R. Doc. 28-2). On September 24, 2021, summons was issued
as to Defendant Thompson at 7440 S. Kearney Road, Whitmore Lake, Michigan, (R. Doc. 26).
Plaintiff’s attorney also spoke with Thompson’s brother and grandmother and attempted to locate
Thompson and several of his family members in online databases. (R. Doc. 29-5, 29-6).
III. Arguments of the Parties
Addressing only Plaintiff’s attempted service at 228 Oakfair Drive, Thompson argues that
Plaintiff failed to establish proper domiciliary or personal service up on Thompson because service
was attempted at an address where Thompson did not reside. (R. Doc. 28-1 at 5). Thompson further
claims that Plaintiff’s Proof of Service regarding this attempt (R. Doc. 27) does not meet proof
requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(l)(1). (R. Doc. 28-1 at 7-8). Finally, Thompson
argues that because Plaintiff’s attempt at service was defective, Plaintiff has now failed to properly
serve Thompson within the time period set by this Court. (R. Doc. 28-1 at 11).
Where Thompson’s motion almost exclusively addresses the instance of service at 228
Oakfair Dr. in September 2021, Plaintiff’s opposition focuses solely on long-arm service attempted
by certified mail at 115 Rockhaven Dr. in February and June 2021. Plaintiff argues that service
under the Louisiana Long Arm Statute1 was perfected by sending the complaint to Thompson by
certified mail. (R. Doc. 29 at 5). Plaintiff claims that because 115 Rockhaven Dr. was the address
provided in Geico’s initial disclosures, there was no reason for Plaintiff to believe this service was
deficient. (R. Doc. 29 at 7). Plaintiff argues in the alternative that this Court has good cause to
extend time for service under Federal Rule 4(m) because of Plaintiff’s repeated attempts at service
at various addresses associated with Thompson and his relatives. (R. Doc. 29 at 8).
1 La. R.S. 13:3204(A)
Finally, Thompson in his response asks the Court to disregard all argument about any
service other than the attempted personal service at 228 Oakfair Dr. (R. Doc. 30 at 1). Thompson
claims that because his Motion to Dismiss is based solely on the attempted domiciliary service,
Plaintiff has not met his burden to prove sufficient service by invoking only the Long Arm Statute.
(R. Doc. 30 at 2). In the alternative, Thompson argues that unlike other cases finding proper service
under the Long Arm Statute, Thompson’s correct address is in question here. (R. Doc. 30 at 3).
Namely, Thompson argues that at the times of Plaintiff’s mailed service attempts, Thompson was
not domiciled at 115 Rockhaven Dr. (R. Doc. 30 at 4).
IV. Discussion
Because the parties address separate instances of attempted service, the Court will address
each in turn. The burden of demonstrating the validity of service when an objection is made lies
with the party making service. Id. (citing Carimi v. Royal Carribean Cruise Line, Inc., 959 F.2d
1344, 1346 (5th Cir. 1992)). The Court rejects Thompson’s request that earlier instances of
attempted service be disregarded; if Plaintiff can show that an earlier instance of service met the
technical requirements of proper service, he will have met his burden of proving service upon
Thompson was perfected. Later insufficient service of the same document will not render the
perfected service moot. And if the Court decides that service was not perfected, Plaintiff’s prior
attempts are nonetheless relevant.
A. Service by Long Arm Statute at 115 Rockhaven Dr.
“A motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(5) turns on the legal sufficiency of the service
of process.” Holly v. Metro. Transit Auth., 213 Fed.Appx 343, 344 (5th Cir. 2007). Rule 4(e) of
the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure states that service within a judicial district of the United States
may be made by
(1) following state law for serving a summons in an action brought in courts of
general jurisdiction in the state where the district court is located or where
service is made; or
(2) doing any of the following:
(A) delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual
personally;
(B) leaving a copy of each at the individual's dwelling or usual place of abode
with someone of suitable age and discretion who resides there; or
(C) delivering a copy of each to an agent authorized by appointment or by law
to receive service of process.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 4. The Louisiana Long Arm Statute provides that a non-resident defendant may be
served by a plaintiff sending to that defendant, via registered or certified mail, a certified copy of
the summons and complaint. La. R.S. 13:3204(A). There is no requirement that the plaintiff receive
a signed return receipt, and service is perfected when the petition and summons are sent.
McFarland v. Dippel, 756 So.2d 618, 622 (La.App. 1st Cir. 2000) (“[A]ll that is necessary to
constitute service upon a non-resident under the long-arm statute is that counsel for the plaintiff
send a certified copy of the citation and of the petition in the suit to the defendant by registered or
certified mail, or actually deliver it in person.”); HTS, Inc. v. Seahawk Oil & Gas, Inc., 889 So.2d
442, 444–45 (La.App. 3d Cir.2004) (“There is no requirement under § 3204 for a signed return
receipt.”).
Where a defendant’s correct address is in dispute, even when the mailing address was
indicated in the record, this Court has held that service was not perfected when the defendant did
not reside at the address at the time of service and plaintiffs did not attempt to find the correct
address at the time of attempted service. In Grace v. Myers, the plaintiff obtained the defendant’s
address at the time of a traffic accident, but there was no indication that the defendant or anyone
authorized to receive service on his behalf was residing at that address at the time of service; the
mail was marked unclaimed and returned to sender. Grace v. Myers, No. 15-300, 2015 WL
4939893, at *5 (M.D. La. Aug. 18, 2015). Likewise, in Kelly v. Arch, this Court found a defendant
was not properly served when plaintiff attempted long arm service to the stale address listed on
the police report regarding an accident that had happened approximately a year before service was
attempted. Kelly v. Arch Ins. Co., No. 15-00772, 2016 WL 3951424, at *6-*7 (M.D. La. June 9,
2016).
Here, Plaintiff attempted service on Thompson at 115 Rockhaven Dr. on February 9 and
June 28, 2021. (R. Doc. 29-4 at 1). This address is the one that appears on the police report
regarding the traffic accident that gives rise to this action. (R. Doc. 29-2 at 3). It is the same address
provided in Geico’s initial disclosures dated June 6, 2021. 2 (R. Doc. 29-1 at 1). The February
mailing was marked “Unclaimed” and returned to sender, but it never physically made it back to
Plaintiff.3 (R. Doc. 29-4 at 1). The June mailing was marked “Unable to Forward” and physically
returned to Plaintiff on or about July 19, 2021. (R. Doc. 29-4 at 17-20). After these clear attempts
to comply with the Louisiana Long Arm Statute, Plaintiff attempted to locate Thompson through
several internet database searches, contacting family members, and enlisting a private investigator.
(R. Doc. 29-5).
2 The Court notes that the same attorney who signed the initial disclosures containing 115 Rockhaven Dr. as
Defendant Thompson’s address is the one here arguing that Thompson did not reside at that address at the time of
either of Plaintiff’s mailings.
3 Courts have not found “unclaimed” status to be an impediment to perfected service; the status gives no indication
as to defendant’s knowledge of the mailing, and it is well settled that litigants may not defeat service by refusing to
accept a letter containing a citation. McFarland 756 So.2d. at 622. Indeed, this is why service is perfected upon
mailing rather than receipt—to ensure defendants cannot evade service by refusing to accept a certified letter. HTS,
Inc., 889 So.2d at 444-45.
Like plaintiffs in Grace and Kelly, Plaintiff here initially relied on stale information from
the police report; unlike those plaintiffs, however, Plaintiff here also relied on information
provided by Defense counsel in initial disclosures and made considerable effort to locate
Thompson and perfect service. However, despite Plaintiff’s efforts, Thompson makes a special
appearance here, reserving his rights and averring that neither he nor anyone authorized to accept
service on his behalf resided at 115 Rockhaven Dr. at the time of service. (R. Doc. 28-2). Cf. Major
v. Patriot Disaster Servs. LLC, No. 15-866, 2017 WL 457656, at *3 (M.D. La. Feb. 2, 2017)
(finding service was perfected when plaintiff relied on defense counsel’s representations but
defendant did not reserve rights and did not supply evidence that the address of service was
incorrect). There is no evidence in the record to indicate that Thompson has been made aware of
this litigation. Therefore, the Court finds that Plaintiff service upon Thompson was not perfected
at 115 Rockhaven Dr., as the record shows that Thompson did not reside at that address at the time
of attempted service.
B. Service in Person at 228 Oakfair Dr.
In order to perfect domiciliary service under Rule 4(e)(2), the summons and complaint
must be delivered to the defendant personally, left at the defendant’s dwelling or usual place of
abode with someone of suitable age and discretion who resides there, or delivered to an agent
authorized to receive service of process. Here, a private investigator left the summons and copy of
the complaint with Timothy Maples, Thompson’s step-father, at Maples’s residence at 228 Oakfair
Dr. (R. Doc. 27).4 While Thompson may have resided with Timothy Maples at 115 Rockhaven
Dr., the record shows that Thompson did not reside at or even visit Maples’s new residence at 228
4 Thompson argues that the referenced proof of service is defective because it is “not made via an affidavit” as
required by Rule 4(l)(1). (R. Doc. 28-1 at 8). This argument based on a misinterpretation of the rule and definition of
“affidavit” for these purposes. The Court directs Defendant to 28 U. S.C.A. § 1746.
Oakfair Dr. (R. Doc. 28-2). There is no evidence in the record showing that Maples was authorized
to accept service on Thompson’s behalf. Therefore, service upon Timothy Maples does not meet
the requirements of Rule 4(e)(2) and cannot be considered perfected service upon Thompson.
C. Compliance with Rule 4(m)
Rule 4(m) permits a district court to dismiss a case without prejudice if the plaintiff fails
to serve the defendant within 120 days of filing the complaint. Thompson v. Brown, 91 F.3d 20,
21 (5th Cir. 1996). If, however, the plaintiff can establish good cause for failing to serve the
defendant, the court must extend the time for service. Id. “Good cause” requires “at least as much
as would be required to show excusable neglect, as to which simple inadvertence or mistake of
counsel or ignorance of the rules usually does not suffice, and some showing of ‘good faith on the
part of the party seeking an enlargement and some reasonable basis for noncompliance within the
time specified’ is normally required.” Winters v. Teledyne Movible Offshore, Inc., 776 F.2d 1304
(5th Cir.1985) (quoting 10 WRIGHT & MILLER, FEDERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE:
CIVIL § 1165 at 622).
Even if the plaintiff lacks good cause, the court has discretionary power to extend the time
for service. Id. A discretionary extension may be warranted, “for example, if the applicable statute
of limitations would bar the refiled action, or if the defendant is evading service or conceals a
defect in attempted service.” FED.R.CIV.P. 4(m) advisory committee's note (1993). The statute of
limitations mean that even if dismissed without prejudice, this dismissal would preclude any
further litigation. Thus, we treat it as a dismissal with prejudice and apply a heightened standard
of review. McGrew v. McQueen, 415 Fed. Appx. 592, 594-96 (5th Cir. 2011). A district court's
“dismissal with prejudice is warranted only where ‘a clear record of delay or contumacious conduct
by the plaintiff’ exists and a ‘lesser sanction would not better serve the interests of justice.’” Gray
v. Fid. Acceptance Corp., 634 F.2d 226, 227 (5th Cir.1981) (quoting Durham v. Fla. East Coast
Railway Co., 385 F.2d 366, 368 (5th Cir.1967), and Brown v. Thompson, 430 F.2d 1214, 1216 (5th
Cir.1970)). Additionally, where the Fifth Circuit has affirmed dismissals with prejudice, it has
generally found at least one of three aggravating factors: “(1) delay caused by [the] plaintiff
himself and not his attorney; (2) actual prejudice to the defendant; or (3) delay caused by
intentional conduct.” Millan v. USAA Gen. Indem. Co., 546 F.3d 321, 326 (5th Cir. 2008).
Here, Plaintiff initially relied upon a stale address, but then relied upon Defense counsel’s
attestation to the accuracy of the same address in their initial disclosures. After Plaintiff was made
aware of the incorrect address, Plaintiff made several attempts through different methods to locate
Thompson’s correct current address. As in Major v. Patriot, Plaintiff attempted to verify
Defendant’s address and relied on an address provided by Defense counsel when attempting
service. Defense counsel’s representations “put plaintiffs on the horns of a dilemma—are they to
serve [defendant] based upon the address provided by defense counsel, or the address that
plaintiffs' private investigator believes [defendant] is located. Justifiably, plaintiffs served
[defendant] at the address provided by defense counsel.” Major v. Patriot Disaster Servs. LLC,
No. 15-866, 2017 WL 457656, at *3 (M.D. La. Feb. 2, 2017). Because Plaintiff’s delay in service
was in part due to representations by Defense counsel, because dismissal would amount to
dismissal with prejudice, and because there are no aggravating factors, the Court declines to
dismiss on the grounds of failure to serve within the given time limits.
V. Conclusion
For the reasons above, IT IS ORDERED that the Motion to Dismiss (R. Doc. 28) is
DENIED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defense counsel will provide Plaintiff with updated
contact information for Thompson or certify that the address provided in initial disclosures remains
Thompson’s last known address by October 7, 2022.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, pursuant to Rule 4(m) of the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure, the deadline for Plaintiff to serve the Defendant Garrett Thompson is extended to
October 21, 2022. Plaintiff is advised that a failure to serve this Defendant by this date may result
in the dismissal of his claims against Garrett Thompson, without prejudice, for failure to timely
serve. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m).
Signed in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on September 30, 2022.
S
SCOTT D. JOHNSON
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE