Campbell v. Verma Systems, Inc.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

MIDDLE DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA

MICHAEL CAMPBELL CIVIL ACTION

VERSUS NO. 21-272-BAJ-RLB

VERMA SYSTEMS, INC., ET AL.

ORDER

Before the Court is Defendant’s Motion to Compel filed on January 25, 2022. (R. Doc.

11). The deadline for filing an opposition has expired. LR 7(f). Accordingly, the motion is

unopposed.

I. Background

On November 12, 2020, Michael Campbell (“Plaintiff”), a former employee of Verma

Systems, Inc. (“Verma” or “Defendant”), filed this action in the 19th Judicial District Court for

East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. (R. Doc. 1-2). Plaintiff alleges that he was terminated on

May 23, 2019, in retaliation for reporting alleged sexual harassment by a coworker, Keri Seay, in

“violation of Title VII as well as state and federal whistleblower statutes.” (Doc. 1-2 at 10-11).

Plaintiff seeks recovery for “loss of income” and is seeking compensatory and punitive damages.

(R. Doc. 1-2 at 12). Defendant subsequently removed the action, asserting federal question

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331. (R. Doc. 1).

On June 7, 2021, Defendant filed a Motion to Dismiss. (R. Doc. 6).

On August 24, 2021, Defendant served its First Set of Interrogatories and Requests for

Production of Documents on Plaintiff. (R. Doc. 11-2). After Plaintiff failed to provide timely

responses, defense counsel requested a discovery conference. (R. Doc. 11-3). Defendants

represent that at the discovery conference, Plaintiff agreed to provide complete responses by

November 1, 2021. (R. Doc. 11-1 at 2).

On November 1, 2021, Plaintiff provided unsigned discovery responses and produced

certain documents. (R. Doc. 11-4). Plaintiff supplemented the response on November 8, 2021

with a copy of his resume. (R. Doc. 11-5). Defense counsel requested a second discovery

conference to address, in part, confusion regarding which written responses respond to which

discovery requests. (R. Doc. 11-6). Defendant represents that at the discovery conference,

Plaintiff agreed to provide amended discovery responses. (R. Doc. 11-1 at 3).

On December 9, 2021, Plaintiff provided amended discovery responses. (R. Doc. 11-7).

Defendant then requested a third discovery conference to discuss certain deficiencies with

respect to these amended responses, including those concerning Interrogatory Nos. 3, 4, 5, 9

Request for Production Nos. 4 and 6. (R. Doc. 11-8 at 2). Defendant represents that the parties

held this third discovery conference, but Plaintiff did not provide any further discovery responses

or documents. (R. Doc. 11-1 at 3).

On January 25, 2022, Defendant filed the instant Motion to Compel, which seeks an

order compelling supplemental responses to Interrogatory Nos. 3, 4 and 5, and Request for

Production Nos. 4 and 6. (R. Doc. 11). Defendant “certifies that it has in good faith repeatedly

conferred with [Plaintiff], through counsel, in an effort to obtain responses and production of

documents without court action.” (R. Doc. 11 at 4).

On January 26, 2022, the district judge granted Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss,

dismissed Plaintiff’s state law claims with prejudice and Plaintiff’s federal claims without

prejudice, and provided Plaintiff the opportunity to file an amended pleading to assert non-

prescribed federal claims. (R. Doc. 12 at 6).

On February 10, 2022, Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint. (R. Doc. 13).1 Plaintiff did

not, however, file any opposition to the instant Motion to Compel.

II. Law and Analysis

A. Legal Standards

“Unless otherwise limited by court order, the scope of discovery is as follows: Parties

may obtain discovery regarding any non-privileged matter that is relevant to any party’s claim or

defense and proportional to the needs of the case, considering the importance of the issues at

stake in the action, the amount in controversy, the parties’ relative access to relevant information,

the parties’ resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the

burden or expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit. Information within this

scope of discovery need not be admissible in evidence to be discoverable.” Fed. R. Civ. P.

26(b)(1). The court must limit the frequency or extent of discovery if it determines that: “(i) the

discovery sought is unreasonably cumulative or duplicative, or can be obtained from some other

source that is more convenient, less burdensome, or less expensive; (ii) the party seeking

discovery has had ample opportunity to obtain the information by discovery in the action; or (iii)

the proposed discovery is outside the scope permitted by Rule 26(b)(1).” Fed. R. Civ. P.

26(b)(2)(C).

“The court may, for good cause, issue an order to protect a party or person from

annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or undue burden or expense.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c)(1).

Rule 26(c)’s “good cause” requirement indicates that the party seeking a protective order has the

burden “to show the necessity of its issuance, which contemplates a particular and specific

demonstration of fact as distinguished from stereotyped and conclusory statements.” In re Terra

1 For the purposes of this Order, the Court need not address whether Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint remedies the

issues identified in the district judge’s ruling on Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss.

Int'l, Inc., 134 F.3d 302, 306 (5th Cir. 1998) (quoting United States v. Garrett, 571 F.2d 1323,

1326 n.3 (5th Cir. 1978)).

“Once a party moving to compel discovery establishes that the materials and information

it seeks are relevant or will lead to the discovery of admissible evidence, the burden rests upon

the party resisting discovery to substantiate its objections.” Wymore v. Nail, No. 14-3493, 2016

WL 1452437, at *1 (W.D. La. Apr. 13, 2016) (citing McLeod, Alexander, Powel and Apffel, P.C.

v. Quarles, 894 F.2d 1482, 1485 (5th Cir. 1990)).

B. Analysis

The Court has reviewed the record, including the discovery requests and responses at

issue. With one exception – an objection to relevance raised in an amended response to Request

for Production No. 6 – Plaintiff did not object to any of the written discovery requests at issue.

Plaintiff has waived any objections not timely made, other than those pertaining to any

applicable privileges or immunities. See In re United States, 864 F.2d 1153, 1156 (5th Cir. 1989)

(“[A]s a general rule, when a party fails to object timely to interrogatories, production requests,

or other discovery efforts, objections thereto are waived.”); B&S Equip. Co. v. Truckle Servs.,

Inc., No. 09-3862, 2011 WL 2637289, at *6 (E.D. La. July 6, 2011) (finding waiver of all

objections to “discovery requests based on relevance, unduly burdensome, over broad, or any

other objection not grounded on the attorney client or the work product privilege.”).

As discussed below, the Court finds the information sought to fall within the scope of

discovery. Accordingly, the Court will order Plaintiff to provide supplemental responses to the

extent his original and amended responses are insufficient.

1. Interrogatory No. 3

Interrogatory No. 3 seeks the identity of persons or entities for whom Plaintiff has been

employed:

INTERROGATORY NO. 3:

Identify all persons or entities other than Verma Systems for whom Plaintiff has

worked as an employee or independent contractor at any time from the ten (10)

years preceding your employment with the Verma Systems to the present, and for

each such job state its location, the compensation record by Plaintiff, the dates of

Plaintiff’s employment or contractor relationship, the names of Plaintiff’s

supervisors and anyone with whom Plaintiff communicated while interviewing or

applying for the work.

(R. Doc. 11-2 at 7). Plaintiff’s first response was “Will e mail resume.” (R. Doc. 11-4 at 3).

Plaintiff then provided Defendant with a copy of his resume. (R. Doc. 11-5). The resume does

not include the specific information sought in the interrogatory (including job locations,

compensation records, and the names or any supervisors or contacts). Plaintiff then amended his

response by stating: “Plaintiff does not remember details about his employment history ten years

prior to working at Verma Systems However, plaintiffs resume contains his complete work

history and has already been e-mailed to counsel for Verma Systems.” (R. Doc. 11-7 at 2).

Plaintiff did not object to this interrogatory. The information provided in Plaintiff’s

resume is insufficient to satisfy the “option to produce business records” found in Rule 33(d).

Defendant has agreed to “limit its inquiry to employment and/or independent contractor

engagements since [Plaintiff’s] termination from Verma on May 23, 2019 to the present.” (R.

Doc. 11-1 at 4). A plaintiff suing for back pay under Title VII has a duty to mitigate his damages

by using reasonable diligence to obtain “substantially equivalent” employment. Sellers v.

Delgado Coll., 902 F.2d 1189, 1193 (5th Cir. 1990) (“Substantially equivalent employment is

that employment which affords virtually identical promotional opportunities, compensation, job

responsibilities, working conditions, and status as the position from which the Title VII claimant

has been discriminatorily terminated.”) (internal punctuation removed). The information sought,

as limited by Defendant, falls within the scope of discovery.

Plaintiff must supplement his response to Interrogatory No. 3 by providing his

employment information since his termination on May 23, 2019 to the present. The information

provided must include “for each such job state its location, the compensation record by Plaintiff,

the dates of Plaintiffs employment or contractor relationship, the names of Plaintiffs supervisors

and anyone with whom Plaintiff communicated while interviewing or applying for the work.”

2. Interrogatory No. 4

Interrogatory No. 4 seeks information with respect to Plaintiff’s attempts to obtain

employment since his termination on May 23, 2019:

INTERROGATORY NO. 4:

Identify each and every attempt Plaintiff has made to obtain employment

or to enter into a business or contractual relationship with any person, business,

entity, and/or identify each and every business that you owned, partially owned,

or operated from May 23, 2019 to the present. In answering this Interrogatory,

please identify the individual, employer or business; state the method (e.g., mailed

or e-mailed resume, completed written application, response to request for

proposals, telephone inquiry) by which the application for employment or attempt

to enter into a business or contractual relationship was made; the dates of each

attempt to obtain employment or enter into a business or contractual relationship;

state the result of each attempt to obtain employment (e.g., hired or not) or enter

into a business or contractual relationship (e.g., consummated or not); and as to

any employment, or contractual or business relationship, identify the beginning

and end dates, and the amount of “gross income” (as defined in 26 U.S.C. § 61)

or payment received in connection with that employment or business relationship.

(R. Doc. 11-2 at 7-8). Plaintiff’s first response was “Driver for Uber and Lyft.” (R. Doc. 11-4 at

3). Plaintiff then provided the following amended response:

AMENDED RESPONSE TO REQUEST FOR INTERROGATORY NO. 4:

Plaintiff is currently unemployed. He has worked for UBER and LYFT since

being fired from Verma Systems. Plaintiff has worked in INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY at CBM of Breaux Bridge, La. CBM is an IT Management

company. Plaintiff’s supervisor was Shawn Petrie. Plaintiff earned $45,000,00

per year, Plaintiff’s employment ended October 1, 2020.

(R. Doc. 11-7 at 2).

Plaintiff did not object to this interrogatory. There is no dispute that the information

sought is relevant to whether, and to what extent, Plaintiff undertook reasonably diligent efforts

to mitigate his alleged damages. See Sellers, 902 F.2d at 1193. The information sought falls

within the scope of discovery. Plaintiff’s responses, as amended, are insufficient.

Accordingly, Plaintiff must provide a supplemental response to the interrogatory

identifying all attempts he has made to obtain employment since his termination and provide the

specific information sought in the interrogatory.

3. Interrogatory No. 5

Interrogatory No. 5 seeks the identification of all individuals Plaintiff has contacted or

communicated regarding the claims in this action:

INTERROGATORY NO. 5:

Identify all individuals that Plaintiff (or anyone acting on his behalf) has

contacted or communicated with relating to the claims being made in this action,

or the subject matter of this action. For each such contact or communication

identified, provide the date and place of the contact or communication; state

whether it was in person, by telephone, by e-mail, or in writing, and identify all

persons present at any oral communication or in receipt of any written

communication; describe the content of the contact or communication; and

identify any documents which support, tend to support, refute, or tend to refute

Plaintiffs response to this Interrogatory.

(R. Doc. 11-2 at 8). Plaintiff responded as follows: “Communications with previous legal

counsel and current legal counsel are privileged Matters. Plaintiff had an entire EEOC case.

Included is an email from plaintiff to his EEOC investigator.” (R. Doc. 11-4 at 3). Plaintiff did

not provide an amended response.

Plaintiff did not object to this interrogatory. Accordingly, Plaintiff has waived any

objection that this discovery request is overly broad. It is unclear whether Plaintiff has identified

every individual that he has contacted or communicated with regarding the claims in this action.

To the extent he has communicated with his attorneys and his EEOC investigator, Plaintiff need

not provide any additional information. Plaintiff must, however, identify any individuals with

whom he has discussed the facts of this action (as well as the methods of communication) as

requested by the interrogatory.

4. Request for Production No. 4

Request for Production No. 4 seeks the production of all communications between

Plaintiff and Ms. Seay:

REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION NO. 4:

Produce all documents, text messages, phone records, pictures, letters, emails,

or any other correspondence exchanged between Plaintiff and Ms. Seay.

(R. Doc. 11-2 at 12). Plaintiff provided the following response: “None of the items requested are

in the possession of Plaintiff. Trial Exhibits have [n]ot been yet determined.” (R. Doc. 11-4 at 8).

In his amended response, Plaintiff stated: “Text messages between plaintiff and Keri Seay have

already been sent to defendants’ counsel.” (R. Doc. 11-7 at 5). Defendant represents that Plaintiff

has not produced any “additional material that is responsive to the request, other than the text

messages he produced on November 1, 2021.” (R. Doc. 11-1 at 7).

Plaintiff did not object to this request for production. The documents sought, which

pertain to communications between Plaintiff and his alleged harasser, fall within the scope of

discovery.

Accordingly, Plaintiff must produce all responsive documents (including text messages,

phone records, pictures, letters, emails, or any other correspondence exchanged between Plaintiff

and Ms. Seay) that are in Plaintiff’s possession, custody, or control. In the alternative, Plaintiff

must confirm that there are no additional documents responsive to this request (other than the

produced text messages) that are in his possession, custody, or control.

5. Request for Production No. 6

Request for Production No. 6 seeks the production of all documents showing any income

Plaintiff received for unemployment compensation or employment since his termination:

REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION NO. 4:

Produce documents showing any income you have received for

unemployment compensation, employment or the provision of your services in

any manner since May 23, 2019.

(R. Doc. 11-2 at 13). In response, Plaintiff responded “NONE.” (R. Doc. 11-4 at 8). In his

amended response, Plaintiff objected on the basis of “lack of relevance.” (R. Doc. 11-7 at 6).

The Court overrules Plaintiff’s objection based on lack of relevance. The information

sought is relevant to Plaintiff’s request for compensatory damages for lost wages.

Defendant asserts, however, that at a discovery conference that Plaintiff “should produce

all payroll information, benefits records, and/or tax records in his possession, such as his income

tax statements along with 1099s and W2s for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021 in order to satisfy

the request.” (R. Doc. 11-1 at 7). Courts have held that “because tax returns are ‘highly sensitive

documents,’ their discovery requires that the requesting party demonstrate both: (1) that the

requested tax information is ‘relevant’ to the subject matter of the action; and (2) that there is a

‘compelling need’ for the information because the information contained in the tax returns is not

‘otherwise readily obtainable’ through alternative forms of discovery, such as depositions or

sworn interrogatory answers.” Butler v. Exxon Mobil Ref. & Supply Co., No. 07-386, 2008 WL

4059867, at *2 (M.D. La. Aug. 28, 2008) (citing National Gas Pipeline Co. of America, 2 F .3d

1397, 1411 (5th Cir. 1993)).

That said, Request for Production No. 6 does not specifically seek tax records.

Furthermore, Defendant has not demonstrated why the information sought (documents reflecting

the total income received since Plaintiff’s termination) cannot be obtained through other

documents or forms of discovery.

Accordingly, the Court will not require Plaintiff to produce tax records in response to this

particular document request. The Court will, however, require Plaintiff to provide a full response

to Request for Production No. 6 as written. The response “none” is clearly inconsistent with

Plaintiff’s other responses providing that he has been employed since his termination. Plaintiff

must identify and produce responsive documents substantiating any “income” he has received

since May 23, 2019.

6. Award of Reasonable Expenses

If a motion to compel is granted, “the court must, after giving an opportunity to be heard,

require the party . . . whose conduct necessitated the motion, the party or attorney advising that

conduct, or both to pay the movant’s reasonable expenses incurred in making the motion,

including attorney’s fees” unless the movant failed to attempt in good faith to obtain the

discovery without court action, the opposing party’s response or objection was substantially

justified, or other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(5).

Given the record, including Defendants multiple attempts to obtain discovery without

court intervention, and Plaintiffs’ failure to file any opposition to the instant Motion to Compel,

the Court will also award Defendant the recovery of reasonable expenses incurred in making the

instant motion, including attorney’s fees, pursuant to Rule 37(a)(5) of the Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure.

III. Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons,

IT IS ORDERED Defendant’s Motion to Compel (R. Doc. 11) is GRANTED. Plaintiff

must provide supplemental responses to Interrogatory Nos. 3, 4 and 5, and Request for

Production Nos. 4 and 6, as detailed above, within 7 days of the docketing of this Order or as

otherwise agreed upon by the parties.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendant is entitled to an award of the reasonable

attorney’s fees and costs incurred in bringing this Motion to Compel, and that Plaintiff shall be

responsible for such payment. In connection with this award, the parties are to do the following:

(1) If the parties are able to resolve this among themselves or otherwise agree to a

reasonable amount of attorney’s fees and costs, Plaintiff shall pay that amount;

(2) If the parties do not agree to a resolution, Defendant may, within 14 days of the

docketing of this Order, file a Motion for Fees and Costs pursuant to Rule 37, setting

forth the reasonable amount of costs and attorney’s fees (including evidentiary

support) incurred in obtaining this Order; and

(3) Plaintiff shall, within 7 days of the filing of Defendant’s Motion, file any opposition

pertaining to the imposition of the amounts requested by Defendant.

Signed in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on February 18, 2022.

S

RICHARD L. BOURGEOIS, JR.

U NITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE