The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA
MARQUETTE TRANSPORTATION COMPANY CIVIL ACTION
GULF-INLAND, LLC
VERSUS NO. 19-10927
NAVIGATION MARITIME BULGAREA et al. SECTION: “G”
ORDER AND REASONS
Pending before the Court is Third Party Defendant Crescent Towing & Salvage Co., Inc.’s
(“Crescent”) “Motion for Summary Judgment.”1 The instant motion was set for submission on
July 28, 2021.2 Pursuant to Local Rule 7.5, opposition to a motion must be filed eight days before
the noticed submission date. To date, no party has filed an opposition and the motion for summary
judgment is therefore deemed to be unopposed. This Court has the authority to grant an unopposed
motion, although it is not required to do so.3 Considering the motion, the memorandum in support,
the record, and the applicable law, for the reasons that follow, the Court grants the motion and
enters summary judgment in favor of Crescent.
I. Background
A. Factual Background
This litigation arises out of a collision between two vessels navigating the Mississippi River
near Chalmette, Louisiana.4 According to the Complaint, on January 3, 2019, Plaintiff Marquette
1 Rec. Doc. 76.
2 Rec. Doc. 76-10.
3 Edward H. Bohlin Co. v. Banning Co., 6 F.3d 350, 356 (5th Cir. 1993).
4 Rec. Doc. 1 at 2–3.
1
Transportation Company Gulf-Inland, LLC’s (“Plaintiff”) vessel, Kieffer Bailey (the “Bailey”),
was proceeding down the middle of the Mississippi River. Defendants Navigation Maritime
Bulgarea JSC and Balkan Navigation LTD’s (collectively, “Defendants”) vessel, M/V Strandja
(the “Strandja”), with the aid of the assist tug M/V Providence (the “Providence”), was conducting
un-anchoring operations.5 Plaintiff asserts that “inexplicably and completely unannounced,” the
Strandja steered directly into the Bailey’s navigational path.6 Plaintiff alleges that Defendants’
vessel struck and damaged Plaintiff’s vessel.7 Plaintiff’s crewmembers allegedly sustained
physical and emotional injuries.8
B. Procedural History
On June 6, 2019, Plaintiff filed a Complaint in this Court against Defendants.9 On June 21,
2019, Defendant Balkan Navigation answered the Complaint and filed a counterclaim against both
Plaintiff and the Bailey to recover damages incurred by the Strandja.10 On September 11, 2019,
Plaintiff answered the counterclaim and filed a third-party complaint against Crescent, the alleged
owner of the assist tug, M/V Providence (the “Providence”), that pulled Defendants’ vessel on the
5 Id.
6 Id.
7 Id. at 3.
8 Id.
9 Id. at 1.
10 Rec. Doc. 6.
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date of the collision.11 Plaintiff also filed a third-party complaint against the pilot of the tug, Robert
Johnson (“Johnson”).12
II. Crescent’s Arguments in Support of Its Motion for Summary Judgment
A. Crescent’s Uncontested Material Facts
Crescent submits the following uncontested material facts in support of its motion for
summary judgment.13 On January 3, 2019, Crescent’s assist tug, the Providence, was near the area
where the Strandja was anchored.14 Pilot Johnson boarded the Strandja as a compulsory pilot to
direct the un-anchoring operation.15 Johnson directed the Providence to position itself on the port
bow of the Strandja.16 The Providence complied and laid alongside the Strandja awaiting further
orders.17 Pilot Johnson gave no further orders to the captain or crew of the Providence.18 As the
Providence lay alongside the Strandja’s port bow, the crew noticed that the collision between the
Strandja and the Bailey was imminent.19 “[T]o protect the tug and its crew, [the Providence] peeled
back from the port bow of [the Strandja] just prior to the collision.”20 Crescent asserts that “[t]here
11 Rec. Doc. 17 at 11.
12 Id. at 6.
13 Rec. Doc. 76-2. Given that the motion is unopposed, the Court deems these facts admitted pursuant to
Local Rule 56.2. See EDLA Local Rule 56.2.
14 Rec. Doc. 76.2 at 1. Another tug owned by Crescent—the Point Clear—was also in the area. Id. However,
Pilot Johnson informed the two tugs that the Strandja ordered only one tug and the Point Clear departed. Id. at 2.
15 Id.
16 Id.
17 Id.
18 Id. See also Rec. Doc. 76-4 at 4 (Ex. 2 Deposition of Pilot Johnson).
19 Rec. Doc. 76-2 at 2.
20 Id.
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has been no testimony from any witness to the accident that [the Providence] played any role in
causing the collision.21
B. Arguments in Support of Summary Judgment
In support of summary judgment, Crescent argues that an assist tug under the orders of
another vessel is “not liable for a collision between the vessel whose authority it is under and a
third vessel absent some independent negligence on behalf of the tug.”22 Moreover, Crescent avers
that “[a]ssist tugs have a duty to follow orders of others rather than taking action on their own.”23
In support of this argument, Crescent asserts that there is no testimony showing any negligence on
the part of the Providence. Crescent points to Pilot Johnson’s testimony that the Providence
“followed his orders and instructions and did not contribute to the collision in any way.”24
Additionally, Crescent asserts that the captain and third officer of the Strandja testified that they
did not give any orders to the tug.25 The Strandja’s chief officer “was on the forecastle at the time
of the collision” and had no knowledge of what Providence was doing or any orders it received.26
Finally, Crescent submits that the captain of the Providence testified that he followed all orders of
Pilot Johnson.27 Accordingly, Crescent argues that it is entitled to summary judgment as a matter
21 Id.
22 Rec. Doc. 76-1 at 3 (citing Baker, Carver & Morrell Ship Supplies v. Mathiasen Co., 140 F.2d 522, 525
(2d Cir. 1944); The Stella, 278 F. 939, 940 (5th Cir. 1922); The Connecticut, 103 U.S. 710, 712 (1880); In re Walsh,
136 F. 557, 558–60 (5th Cir. 1905); Old Time Molasses Co. v. United States, 31 F.2d 963, 966 (5th Cir. 1929); Osprey
Ship Mgmt., Inc. v. Jackson Cnty. Port Auth., 2007 WL 4287708, at *4 (S.D. Miss. Dec. 4, 2007)).
23 Id. (quoting In re Can Do, Inc. I, 2004 WL 2216529, at *9 (E.D. La. Sept. 30, 2004) (Africk, J.)).
24 Id. at 5.
25 Id. at 2.
26 Id. at 2–3.
27 Id. at 3.
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of law because there is no genuine issue of material fact that the Providence contributed to the
collision.28
III. Legal Standard
Summary judgment is appropriate when the pleadings, the discovery, and any affidavits
show that “there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment
as a matter of law.”29 If the record, as a whole, could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the
non-moving party, then no genuine issue of fact exists and the moving party is entitled to judgment
as a matter of law.30 On a motion for summary judgment, the moving party bears the initial burden
of identifying those portions of the record that it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine
issue of material fact.31 Where the non-moving party bears the burden of proof at trial, as here, the
party moving for summary judgment may meet its burden by showing the Court that there is an
absence of evidence to support the non-moving party’s case.32 Thereafter, if the moving party
satisfies its initial burden, the burden shifts to the non-moving party to “identify specific evidence
in the record, and articulate” precisely how that evidence supports her claims.33
28 Id. at 5.
29 Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); see also Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322–23 (1986); Little v. Liquid Air
Corp., 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1994).
30 Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio, 475 U.S. 574, 586 (1986).
31 Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323.
32 Id. at 325.
33 Forsyth v. Barr, 19 F.3d 1527, 1537 (5th Cir. 1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 871 (1994); see also Morris v.
Covan World Wide Moving, Inc., 144 F.3d 377, 380 (5th Cir. 1998).
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IV. Analysis
It is well-settled law that an assist tug, following the orders of the vessel it is assisting, is
not liable for a collision absent a showing of negligence on the part of the tug.34 Here, the Court
finds that there is no issue of material fact that Crescent’s ship, the Providence, followed all orders
of the vessel it was assisting and did not contribute to the collision. In the Responses to Requests
for Admission, Pilot Johnson indicated that the Providence followed all of his orders.35 Likewise,
at his deposition, Pilot Johnson testified to the same and further testified that the Providence did
not contribute in any way to the collision.36 The captain of the Providence, Captain Michael
Gegenheimer, testified that he followed all orders of Pilot Johnson.37 Both the captain and the third
officer of the Strandja testified that they did not give any orders to the Providence.38 As a result,
the Court finds that Crescent’s unopposed motion for summary judgment has merit.
V. Conclusion
Given there is no genuine issue of material fact, summary judgment is appropriate. For the
reasons detailed above, the Court finds that Crescent’s tugboat, the Providence, is not liable for
the collision and Crescent is entitled to summary judgment. Accordingly,
34 In re Walsh, 136 F. at 560. See also Sturgis v. Boyer, 65 U.S. 110, 122 (1860); Moran Towing & Transp.
Co. v. Empresa Hondurena de Vapores, 194 F.2d 629, 632 (5th Cir. 1952); Old Time Molasses Co., 31 F.2d at 965;
The Stella, 278 F. at 940; United States v. Port of Portland, 300 F. 724, 727 (9th Cir. 1924).
35 Rec. Doc. 76-3 at 3 (Ex. 1 Resps. to Req. for Admis. of Pilot Johnson).
36 Rec. Doc. 76-4 at 5 (Ex. 2 Dep. of Pilot Johnson).
37 Rec. Doc. 76-5 at 1–2 (Ex. 3 Aff. of Capt. Michael Gegenheimer).
38 Rec. Doc. 76-6 at 3 (Ex. 4 Dep. of Capt. Kiril Karapanov); Rec. Doc. 76-7 at 2–3 (Ex. 5 Dep. of Third Off.
Viktor Kokoshyan).
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IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Third Party Defendant Crescent Towing & Salvage Co.,
Inc.’s “Motion for Summary Judgment”*? is GRANTED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff Marquette Transportation Company Gulf-
Inland, LLC’s claims against Third Party Defendant Crescent Towing & Salvage Co., Inc. are
DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, this26thday of August, 2021.
Merete Qubuntt. Bre
NANNETTE JOLIVETTE BROWN
CHIEF JUDGE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
3° Rec. Doc. 76.