Carter v. Illinois Gaming Board

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

EASTERN DIVISION

SAMEIDRA CARTER, )

)

Plaintiff, ) 18 C 7039

)

vs. ) Judge Gary Feinerman

)

ILLINOIS GAMING BOARD, MARK OSTROWSKI, )

KAREN WEATHERS, FRANK SPIZZIRI, RUBEN )

SANTIAGO, CHRIS MOORE, WILLIAM DOSTER, )

ZENIAH WARD, THOMAS HOBGOOD, AGOSTINO )

LORENZINI, and BETH DUESTERHAUS, )

)

Defendants. )

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

Sameidra Carter’s initial and amended complaints alleged that the Illinois Gaming Board

(“IGB”) and several of its employees and officers violated the First Amendment and the Illinois

State Officials and Employees Ethics Act, 5 ILCS 430/15-5 et seq., by retaliating against her for

complaining about discriminatory workplace conduct. Docs. 1, 14. The court dismissed without

prejudice the First Amendment claim under Civil Rule 12(b)(6) and stated that it would

relinquish its supplemental jurisdiction over the Illinois Ethics Act claim, see 28 U.S.C.

§ 1367(c)(3), if Carter did not replead a viable federal claim. Docs. 56-57 (reported at 2019 WL

6307650 (N.D. Ill. Nov. 25, 2019)).

Carter filed a second amended complaint, which repleads the First Amendment and

Ethics Act claims and adds a retaliation claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42

U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. Doc. 58. Defendants again move under Rule 12(b)(6) to dismiss. Doc.

66. The Illinois Ethics Act claim against the IGB and three of the individual defendants, and the

First Amendment retaliation claim in its entirety, are dismissed with prejudice, while the other

claims may proceed.

Background

In resolving a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the court assumes the truth of the operative

complaint’s well-pleaded factual allegations, though not its legal conclusions. See Zahn v. N.

Am. Power & Gas, LLC, 815 F.3d 1082, 1087 (7th Cir. 2016). The court must also consider

“documents attached to the complaint, documents that are critical to the complaint and referred

to in it, and information that is subject to proper judicial notice,” along with additional facts set

forth in Carter’s brief opposing dismissal, so long as those additional facts “are consistent with

the pleadings.” Phillips v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 714 F.3d 1017, 1020 (7th Cir. 2013)

(internal quotation marks omitted). The facts are set forth as favorably to Carter as those

materials allow. See Pierce v. Zoetis, Inc., 818 F.3d 274, 277 (7th Cir. 2016). In setting forth the

facts at the pleading stage, the court does not vouch for their accuracy. See Goldberg v. United

States, 881 F.3d 529, 531 (7th Cir. 2018).

The IGB is a state agency that enforces certain gaming laws in Illinois. Doc. 58 at ¶ 5.

In 2015, the IGB employed Carter as a Senior Special Agent at its Tinley Park office. Id. at

¶¶ 16-20. On September 28, 2015, IGB Master Sergeant Zeniah Ward addressed Carter in a

discriminatory and harassing manner. Id. at ¶¶ 12, 21-24. Carter complained about Ward’s

conduct to IGB Video Master Sergeant William Doster and IGB EEO Officer/Human Resources

Liaison Karen Weathers. Id. at ¶¶ 7, 11, 22-23. (Carter incorrectly identifies Weathers as an

“EEOC” officer and incorrectly characterizes her complaint to Weathers as an “EEOC

complaint.” Id. at ¶¶ 7, 23, 25. Weathers, who was not employed by the Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”), was an Equal Employment Opportunity (“EEO”) officer,

and Carter’s complaint to her was an EEO complaint. See Gnutek v. Ill. Gaming Bd., 2017 WL

2672296, at *1, 4 (N.D. Ill. June 21, 2017) (referring to Weathers as the IGB’s “EEO Officer”);

see also Hildebrandt v. Ill. Dep’t of Nat. Res., 347 F.3d 1014, 1022 (7th Cir. 2003) (same for an

equivalent officer at another Illinois state agency).)

As a result of her complaint about Ward, Carter was reassigned on October 6, 2015 to the

IGB’s Des Plaines office. Doc. 58 at ¶ 25. On December 30, 2015, Weathers told Carter that

Weathers had investigated her complaint and found no substantial evidence of discrimination.

Id. at ¶ 27. Because Ward was set to retire on December 31, 2015, Carter was ordered to return

to the Tinley Park office as of January 4, 2016. Id. at ¶ 28.

In the meantime, on November 13, 2015, when Carter was exiting her vehicle, IGB

employee Chris Moore approached and demanded that she tell him what happened between her

and Ward. Id. at ¶¶ 30-35. Three days later, Moore falsely told his supervisor that Carter had

opened her door into his state-owned vehicle. Id. at ¶¶ 38-40. On November 19, 2015, at the

request of a non-party supervisor, Carter submitted two memoranda regarding the incident with

Moore. Id. at ¶¶ 41-43. The IGB began an investigation of Carter, which Doster concluded on

February 5, 2016. Id. at ¶¶ 44-46. The IGB scheduled a pre-disciplinary hearing for March 10,

2016 to address allegations that Carter had damaged a state vehicle, engaged in conduct

unbecoming, falsified documents, and lied to a sworn law enforcement officer. Id. at ¶¶ 46-48.

Two days before the scheduled hearing, the IGB approved Carter’s being placed on

medical leave due to her high-risk pregnancy, and the next day told her that the pre-disciplinary

hearing would be rescheduled upon her return to work in May 2017. Id. at ¶¶ 49-53. During her

absence, IGB Supervisor Ruben Santiago completed an evaluation of Carter, in which he stated

that Carter did not return to work as of March 8, 2017. Id. at ¶¶ 8, 53-54. Upon her return to

work in May 2017, Carter was notified that the pre-disciplinary hearing would occur on May 26,

2017. Id. at ¶ 55.

In addition to the matters arising from her interaction with Moore, Carter was charged

with “disclosing confidential [information].” Id. at ¶¶ 56-57. Carter and Thomas Hobgood

interviewed an applicant together on September 22, 2015, and Hobgood falsely told supervisors

that Carter had disclosed to the interviewee a confidential report. Id. at ¶¶ 58-62. Carter in fact

had not disclosed the confidential report, and the IGB did not press the issue regarding that

incident until after Carter complained about Ward. Id. at ¶¶ 57, 61-62. IGB Labor Relations

Liaison Beth Duesterhaus “was part of a multidisciplinary team tasked with preparing the second

set of charges” against Carter. Id. at ¶¶ 14, 63-64.

After returning to work, Carter sent IGB Gaming Operations Officer Agostino Lorenzini,

in his role as designated EEO officer, a formal complaint of further harassment. Id. at ¶¶ 10, 65-

66. (As with Weathers, Carter incorrectly refers to Lorenzini as the IGB’s “EEOC” officer. Id.

at ¶ 66.) Lorenzini did not address Carter’s complaint during the following three weeks. Id. at

¶ 67. On June 6, 2017, Carter was placed on suspension pending termination. Id. at ¶ 69. She

was terminated effective July 3, 2017. Ibid.

On July 20, 2017, Carter filed a charge with the EEOC alleging retaliation for

complaining about discrimination, and the EEOC issued a right-to-sue letter on July 21, 2017.

Id. at ¶¶ 70-71. The Illinois Department of Human Rights (“IDHR”) did not complete its

investigation within one year and issued Carter a right-to-sue letter on July 23, 2018. Id. at

¶¶ 72-74. Carter commenced this suit on October 19, 2018, and she would have done so sooner

but for a bad faith settlement and reinstatement offer from the IGB, which the IGB retracted after

Carter had accepted it verbally. Id. at ¶¶ 75-77.

Discussion

I. First Amendment Retaliation Claim

Carter’s First Amendment claim alleges that the individual defendants—Santiago, Mark

Ostrowski, Frank Spizziri, Lorenzini, Doster, Moore, Hobgood, Weathers, Duesterhaus, and

Ward—retaliated against her for complaining about the discriminatory and harassing conduct she

allegedly suffered at work. “To establish a claim for retaliation in violation of the First

Amendment, a public employee first must prove that her speech is constitutionally protected.”

Kubiak v. City of Chicago, 810 F.3d 476, 481 (7th Cir. 2016). Defendants contend that Carter’s

complaints about that conduct are not protected First Amendment speech. Doc. 67 at 5-7; Doc.

71 at 2-4. “The determination of whether speech is constitutionally protected is a question of

law.” Kubiak, 810 F.3d at 481.

“For a public employee’s speech to be protected under the First Amendment, the

employee must show that (1) [she] made the speech as a private citizen, (2) the speech addressed

a matter of public concern, and (3) [her] interest in expressing that speech was not outweighed

by the state’s interests as an employer in promoting effective and efficient public service.”

Swetlik v. Crawford, 738 F.3d 818, 825 (7th Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks omitted); see

also Garcetti v. Ceballos, 547 U.S. 410, 417 (2006) (“[T]he First Amendment protects a public

employee’s right, in certain circumstances, to speak as a citizen addressing matters of public

concern.”). Thus, “when public employees make statements pursuant to their official duties, the

employees are not speaking as citizens for First Amendment purposes, and the Constitution does

not insulate their communications from employer discipline.” Kubiak, 810 F.3d at 481 (quoting

Garcetti, 547 U.S. at 421). “Determining the official duties of a public employee requires a

practical inquiry into what duties the employee is expected to perform, and is not limited to the

formal job description.” Ibid. (internal quotation marks omitted).

For an employee’s speech to fall outside the First Amendment’s scope, it is not enough

that the speech took place “inside [an] office, rather than publicly,” or that it “concerned the

subject matter of [the plaintiff’s] employment.” Garcetti, 547 U.S. at 420-21; see also Bivens v.

Trent, 591 F.3d 555, 561 (7th Cir. 2010) (“[T]he fact that … speech was entirely internal does

not itself render the speech unprotected … .”) (citing Givhan v. W. Line Consol. Sch. Dist., 439

U.S. 410, 415-16 (1979)). The key question, rather, is whether the speech was made “pursuant

to [the employee’s] official duties,” Garcetti, 547 U.S. at 420-21—that is, whether the speech

“owe[d] its existence to a public employee’s professional responsibilities,” id. at 421-22.

Settled precedent establishes the following regarding whether a public employee’s report

of official wrongdoing is protected First Amendment speech. If the public employee reports

official misconduct in the manner directed by official policy, to a supervisor or an external body

with formal oversight responsibility, then the employee speaks pursuant to her official duties and

her speech is unprotected by the First Amendment. See Roake v. Forest Pres. Dist. of Cook

Cnty., 849 F.3d 342, 346-47 (7th Cir. 2017) (where a police officer complained to his employer

about racial profiling and unlawful disciplinary action); Kubiak, 810 F.3d at 481-82 (where a

police officer reported to her supervisor, her office director, and the Internal Affairs Division that

a colleague “verbally assaulted” her); Fairley v. Andrews, 578 F.3d 518, 522 (7th Cir. 2009)

(where Cook County Jail guards filed internal complaints in the manner required by jail policy);

Tamayo v. Blagojevich, 526 F.3d 1074, 1091 (7th Cir. 2008) (where an IGB administrator

reported agency misconduct to “a legislative committee responsible for overseeing the [IGB’s]

activities”); Vose v. Kliment, 506 F.3d 565, 570-71 (7th Cir. 2007) (where a police sergeant

reported misconduct to his supervisors); Sigsworth v. City of Aurora, 487 F.3d 506, 511 (7th Cir.

2007) (where a detective reported misconduct to his supervisor, as required by established

policy); Spiegla v. Hull, 481 F.3d 961, 965-67 (7th Cir. 2007) (where a correctional officer

reported violations of prison security rules to a supervisor, consistent with official policy). By

contrast, if an employee testifies about misconduct to a jury or grand jury, or reports misconduct

outside official channels or in violation of official policy, she speaks as a private citizen and her

speech may be constitutionally protected. See Kristofek v. Vill. of Orland Hills, 832 F.3d 785,

793-94 (7th Cir. 2016) (where a police officer reported improperly voided citations to fellow

officers and to an outside agency despite lacking the express obligation to do so); Chrzanowski v.

Bianchi, 725 F.3d 734, 739-40 (7th Cir. 2013) (where a county prosecutor testified under

subpoena before a grand jury and at trial regarding alleged wrongdoing by his supervisors);

Chaklos v. Stevens, 560 F.3d 705, 709-12 (7th Cir. 2009) (where Illinois State Police (“ISP”)

employees protested an ISP contract award to an ISP procurement official, rather than to the

individuals—the Attorney General of Illinois and the chief procurement officer—required by the

Illinois Procurement Code); Houskins v. Sheahan, 549 F.3d 480, 491 (7th Cir. 2008) (where a

county jail social worker reported to the city police, and not to the county sheriff, that a county

correctional officer hit her).

Given this precedent, Carter’s internal complaints about the discriminatory and harassing

conduct she allegedly suffered at work are not constitutionally protected. Carter’s internal

complaints—in 2015 to Doster and Weathers, and in 2017 to Lorenzini, Doc. 58 at ¶¶ 22-24, 65-

66—were made through the appropriate chain of command to IGB officials charged with

relevant oversight authority, and thus are akin to the complaints held in Roake, Kubiak, Fairley,

Vose, Sigsworth, and Spiegla to fall outside the First Amendment’s scope. See Tamayo, 526

F.3d at 1091 (holding that “reports by government employees to their superiors concerning

alleged wrongdoing in their government office [a]re within the scope of their job duties”). It

follows that Carter’s First Amendment retaliation claim fails as a matter of law insofar as it rests

on those internal complaints.

An independent ground for holding Carter’s internal complaints constitutionally

unprotected is that they did not address a matter of public concern. “[P]ublic concern is

something that is a subject of legitimate news interest; that is, a subject of general interest and of

value and concern to the public at the time of publication.” Craig v. Rich Twp. High Sch. Dist.

227, 736 F.3d 1110, 1116 (7th Cir. 2013) (alteration in original) (quoting City of San Diego v.

Roe, 543 U.S. 77, 83-84 (2004)).

Carter alleges that “[t]he basis of [her] complaint [to Doster and Weathers] was that

Ward’s behavior … was discriminatory and harassing.” Doc. 58 at ¶ 24; see also id. at ¶ 65

(alleging that Carter complained to Lorenzini about “further harassment”). In her opposition

brief, Carter contends that “[d]iscriminatory and harassing behavior towards an employee, by a

public official … is certainly a matter of public interest.” Doc. 70 at 3. But as explained in the

court’s earlier opinion, 2019 WL 6307650, at *4, Kubiak expressly rejected the proposition “that

speech involving police departments and misconduct of officers is always a matter of public

concern,” instead explaining that “when analyzing the content of the speech, … [the court] must

… focus on the particular content of the speech,” 810 F.3d at 483. And Kubiak held that where,

as here, a government employee complains that a fellow employee, in connection with

workplace interactions, treated her in an improper manner, the speech does not qualify as a

matter of public concern. Id. at 483-84; see also Kristofek, 712 F.3d at 986 (reaffirming that

speech designed “simply to further a purely personal grievance … does not involve a matter of

public concern”); Gross v. Town of Cicero, 619 F.3d 697, 706 (7th Cir. 2010) (“Purely personal

grievances do not garner First Amendment protection, including personal grievances about

sexual harassment in the workplace.”) (citations omitted). Carter accordingly does not state a

viable First Amendment retaliation claim arising from her internal complaints about harassment

because those complaints did not involve a matter of public concern.

Nor can Carter’s 2017 EEOC charge predicate a First Amendment retaliation claim.

Even if an EEOC charge can be protected speech, Carter filed her charge on July 20, 2017, Doc.

58 at pp. 16, 18, after her July 3, 2017 termination and thus after any of the alleged retaliatory

conduct occurred. Carter’s EEOC charge therefore cannot form the basis of a First Amendment

retaliation claim. See Diadenko v. Folino, 741 F.3d 751, 756 (7th Cir. 2013) (holding that the

plaintiff’s First Amendment retaliation claim failed when there was no evidence that her

protected speech was “a motivating factor” for the alleged retaliation).

Carter’s First Amendment retaliation claim is dismissed, and because she has already had

an opportunity to replead that claim, the dismissal is with prejudice. See Bausch v. Stryker

Corp., 630 F.3d 546, 562 (7th Cir. 2010) (“Generally, if a district court dismisses for failure to

state a claim, the court should give the party one opportunity to try to cure the problem … .”).

II. Title VII Retaliation Claim

Defendants contend that Carter’s Title VII claim is time-barred on two grounds: (1) she

failed to file an EEOC charge within 300 days of the alleged discriminatory action; and (2) she

failed to bring her Title VII claim within 90 days of her receipt of a right-to-sue letter. Doc. 67

at 10-11. “Dismissing a complaint as untimely at the pleading stage is an unusual step, since a

complaint need not anticipate and overcome affirmative defenses, such as the statute of

limitations.” Sidney Hillman Health Ctr. of Rochester v. Abbott Labs., Inc., 782 F.3d 922, 928

(7th Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted). That said, “dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) …

is appropriate if the complaint contains everything necessary to establish that the claim is

untimely.” Tobey v. Chibucos, 890 F.3d 634, 645 (7th Cir. 2018) (internal quotation marks

omitted). Thus, to warrant dismissal on limitations grounds, “the plaintiff must affirmatively

plead himself out of court; the complaint must plainly reveal that the action is untimely.” Chi.

Bldg. Design, P.C. v. Mongolian House, Inc., 770 F.3d 610, 614 (7th Cir. 2014) (alterations and

internal quotation marks omitted); see also Hyson USA, Inc. v. Hyson 2U, Ltd., 821 F.3d 935,

939 (7th Cir. 2016) (“[B]ecause affirmative defenses frequently turn on facts not before the court

at the pleading stage, dismissal is appropriate only when the factual allegations in the complaint

unambiguously establish all the elements of the defense.”) (alteration, citations, and internal

quotation marks omitted).

Defendants first contend that Carter’s claim is time-barred because she filed her

administrative charges more than 300 days after the allegedly unlawful conduct occurred. A

plaintiff in Illinois who wishes to bring a Title VII claim must first file an administrative charge

within 300 days of the alleged unlawful employment practice. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e);

Boston v. U.S. Steel Corp., 816 F.3d 455, 463 (7th Cir. 2016); Bass v. Joliet Pub. Sch. Dist. No.

86, 746 F.3d 835, 839 (7th Cir. 2014). Failure to file a charge within that time renders the claim

untimely. See Boston, 816 F.3d at 463. Carter filed her administrative charges on July 20, 2017.

Doc. 58 at pp. 16, 18. In Defendants’ view, “[t]he alleged discriminatory conduct … occurred

on or around October 1, 2015 and November 19, 2015, well outside the 300 day requirement.”

Doc. 67 at 11. This argument fails to acknowledge that Carter also challenges her June 2017

suspension and July 2017 termination. Doc. 58 at ¶ 69; id. at pp. 16, 18. Because the suspension

and termination occurred fewer than 300 days before Carter filed her administrative charges, her

Title VII claim is not time-barred on this ground.

Defendants concede that Carter brought “her original complaint in this action on October

19, 2018,” within the 90-day window after receiving the IDHR right-to-sue letter, but contend

that her Title VII claim is nonetheless time-barred because her “original complaint and her First

Amended Complaint did not bring a Title VII [claim].” Doc. 67 at 11. A Title VII plaintiff must

file suit within 90 days of receiving a right-to-sue letter. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(1)

(“[W]ithin ninety days after the giving of such notice[,] a civil action may be brought against the

respondent named in the charge … .”); Lee v. Cook Cnty., 635 F.3d 969, 971 (7th Cir. 2011)

(“The EEOC issued right-to-sue letters …, and recipients have 90 days to commence

litigation.”). Because Defendants acknowledge that Carter’s Title VII claim would have been

timely had she included it in her original complaint, the Title VII claim she raised for the first

time in her second amended complaint is timely if it relates back to her original complaint under

Rule 15(c)(1)(B). See Luevano v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 722 F.3d 1014, 1030 (7th Cir. 2013)

(holding that a Title VII retaliation claim included for the first time in the plaintiff’s third

amended complaint would relate back to the initial complaint so long as the amendment was

permitted by Rule 15(a)); see also Smith v. Union Pac. R.R., Co., 564 F. App’x 845, 847 (7th

Cir. 2014) (citing Luevano and holding that, for purposes of the 90-day limitations period, the

“amended complaint asserted a claim arising out of the defendant[s’] conduct set out in the

original pleading and relate[d] back to [the plaintiff’s] timely filed original complaint”). Here,

because the underlying conduct alleged in the second amended complaint is the same as the

underlying conduct alleged in the original complaint, the Title VII claim added for the first time

in the second amended complaint relates back to the original complaint. And even if this

reasoning were subject to challenge, Defendants do not address the relation back doctrine, Doc.

67 at 11, thus forfeiting the point for purposes of their motion to dismiss. See G & S Holdings

LLC v. Cont’l Cas. Co., 697 F.3d 534, 538 (7th Cir. 2012) (“We have repeatedly held that a party

waives an argument by failing to make it before the district court. That is true whether it is an

affirmative argument in support of a motion to dismiss or an argument establishing that dismissal

is inappropriate.”) (citations omitted).

III. Illinois Ethics Act Claim

Defendants contend that Carter “cannot assert a claim for relief under the Ethics Act

against [the] IGB in federal court.” Doc. 67 at 10. Carter “admits that states and state entities

have sovereign immunity,” Doc 70 at 6, and does not otherwise counter Defendants’ argument,

thereby forfeiting the point. See G & S Holdings LLC, 697 F.3d at 538; Alioto v. Town of

Lisbon, 651 F.3d 715, 721 (7th Cir. 2011) (“Our system of justice is adversarial, and our judges

are busy people. If they are given plausible reasons for dismissing a complaint, they are not

going to do the plaintiff’s research and try to discover whether there might be something to say

against the defendants’ reasoning.”) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Boogaard v.

NHL, 891 F.3d 289, 294-96 (7th Cir. 2018) (affirming the district court’s holding that the

plaintiffs forfeited their claims by failing to respond to the defendant’s argument under Rule

12(b)(6) that they failed to state a claim). Carter’s Ethics Act claim against the IGB accordingly

is dismissed, and the dismissal is with prejudice. See Cooper v. Ill. Dep’t of Human Servs., 758

F. App’x 553, 554 (7th Cir. 2019) (holding that dismissal on Eleventh Amendment grounds

should be with prejudice).

Defendants next contend that the Ethics Act claim should be dismissed as to Ward,

Spizziri, Santiago, Duesterhaus, and Weathers because Carter does not allege that those

defendants engaged in retaliatory action against her. Doc. 67 at 7. The Ethics Act defines

“[r]etaliatory action” as “the reprimand, discharge, suspension, demotion, denial of promotion or

transfer, or change in the terms or conditions of employment of any State employee, that is taken

in retaliation for a State employee’s involvement in protected activity, as set forth in Section 15-

10.” 5 ILCS 430/15-5. Carter does not counter Defendants’ argument as to Spizziri,

Duesterhaus, or Weathers, thereby forfeiting the point. See Boogaard, 891 F.3d at 294-96; G &

S Holdings LLC, 697 F.3d at 538; Alioto, 651 F.3d at 721. Accordingly, the Ethics Act claim is

dismissed as to Spizziri, Duesterhaus, and Weathers, and the dismissal is with prejudice given

Carter’s forfeiture. See Baker v. Chisom, 501 F.3d 920, 926 (8th Cir. 2007) (affirming the

dismissal with prejudice of a claim where the plaintiff “failed to defend that claim or to urge that

it be dismissed without prejudice”).

As for Ward, Defendants argue that she could not have participated in any retaliatory

action because she “was not an employee of the IGB when [Carter] was suspended, terminated,

or stripped of her police power.” Doc. 67 at 8. Carter responds that “[i]t is plausible that Ward

had something to do with [Carter’s] transfer” to the Des Plaines office, particularly since Carter

was able to return to Tinley Park shortly after Ward announced her retirement. Doc. 70 at 6.

Defendants reply that even if Ward was involved, Carter’s reassignment was not a retaliatory

action because she does not allege it was unfavorable. Doc. 71 at 4. That argument fails, at least

at this juncture, because the pleadings do not definitively answer whether the Des Plaines office

was viewed as an unfavorable assignment compared to the Tinley Park office.

As for Santiago, who is alleged to have written in his evaluation of Carter that she “failed

to return [to] work dating from March 8, 2017,” even though her maternity leave was scheduled

to end in May 2017, Doc. 58 at ¶¶ 53-54, Defendants argue that “[d]escribing a fact in an

evaluation is not a retaliatory action.” Doc. 67 at 8. Carter responds that “Santiago falsely

indicated that [Carter] had not returned from work in March of 2017, even though [she] was not

scheduled to return to work until May,” and that “[i]t is plausible that Santiago did so because

he” was friends with Ward, the subject of Carter’s 2015 internal complaints. Doc. 70 at 6.

Defendants reply that this is “purely speculative” and that there is no “plausible inference that

these supposed actions led to any adverse action toward [Carter].” Doc. 71 at 4-5. But

Santiago’s evaluation was undertaken just before Carter’s pre-disciplinary hearing, Doc. 58 at

53-55, and a reasonable inference at this stage is that the negative evaluation played a role in

her termination. See Wagner v. Dep’t of Commerce & Econ. Opportunity, 2019 WL 4865565, at

*12 Cll. App. Oct. 1, 2019) (considering an Ethics Act claim where the plaintiff challenged as a

retaliatory action a negative performance evaluation that preceded his termination).

Conclusion

Defendants’ motion to dismiss is granted in part and denied in part. Carter’s First

Amendment retaliation claim is dismissed with prejudice, as is her Illinois Ethics Act claim

against the IGB, Spizziri, Duesterhaus, and Weathers. Defendants shall answer the surviving

portions of the operative complaint by April 29, 2020.

eh tt

April 2, 2020

United States District Judge

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