“Prosecutors are absolutely immune for actions they undertake in their capacities as prosecutors, even including malicious prosecution unsupported by probable cause.”
How later courts described this case
- “Prosecutors are absolutely immune for actions they undertake in their capacities as prosecutors, even including malicious prosecution unsupported by probable cause.”
- probation officers are entitled to absolute immunity from a civil lawsuit for initiating revocation proceedings
- judicial immunity shields judges from civil actions for their judicial acts unless they have acted in the clear absence of jurisdiction
- when judgment for the plaintiff “would necessarily imply the invalidity of his conviction or sentence, ... the complaint must be dismissed unless the plaintiff can demonstrate that the conviction or sentence has already been invalidated.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
ROBERT ASTRAMSKY, JR., )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
vs. ) Case No. 23-2146
)
JEFFREYGEISLER, et al., )
)
Defendants. )
MERIT REVIEW ORDER
Plaintiff, proceeding pro se, files a Complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 alleging that his
constitutional rights were violated while he was detained at the Macon County Jail (“Jail”). (Doc.
1). The case is now before the Court for a merit review of Plaintiff’s claims. The Court must
“screen” Plaintiff’s Complaint, and through such process, identify and dismiss any legally
insufficient claim, or the entire action if warranted. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. A claim is legally
insufficient if it “(1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be
granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief.” Id.
In reviewing the Complaint, the Court accepts the factual allegations as true, liberally
construing them in Plaintiff’s favor. See Turley v. Rednour, 729 F.3d 645, 649 (7th Cir. 2013).
However, conclusory statements and labels are insufficient. Enough facts must be provided to
“‘state a claim for relief that is plausible on its face.’” Alexander v. United States, 721 F.3d 418,
422 (7th Cir. 2013) (quoted cite omitted).
Plaintiff files suit against the following Defendants: Circuit Judge Jeffrey Geisler, State’s
Attorney Timothy Tighe, Macon County Probation Officer Marletta Wilder, Macon County
Correctional Officer Greg Gressaman, and Public Defenders Chris Ameno and Kaleb Brown.
Plaintiff alleges Defendant Tighe charged him with aggravated battery with a deadly
weapon despite having no proof, detained him for over fourteen months, and deprived him of his
right to a speedy trial within 120 days. Defendant Tighe is immune from this lawsuit. Archer v.
Chisholm, 870 F.3d 603, 612 (7th Cir. 2017) (“Prosecutors are absolutely immune for actions they
undertake in their capacities as prosecutors, even including malicious prosecution unsupported by
probable cause.”).
Plaintiff claims that his public defender, Defendant Ameno, was ineffective. Plaintiff
named public defender Kaleb Brown as a Defendant, but he did not include any allegations
pertaining to him in the body of his Complaint. Plaintiff cannot sue Defendants Ameno and Brown
under § 1983 because they are not acting “under color of state law in exercising [their] professional
judgment in a criminal proceeding.” Polk Cnty. v. Dodson, 454 U.S. 312, 324 (1981); Srivastava
v. Newman, 12 F. App'x 369, 373 (7th Cir. 2001).
Plaintiff claims that Defendant Wilder, a probation officer, violated his due process rights
during a criminal bench trial (Case No. 20-CF-429) on September 14, 2021, because he did not
commit any criminal offenses in violation of the conditions of his probation. Plaintiff alleges that
Defendant Judge Geisler was biased during the bench trial and defamed his character. Defendants
Wilder and Geisler are also immune from this lawsuit. Copus v. City of Edgerton, 151 F.3d 646,
649 (7th Cir. 1998) (probation officers are entitled to absolute immunity from a civil lawsuit for
initiating revocation proceedings); Brokaw v. Mercer Cnty., 235 F.3d 1000, 1015 (7th Cir.
2000) (judicial immunity shields judges from civil actions for their judicial acts unless they have
acted in the clear absence of jurisdiction).
Plaintiff alleges that he is innocent, but he cannot challenge the validity of his incarceration
in this action. Plaintiff does not specifically ask for release, but his allegations necessarily
challenge the legality of his incarceration. That challenge must first be pursued in Plaintiff’s
criminal cases, direct appeals in the criminal cases, and then possibly collateral attacks through the
federal habeas route. See Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 487 (1994) (when judgment for the
plaintiff “would necessarily imply the invalidity of his conviction or sentence, ... the complaint
must be dismissed unless the plaintiff can demonstrate that the conviction or sentence has already
been invalidated.”).
Finally, Plaintiff alleges that he was abused by Defendant Gressaman, a Correctional
Officer at the Macon County Jail, in July 2020. Plaintiff did not include any further allegations
about the alleged abuse in his Complaint. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 states complaints must
include “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed.
R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). “[T]he essential function of a complaint under the civil rules...is to put the
defendant on notice of the plaintiff’s claim.” Davis v. Ruby Foods, Inc., 269 F.3d 818, 820 (7th
Cir. 2001). Plaintiff’s Complaint fails to provide this notice.
Plaintiff's Complaint is dismissed without prejudice as barred by Heck and for failure to
state a claim. The Court will allow Plaintiff one opportunity to file an Amended Complaint within
thirty days of this Order. Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint must stand complete on its own and must
not refer to his previous Complaint. If Plaintiff fails to file a timely Amended Complaint, his case
will be dismissed without prejudice.
MOTION TO REQUEST COUNSEL
Plaintiff filed a Motion to Request Counsel asking the Court to appoint pro bono counsel
to represent him. (Doc. 5). “There is no right to court-appointed counsel in federal civil litigation.”
Olson v. Morgan, 750 F.3d 708, 711 (7th Cir. 2014). Before appointing counsel, the Court must
first determine if Plaintiff made a reasonable attempt to secure counsel on his own, or conversely,
if he has been precluded from doing so. Pruitt v. Mote, 503 F.3d 647, 655 (7th Cir. 2007). This
typically requires submitting letters from several attorneys declining assistance and copies any
documents that show Plaintiff tried to find an attorney. Olson, 750 F.3d at 711. Plaintiff attached
only two letters from attorneys who declined to represent him. The Court finds that Plaintiff did
not make a reasonable attempt to find his own attorney. Plaintiff’s Motion to Request Counsel is
DENIED, with leave to renew. If Plaintiff renews his motion, he is directed to attach copies of
additional letters he sent to or received from prospective counsel and list the attorneys or law firms
he contacted.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED:
1) Plaintiff's Complaint is dismissed without prejudice as barred by Heck v. Humphrey,
512 U.S. 477 (1994), and for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 12(b)(6) and 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. Plaintiff shall have one opportunity to file
an Amended Complaint within 30 days of this Order. Plaintiff's Amended Complaint
will replace Plaintiff's Complaint in its entirety. The Amended Complaint must
contain all allegations against all Defendants. Piecemeal amendments are not
accepted. If Plaintiff fails to file a timely Amended Complaint, this case will be
dismissed without prejudice.
2) Plaintiff's Motion to Request Counsel [5] is DENIED.
3) The Clerk is directed to provide Plaintiff with a blank Section 1983 complaint form
for his assistance.
ENTERED: 11/6/2023
s/ James E. Shadid
James E. Shadid
United States District Judge