The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
PEORIA DIVISION
BRYAN K. WARREN, )
)
Petitioner, )
)
v. )
) Civil Case No. 20-1275
)
J.C. STREEVAL, )
Warden, United States )
Penitentiary Lee, Virginia )
)
Respondent. )
ORDER AND OPINION
Before the Court is Petitioner Bryan K. Warren’s (“Petitioner”) Petition for Writ of Habeas
Corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. (D. 1). For the reasons set forth below, the Petition is
DISMISSED.
BACKGROUND
Petitioner is currently in the custody of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) and housed
at USP Lee in Pennington Gap, Virginia. (D. 17). In April 2019, Petitioner was sentenced by the
Eastern District of Missouri to 180 months in prison for conspiracy to distribute and possess with
intent to distribute methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846, and
possession of a firearm in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime in violation of 18 U.S.C. §
924(c)(1)(A). (D. 9-1, p. 8). In October 2019, he was transferred to the Federal Correctional
Institution in Pekin, Illinois (“FCI Pekin”). Id. at p. 12. Petitioner was at FCI Pekin when the events
giving rise to this Petition occurred and when his § 2241 Petition was filed with this Court.
In October 2019, a prosecuting attorney in Warren County, Missouri, requested the
Petitioner be transferred temporarily to state custody for a trial in December 2019. Id. at p. 33. On
December 19, 2019, Petitioner was transported by Warren County deputies from FCI Pekin to
Warren County Detention Center for a court writ scheduled on December 20, 2019. Id. at p. 34.
Prior to being transferred, Petitioner signed a BOP “Acknowledgement” regarding his release into
state custody, which stated:
I acknowledge that I am temporarily being transferred from federal to state custody
for purpose of trial on state charges. I am aware that State officials are to return me
to federal custody at the conclusion of my state trial.
I am also aware that State officials should not release me into the community. If I
am released by State authorities into the community, I am aware that my federal
sentence will not run, and that I will not receive credit for my federal sentence for
any period of time I am in the community following release by the State officials.
If State officials release me or transfer me to any facility, agency, or person other
than Federal, I agree to immediately call the following Bureau of Prisons official…
at the designated federal institution in which I am presently incarcerated as
indicated below.
(D. 9-1, p. 27). The “Acknowledgement” bore Petitioner’s name, BOP register number, and
signature; signature of a BOP staff witness; and the name and telephone number of the BOP official
to be contacted if he was released. Id. On December 19, 2019, the deputy from Warren County
who was transporting Petitioner also signed a “Release Authorization,” which stated in bold:
“Warning!!! This inmate is to be returned to FCI Pekin and is not to be released from custody
without written permission from the Warden.” Id. at p. 28.
On December 21, 2019, state authorities released Petitioner pursuant to a state bond until
his court date on January 15, 2020. Id. at p. 34. On December 23, 2019, FCI Pekin was notified
that Petitioner had been inadvertently released on bond. Id. Immediately, FCI Pekin issued a
“Notice of Escaped Federal Prisoner.” Id. Petitioner was arrested by the United States Marshals
Service (“USMS”) in the St. Louis, Missouri area on January 8, 2020, and returned to FCI Pekin
on February 10, 2020. Id. at 37. At no point did Petitioner notify the BOP that he had been released
from state custody.
FCI Pekin prepared an incident report charging Petitioner with “[e]scape from any
secure/non secure facility” in violation of Prohibited Act Code 102 of the BOP’s Inmate Discipline
Program. Id. at p. 14. The incident report was initially reviewed by a Unit Discipline Committee
(“UDC”), and due to the severity of the charges, the committee referred the charges to a Discipline
Hearing Officer (“DHO”). Id. Prior to the DHO hearing, Petitioner was given notification of the
charges and that he had the right to have a staff representative appear on his behalf and to call
witnesses at the hearing, which he declined. Id.
In deciding Petitioner’s case, the DHO considered the incident report; Petitioner’s signed
“Acknowledgement” that he would contact the BOP if the state released him; e-mails from the
USMS regarding Petitioner’s “escape” and arrest; and the following statements:
1) The e-mail from Mark Moore (USMS), which stated: “Warren is currently
being held at Ste Genevieve County Jail on the Escape Notification from BOP.
I intend to seek additional charges for Escape, along with Felon in Possession
of a Firearm and Ammunition at a later date.
2) Petitioner’s statement to investigating Lieutenant: “Why I am getting a shot, I
don’t remember doing anything.”
3) Petitioner’s statement during the UDC: “I am not guilty. Warren county jail
staff told me that I was able to bond out and return on Jan. 15 for my court date
and after conclusion of the case I would be sent back to the BOP. On Jan. 8, my
attorney told me it was a mistake to turn myself in. I did.”
4) Petitioner’s statement to DHO: “I never escaped they let me go on bond.”
(D. 9-1, p. 24).
While the DHO considered Petitioner’s denial of escape because he was able to bond out,
they ultimately found his testimony lacked credibility. Id. This was due to the fact that Petitioner
claimed he turned himself back in when his attorney advised him that he been released by mistake,
but he failed to provide any evidence in support of this claim, and the supporting documents from
the USMS showed that he had been found by the USMS in possession of a weapon. Id. As a result,
the DHO found the greater weight of evidence established that Petitioner had committed the
prohibited act of “escape” in violation of Code 102, and the following sanctions were imposed: (1)
forfeiture of 41 days good time credit; (2) 80 days of non-vested good time credit; (3) 30 days of
disciplinary segregation; (4) loss of 90 days commissary, email, and telephone privileges; and (5)
a $76.70 monetary fine.
After exhausting the administrative process, Petitioner now petitions this Court under §
2241 for a writ of habeas corpus to vacate the sanctions imposed by the DHO, expunge the incident
from his record, and order a security reclassification. Petitioner raises two issues in his pro se
Petition:
(1) that an escape never took place because he was allowed to post bond; and
(2) that FCI Pekin did not have jurisdiction to issue an incident report while he was in the
custody of a state facility. (D. 1).
Counsel was subsequently appointed to represent Petitioner on January 12, 2021 and filed a Reply
on his behalf. d/e 01/12/2021. In Petitioner’s Reply, his attorney did not adopt the argument that
there was no federal jurisdiction for the BOP to issue an incident report while Petitioner was in
state custody. (D. 21, p. 5). Petitioner’s counsel conceded that the BOP did not relinquish custody
of the Petitioner when it granted Missouri’s request for temporary physical custody of the
Petitioner, and agreed Petitioner remained in federal secondary custody at all times. Id. Therefore,
Petitioner’s counsel argues that the only remaining issue is whether Petitioner “knowingly or
intentionally escaped from custody.” Id.
LEGAL STANDARD
Before losing good credit time, an inmate must receive: “(1) advance written notice of the
disciplinary charges; (2) an opportunity, when consistent with institutional safety and correctional
goals, to call witnesses and present documentary evidence in his defense; and (3) a written
statement by the factfinder of the evidence relied on and the reasons for the disciplinary
action.” Superintendent, Mass. Correctional Institution, Walpole v. Hill, 472 U.S. 445, 454 (1985).
The Supreme Court has further held that procedural due process requires the decision of the prison
disciplinary board be supported by “some evidence.” Id.
The “some evidence” standard requires only that the decision not be arbitrary or without
support in the record. Hill, 472 U.S. at 457. In reviewing a decision for “some evidence,” courts
“are not required to conduct an examination of the entire record, independently assess witness
credibility, or weigh the evidence, but only determine whether the prison disciplinary board's
decision to revoke good time credits has some factual basis.” Id. at 455-56. This is a lenient
standard, requiring no more than “a modicum of evidence.” Webb v. Anderson, 224 F.3d 649, 652
(7th Cir. 2000) (quoting Hill, 472 U.S. at 455). It is not the court’s place to assess the comparative
weight of the evidence underlying the disciplinary board’s decision, only whether there is any
evidence in the record that could support the conclusion reached by the disciplinary board. Webb,
224 at 652.
DISCUSSION
Petitioner does not argue that the disciplinary proceedings lacked procedural protections,
but that the decision that an “escape” occurred is not supported by “some evidence”. The parties
agree that prior to Petitioner’s release into state custody he signed an “Acknowledgment,” which
stated in part: “I am also aware that State officials should not release me into the community” and
“If State officials release me or transfer me to any facility, agency, or person other than Federal, I
agree to immediately call the following Bureau of Prisons official….” (D. 9-1, p. 27). It is also
undisputed that Petitioner was released into the community for 18 days, and during that time he
never contacted the BOP to inform them that he had been released from state custody.
Petitioner argues that the offense of “escape” has a mens rea element and that there was no
evidence that he “knowingly” or “intentionally” escaped from custody because he was released on
state bond. (D. 21, pp. 5-6). In support of this position, Petitioner points to the signed
“Acknowledgement” that did not put him on notice that he would be considered an escapee if he
was allowed to bond out on state charges. Id. at p. 6. Specifically, the Petitioner points to the
second paragraph of the Acknowledgement which states:
I am also aware that State authorities should not release me into the community. If
I am released by State authorities into community, I am aware that my federal
sentence will not run, and that I will not receive credit for my federal sentence for
any period of time I am in the community by the State officials.
(D. 21, pp. 7-6 (citing D. 9-1, p. 27)). What Petitioner fails to recognize, is that the signed
Acknowledgement also states: “I am also aware that State authorities should not release me”, and
the following paragraph, which states: “If State officials release me or transfer me to any facility,
agency, or person other than Federal, I agree to immediately call the following Bureau of Prisons
official….” (D. 9-1, p. 27) (emphasis added). This put Petitioner on notice that (1) the State was
not to release him, and (2) if the State did release him, he was to immediately let the BOP know
of his release.
“Escape” is defined as a voluntary departure from custody with intent to avoid
confinement. 18 U.S.C. § 751; U.S. v. Nix, 501 F.2d 516, 517 (7th Cir. 1974). The Court finds that
the “Acknowledgment” put Petitioner on notice that he was required to immediately contact the
BOP if he was released from State custody, and his failure to do so qualifies as “some evidence”
from which a DHO could conclude that Petitioner was intentionally avoiding confinement and
therefore had “escaped.”
Additionally, while the Petitioner claims he does not recall signing the
“Acknowledgement,” the DHO found his testimony lacked credibility due to the inconsistencies
between his statements and the evidence produced by the USMS. (D. 9-1, p. 24). Specifically,
Petitioner claimed he turned himself back in after his attorney informed him that he had been
released by mistake; however, documents from the USMS state that they found Petitioner near St.
Louis, and he was in possession of a weapon when they arrested him. Id. As previously stated, it
is not this Court’s place to assess the comparative weight of the evidence or independently assess
witness credibility, but only to determine whether there is any evidence in the record that could
support the conclusion reached by the disciplinary board. Webb, 224 F.3d at 652 (emphasis added).
Therefore, this Court finds “some evidence” supports the DHO’s finding that an escape occurred,
and the BOP had the authority to impose sanctions.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated herein, Petitioner’s Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus under 28
U.S.C. § 2241 (D. 1) is DISMISSED. This matter is now TERMINATED. The Clerk of Court is
directed to close the case.
ENTERED April 1, 2021.
/s/ Michael M. Mihm
Michael M. Mihm
United States District Judge