stating, “it is well-established that an amended complaint 5 ||supersedes the original, the latter being treated thereafter as non-existent.”
How later courts described this case
- stating, “it is well-established that an amended complaint 5 ||supersedes the original, the latter being treated thereafter as non-existent.”
- requiring complaint to set forth sufficient factual 16 || allegations to establish “plausible” claim for relief as opposed to a mere “naked assertion 17 [a claim] . . . without some further factual enhancement ... .”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 || RODNEY ALEXANDER GRAVESBEY | Case No.: 3:19-cv-00372-CAB-RBM
17 || CDCR #E-20555,
Plaintiff,| REPORT AND
13 RECOMMENDATION OF U.S.
14 || MAGISTRATE JUDGE
OFFICER TOMICA BYRD-HUNT; C/O REGARDING DEFENDANT T.
|| NAVARRO; OFFICER P. COVELLO BYRD-HUNT’S MOTION TO
16 , DISMISS COUNT 3 OF THE
Defendants.| COMPLAINT [Doc. 12]
17
13 AND
19 SUA SPONTE ORDER REGARDING
50 PLAINTIFF’S FIRST AMENDED
COMPLAINT & GRANTING
21 PLAINTIFF LEAVE TO FILE
> SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT
[Docs. 22, 26, 28]
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26 [Does. 12, 22, 26, 28.]
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]
1 I. INTRODUCTION
2 Plaintiff Rodney Alexander Gravesbey (‘Plaintiff’), a California prisoner
3 || proceeding in pro per and in forma pauperis, filed a civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C.
4 || § 1983 (“Section 1983”) against several staff members at Richard J. Donovan Correctional
5 || Facility (“RJD”). (Docs. 1, 22, 26, 28.) Although this action is in the initial pleading stage,
6 ||a lengthy procedural posture ensued and is outlined in detail below. In short, the only
7 ||causes of action in the Complaint filed February 22, 2019 (“Initial Complaint”) which
8 ||survived a pre-answer screening are against Defendant T. Byrd-Hunt (“Byrd-Hunt’).
9 ||(Docs. 1, 3.) Byrd-Hunt subsequently filed a Motion to Dismiss Count 3 of the Initial
10 Complaint (“Initial MTD”). (Docs. 1, 12.) Thereafter, the undersigned granted Plaintiff
11 ||several extensions of time to file either an amended complaint or an opposition to the
12 ||Initial MTD. (Docs. 7, 15, 19, 21.)
13 At issue is Plaintiff's contemporaneous filing of three documents on August 30,
14 ||2019, two of which are accepted nunc pro tunc to August 30, 2019: a “Supplemental
15 |}Complaint [and] Amended Complaint” (“First Amended Complaint”); an “Opposition to
16 || Defendant[’s] Motion to Dismiss Count 3” (“Opposition to Initial MTD”); and a “First
17 || Amended Complaint and Opposition to Defendant[’s] Motion to Dismiss” (“Combined
18 || Amended Complaint & Opposition to Initial MTD”). (Docs. 22, 26, 28.) As to the latter
19 filings, the Clerk of Court submitted two separate Notice of Document Discrepancies
20 || to the undersigned based upon the duplicative nature of these filings and Plaintiff's failure
21 comply with Local Civil Rule 15.1(a) which requires an amended pleading to be
22 ||“complete in itself.” (Docs. 25, 27.)
23 While the two Notice of Document Discrepancies were pending a ruling by the
24 || undersigned, Byrd-Hunt filed a Motion to Dismiss the First Amended Complaint (“Second
25 ||MTD”). (Doc. 24.)
26 For the reasons outlined below, the undersigned Judge GRANTS Plaintiff leave to
27 a Second Amended Complaint in compliance with Civil Local Rule 15.1(a). As to
28 Byrd-Hunt’s Initial MTD, the undersigned Judge issues a Report and Recommendation
1 || pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Local Civil Rule 72.1(c)(1)(e). After a thorough
2 ||review of the Initial MTD and supporting documents, this Court respectfully recommends
3 Defendant Byrd-Hunt’s Initial MTD be DENIED, without prejudice. (Doc. 12.)
4 Il. STATEMENT OF FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
5 A. Initial Complaint
6 The Initial Complaint asserts, in part, Eighth Amendment violations for cruel and
7 |\}unusual punishment which are premised upon Byrd-Hunt’s alleged refusal to contact a
8 plumber to repair a clogged toilet in Plaintiff's cell. (Doc. 1, at 6.) The Initial Complaint
9 alleges Byrd-Hunt filed a false Rules Violation Report (“RVR”) in retaliation against
10 || Plaintiff. Ud.)
11 The Court’s April 4, 2019 order dismissed causes of action against Correctional
12 || Officer O. Navarro (“Navarro”) and Officer P. Covello in connection with a pre-answer
13 ||screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). (See generally Docs. 1, 3.) Thereafter,
14 || Plaintiff filed a Motion for Leave to File an Amended Complaint seeking to allege further
15 || causes of action against additional defendants. (Doc. 6.) On June 4, 2019, the undersigned
16 || granted Plaintiff leave to file an amended superseding pleading. (Doc. 7.)!
17 B. — Initial MTD .
18 On June 27, 2019, Byrd-Hunt filed an Initial MTD seeking to dismiss Count 3 of the
19 Initial Complaint including Plaintiff's claims asserting violations of the Eighth and
20 || Fourteenth Amendments. (Doc. 12.) Byrd-Hunt contends Plaintiff fails to state cognizable
21 claims for relief and argues entitlement to a qualified immunity defense. (Doc. 12, at 5-8.)
22 C. Court’s Orders on Plaintiff's Motions for Extension of Time
23 On July 1, 2019, Plaintiff filed a “Motion for Extension of Time,” which this Court
24 || construed as a motion for extension of time to file an amended complaint. (Docs. 14-15.)
25 || The Court granted Plaintiff an extension of time to file an amended superseding pleading
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a7 ' At the time the Court issued its order granting Plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint, it was not
28 || necessary for Plaintiff to seek leave of court because the timelines for amendment as a matter of course
had yet to expire. (Doc. 7, at 2; see also Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(a)(1).)
1 cautioned Plaintiff that if he failed to file an amended pleading by July 31, 2019, the
2 ||Court would proceed with issuing a Report and Recommendation on the Initial MTD.
3 ||(Doc. 15, at 4.) On July 30, 2019, Plaintiff filed a second motion for extension of time to
4 || file an amended complaint and/or opposition to the Initial MTD, which this Court granted.
5 ||(Docs. 16, 19.) The Court’s order explained that it was not necessary for Plaintiff to file
6 || both an amended pleading and opposition to the Initial MTD, explaining that an opposition
7 ||to the Initial MTD need only be filed “[t]o the extent Plaintiff elects not to file a First
8 Amended Complaint.” (Doc. 19, at 3.) Plaintiff subsequently filed a third motion for
9 || extension of time, and the Court granted Plaintiff up through August 30, 2019 to file either
10 ||a First Amended Complaint or an opposition to the Initial MTD. (Doc. 21, at 3-4.)
11 D. ‘Plaintiff's Response to Initial MTD
12 As set forth supra, Plaintiff filed a First Amended Complaint on August 30, 2019,
13 contemporaneously filed an Opposition to the Initial MTD and Combined Amended
14 || Complaint & Opposition to the Initial MTD. (Supra, p. 2; Docs. 22, 26, 28.) The latter
15 filings are accepted nunc pro tunc to August 30, 2019. (Docs. 25, 27.)
16 i. First Amended Complaint
17 Plaintiff's First Amended Complaint seeks to redress a litany of alleged
18 || Constitutional violations, including:
19 abuse of authority, sexual harassment, deprivation of a constitution[al] right to be
0 free from threat of violence, verbal sexual harassment, cruel and unusual
punishment . . . deliberate indifference, failure[] to [] protect, violation of the
21 Prison Rape Elimination Act... psychological harm, poor prison supervisors and
prison policies Lee violation of... equal protection for gender discrimination,
restriction of right to exercise of religious freely ... .
(Doc. 28, at 1:18-27.) However, the First Amended Complaint fails to include any factual
25 allegations to support any claimed Constitutional violation. Instead, it includes a
“Memorandum of Authority” containing citations to statutes, caselaw, regulations and
17 secondary authority and twenty-four pages of exhibits comprising of Plaintiff's mental
28 health records, inmate appeal forms and RVRs. (/d. at 2-6.)
l ii. Combined Amended Complaint & Opposition to Initial MTD
2 The Combined Amended Complaint & Opposition to Initial MTD intermingles
3 ||extensive factual allegations in support of Plaintiff's causes of action against Byrd-Hunt
4 || with legal argument opposing Byrd-Hunt’s Initial MTD. As indicated supra, although this
5 ||document was filed nunc pro tunc to August 30, 2019, the filing of this document was
6 || delayed due to filing discrepancies which were pending a ruling by the undersigned. Supra,
7 |\|p. 2. On September 23, 2019, the undersigned ordered the document to be filed
8 notwithstanding the discrepancies. (Doc. 27.)
9 The first eleven pages of this document are apparently Plaintiff's opposition brief to
10 ||Byrd-Hunt’s Initial MTD. (Doc. 28, at 1-11.) Plaintiff sets forth factual allegations in
11 || support of his Eighth Amendment claim. (/d. at 2.) Plaintiff claims Byrd-Hunt acted with
12 |/an intent to discriminate against Plaintiff in violation of the Equal Protection Clause,
13 ||committed acts of verbal harassment intended to humiliate or endanger Plaintiff and
14 || otherwise acted deliberately indifferent to his safety. (Ud. at 3-7.) Plaintiff also alleges
15 || Navarro assaulted him. (/d. at 11.) Plaintiff contends Byrd-Hunt’s Initial MTD should be
16 ||denied. Ud.)
17 Next, Plaintiff vaguely styles the next five pages of the document as his Complaint.
18 at 12-16.) Plaintiff alleges he was denied procedural due process relating to (1) Byrd-
19 || Hunt’s false RVR against Plaintiff, and (2) Plaintiff's grievance against Byrd-Hunt. (/d. at
20 || 14-16.)
21 Lastly, Plaintiff styled seven pages of this document as a “Memorandum of
22 || Authority,” wherein Plaintiff cites various caselaw to oppose Byrd-Hunt’s qualified
23 ||immunity defense. (/d. at 17-24.)
24 iii. | Opposition to Initial MTD
25 The filing of Plaintiff's Opposition to Initial MTD was also delayed due to filing
26 || discrepancies. On September 23, 2019, the undersigned accepted this document to be filed
27 ||nunc pro tunc to August 30, 2019. (Doc. 25.)
28 || ///
1 This document sets forth factual allegations claiming Byrd-Hunt violated Plaintiff
2 ||First Amendment rights, including denying Plaintiff the ability to attend religious services
3 committing acts in retaliation against Plaintiff. (Doc. 26, at 2-3.) Additionally.
4 ||Plaintiff asserts entirely new factual allegations evidencing violations of his Eighth
5 || Amendment rights, wherein Plaintiff claims Byrd-Hunt acted with deliberate indifference
6 || to a serious threat to Plaintiff's safety. (/d. at 6-8.)
7 E. Second MTD
8 At the time Byrd-Hunt filed her Second MTD on September 9, 2019, the only
9 ||amended pleading on file was Plaintiff's First Amended Complaint. (Docs. 22, 24.
10 || Although the Combined Amended Complaint & Opposition to Initial MTD and Opposition
11 || to the Initial MTD are accepted nunc pro tunc to August 30, 2019, these documents were
12 on file at the time Byrd-Hunt filed the Second MTD. (Docs. 26, 28.)
13 The Second MTD argues the First Amended Complaint lacks any factual allegations
14 ||to support any violation of Plaintiff's rights. (Doc. 24, at 2-4 (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v.
15 || Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555, 557 (2007) (requiring complaint to set forth sufficient factual
16 || allegations to establish “plausible” claim for relief as opposed to a mere “naked assertion
17 [a claim] . . . without some further factual enhancement ... .”).) Byrd-Hunt also
18 contends Plaintiff's failure to reallege his First and Eighth Amendment claims in the First
19 || Amended Complaint constitute a waiver of the claims which were originally asserted in
20 || the Initial Complaint. (Doc. 24, at 4.) Finally, Byrd-Hunt cites to Civil Local Rule 15.1(a)
21 || which requires an amended pleading to be complete in itself without reference to the
22 ||superseded pleading. (/d.) Based upon the foregoing deficiencies, Byrd-Hunt contends
23 ||the F irst Amended Complaint should be dismissed for failure to state a cognizable claim
24 || for relief.
25 Il. DISCUSSION
26 Plaintiff is a prisoner proceeding pro se. Thus, the Court must liberally construe
27 || Plaintiffs filings and it cannot hold muddled draftsmanship against Plaintiff. See Blaisdell!
28 || v. Frappiea, 729 F.3d 1237, 1241 (9th Cir. 2013).
1 A. First Amended Complaint Supersedes Initial Complaint
2 The Initial Complaint is no longer of any legal effect because the First Amended
3 || Complaint now supersedes the Initial Complaint. See Valadez-Lopez v. Chertoff, 656 F.3d
41/851, 857 (9th Cir. 2011) (stating, “it is well-established that an amended complaint
5 ||supersedes the original, the latter being treated thereafter as non-existent.”) (internal
6 || quotations and citations omitted). In circumstances where a plaintiff elects to file an
7 ||amended complaint, the district court may treat a previously-filed motion to dismiss on the
8 || initial complaint as moot. Collins v. Winex Investments, LLC, Case No. 08-cv-51-L-CAB,
9 2008 WL 92752*1 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 4, 2008); Hugler v. Euroamerican Propagators, LLC,
10 || Case No. 17-cv-00131-H-RBB, 2017 WL 6944474*1 (S.D. Cal. June 5, 2017). Given that
11 |/the Initial Complaint is no longer the operative pleading, the undersigned hereby
12 ||}recommends Byrd-Hunt’s Initial MTD be DENIED as moot.
13 B. —Construing Plaintiff's Duplicative Filings
14 Plaintiff styled the First Amended Complaint as a “supplemental complaint.” (Doc.
15 ||22.) However, the causes of action and factual allegations set forth in the Initial Complaint
16 || cannot incorporated by reference into the First Amended Complaint because this District’s
17 Civil Local Rules requires an amended complaint to be “complete in itself without
18 || reference to the superseded pleading.” CivLR 15.1(a). Solely examining Plaintiff's First
19 || Amended Complaint in isolation, the pleading is deficient because it merely asserts bare-
20 || bones allegations of Constitutional violations that are devoid of any factual allegations to
21 || support the claimed violations. (Doc. 22; see Fed.R.Civ.P. 8(a) (requiring short and plain
22 statement of claims showing pleader is entitled to relief); Twombly, supra p. 6, 550 U.S. at
23 |/555.)
24 Although the First Amended Complaint is deficient, Plaintiff's contemporaneous
25 || filings demonstrate a clear intent to set forth additional factual allegations and causes of
26 ||action against Byrd-Hunt by way of an amended, superseding pleading. Blaisdell, 729
27 ||F.3d at 1241. Given the liberal policy favoring amendments to pleadings and considering
28 || Plaintiffs pro se status, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff leave to file a Second Amended
1 ||Complaint in conformance with Civil Local Rule 15.1(a) and Rule 8 of the Federal Rules
2 || of Civil Procedure. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(a)(2) (stating, “[t]he court should freely give leave
3 || [to amend a pleading] when justice so requires.”); Gabrielson v. Montgomery Ward & Co.,
4 || 785 F.2d 762, 765 (9th Cir.1986) (stating, “the Supreme Court has instructed the lower
5 ||federal courts to heed carefully the command of Rule 15(a), Fled]. R. Civ. P.... .”)
6 || (internal quotations and citations omitted); U.S. v. Webb, 655 F.2d 977, 979 (9th Cir. 1981)
7 (stating, “[rJule 15’s policy of favoring amendments to pleadings should be applied with
8 ||extreme liberality.”) (internal quotations and citations omitted).
9 The Court CAUTIONS PLAINTIFF that BYRD-HUNT’S MOTION TO
10 || DISMISS THE FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT IS STILL PENDING. To the
11 extent Plaintiff elects to file a Second Amended Complaint, Plaintiff DOES NOT need to
12 a response in opposition to Byrd-Hunt’s Motion to Dismiss the First Amended
13 ||Complaint. However, UF Plaintiff FAILS TO TIMELY FILE A SECOND AMENDED
14 || COMPLAINT, the Court will proceed with issuing a Report and Recommendation on
15 || Byrd-Hunt’s Motion to Dismiss the First Amended Complaint.
16 IV. CONCLUSION
17 For the reasons discussed, the Court:
18 (1) Respectfully submits this Report and Recommendation to United States
19 || District Judge Cathy Ann Bencivengo pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Local Civil
20 Rule 72.1(c)(1)(e). For the reasons set forth above, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED
21 the Court issue an order (1) approving and adopting this Report and Recommendation;
22 (2) DENYING Defendant Byrd-Hunt’s Motion to Dismiss Count 3 of the Complaint
23 || without prejudice (Doc. 12).
24 (2) ORDERS that no later than OCTOBER 7, 2019, any parties to this action
25 || may file written objections to this Report and Recommendation with the Court and serve a
26 |icopy on all parties. The document should be captioned “Objections to Report and
27 Recommendation.”
28 (3) ORDERS that any reply to the objections shall be filed with the Court and
1 || served on all parties no later than OCTOBER 21,2019. The parties are advised that failure
2 ||to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to raise those objections on
3 ||appeal of the Court’s Order. See Turner v. Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 455 (9th Cir. 1998);
4 || Martinez v. Yist, 951 F.2d 1153, 1156 (9th Cir. 1991).
5 (4) GRANTS Plaintiff leave to file a Second Amended Complaint.
6 (5) DIRECTS the Clerk of Court to send Plaintiff a blank Civil Rights Act 42
7 U.S.C. § 1983 form Complaint.
8 (6) To the extent Plaintiff elects to file a Second Amended Complaint, Plaintiff is
9 || DIRECTED to use the blank form Complaint provided by the Clerk of Court AND allege
10 any and all claims against each Defendant in one pleading WITHOUT reference to any of
11 |/the superseded pleadings (i.e., the Initial Complaint or First Amended Complaint).
12 || Plaintiffis granted up through NOVEMBER 7, 2019 to file a Second Amended Complaint.
13 (7) GRANTS Plaintiff an extension of time to file an opposition to Byrd-Hunt’s
14 ||Motion to Dismiss the First Amended Complaint up through NOVEMBER 7, 2019.
15 || Plaintiff should file an opposition to Byrd-Hunt’s Motion to Dismiss the First Amended
16 || Complaint ONLY IF Plaintiff elects not to file a Second Amended Complaint.
17 IT ISSO ORDERED.
18 || DATE: September 23, 2019
19 Gfarm Mlatesge
20 . RUTH BE EZ MONTENEGRO
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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