The opinion
1
2
3
4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
6
7 CHASOM BROWN, et al., Case No. 20-cv-03664-YGR (SVK)
8 Plaintiffs,
ORDER ON ADMINISTRATIVE
9 v. MOTIONS FOR LEAVE TO FILE
UNDER SEAL
10 GOOGLE LLC,
Re: Dkt. Nos. 781, 799, 805, 817
11 Defendant.
12 Before the Court are administrative motions for leave to file under seal materials
13 associated with discovery disputes in this case. Dkt. 781, 799, 805, 817; see also Dkt. 802
14 (declaration filed in support of motion to seal).
15 Courts recognize a “general right to inspect and copy public records and documents,
16 including judicial records and documents.” Kamakana v. City & Cnty. Of Honolulu, 447 F.3d
17 1172, 1178 (9th Cir. 2006) (quoting Nixon v. Warner Communs., Inc., 435 U.S. 589, 597 & n.7
18 (1978)). A request to seal court records therefore starts with a “strong presumption in favor of
19 access.” Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1178 (quoting Foltz v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 331 F.3d
1122, 1135 (9th Cir. 2003)). The standard for overcoming the presumption of public access to
20
court records depends on the purpose for which the records are filed with the court. A party
21
seeking to seal court records relating to motions that are “more than tangentially related to the
22
underlying cause of action” must demonstrate “compelling reasons” that support secrecy. Ctr. For
23
Auto Safety v. Chrysler Grp., 809 F.3d 1092, 1099 (9th Cir. 2016). For records attached to
24
motions that re “not related, or only tangentially related, to the merits of the case,” the lower
25
“good cause” standard of Rule 26(c) applies. Id.; see also Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1179. A party
26
moving to seal court records must also comply with the procedures established by Civil Local
27
1 Here, the “good cause” standard applies because the information the parties seek to seal
2 was submitted to the Court in connection with discovery-related motions, rather than a motion that
3 concerns the merits of the case. The Court may reach different conclusions regarding sealing
4 these documents under different standards or in a different context. Having considered the
5 motions to seal, supporting declarations, and the pleadings on file, and good cause appearing, the
6 Court ORDERS as follows:
7 1. Dkt. 781
8 Documents Court’s Ruling on Motion to Seal Reason(s) for Court’s Ruling
Sought to be
9
Sealed
10 Google LLC’s GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
Notice of contains Google’s confidential and
11 Motion and Pages 1:17-18, i:7-8, i:10, i:11, 1:7, proprietary information regarding
Motion for 1:10, 1:12-16, 1:19-23, 1:25-26, sensitive features of Google’s internal
12
Relief 2:12, 2:15, 2:27, 3:10-12, 3:15, 4:5- systems and operations, including
13 Regarding 7, 4:12, 4:27, 5:2-3, 5:5, 5:11-28, various types of Google’s internal
Preservation 6:3, 6:5, 7:2, 7:4-5, 7:9-10, 7:19, projects and data logging systems, and
14 7:21-22, 7:24-27, 8:4, 8:7, 8:9, 9:1, their proprietary functionalities, as
9:15, 9:23-25, 10:15-16, 10:18, well as internal metrics, that Google
15 11:13 maintains as confidential in the
ordinary course of its business and is
16
not generally known to the public or
17 Google’s competitors. Such
confidential and proprietary
18 information reveals Google’s internal
strategies, system designs, and
19 business practices for operating and
maintaining many of its services.
20
Public disclosure of such confidential
21 and proprietary information could
affect Google’s competitive standing
22 as competitors may alter their systems
and practices relating to competing
23 products. It may also place Google at
an increased risk of cybersecurity
24
threats, as third parties may seek to use
25 the information to compromise
Google’s internal practices relating to
26 competing products.
Declaration of GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
27 Larry contains Google’s confidential and
Pages 1:25-2:1, 2:3-8, 3:7-11, 3:16- sensitive features of Google’s internal
1
27, 4:7-19, 4:22-24, 4:27-28, 5:1-9, systems and operations, including
2 5:12-13, 5:15-16, 5:18, 5:20-21, various types of Google’s internal
5:23-24, 5:26, 5:28-6:1, 6:3-4, 6:6- projects and data logging systems, and
3 9, 6:12-17, 6:19-20, 6:22-7:5 their proprietary functionalities, as
well as internal metrics, that Google
4 maintains as confidential in the
ordinary course of its business and is
5
not generally known to the public or
6 Google’s competitors. Such
confidential and proprietary
7 information reveals Google’s internal
strategies, system designs, and
8 business practices for operating and
maintaining many of its services.
9
Public disclosure of such confidential
10 and proprietary information could
affect Google’s competitive standing
11 as competitors may alter their systems
and practices relating to competing
12 products. It may also place Google at
an increased risk of cybersecurity
13
threats, as third parties may seek to use
14 the information to compromise
Google’s internal practices relating to
15 competing products.
Declaration of GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
16
Benjamin contains Google’s confidential and
17 Kornacki Pages 1:22, 1:26-2:1, 2:3, 2:7, 2:11, proprietary information regarding
2:13, 2:16, 2:21, 2:26, 2:28-3:8, sensitive features of Google’s internal
18 3:11-12, 3:14-19 systems and operations, including
various types of Google’s internal
19 projects and data logging systems, and
their proprietary functionalities, as
20
well as internal metrics, that Google
21 maintains as confidential in the
ordinary course of its business and is
22 not generally known to the public or
Google’s competitors. Such
23 confidential and proprietary
information reveals Google’s internal
24
strategies, system designs, and
25 business practices for operating and
maintaining many of its services.
26 Public disclosure of such confidential
and proprietary information could
27 affect Google’s competitive standing
and practices relating to competing
1
products. It may also place Google at
2 an increased risk of cybersecurity
threats, as third parties may seek to use
3 the information to compromise
Google’s internal practices relating to
4 competing products.
Declaration of GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
5
Julian Kranz contains Google’s confidential and
6 Pages 1:22-25, 1:28, 2:1, 2:3, 2:5-7 proprietary information regarding
sensitive features of Google’s internal
7 systems and operations, including
various types of Google’s data logging
8 systems, as well as internal metrics,
that Google maintains as confidential
9
in the ordinary course of its business
10 and is not generally known to the
public or Google’s competitors. Such
11 confidential and proprietary
information reveals Google’s internal
12 strategies, system designs, and
business practices for operating and
13
maintaining many of its services.
14 Public disclosure of such confidential
and proprietary information could
15 affect Google’s competitive standing
as competitors may alter their systems
16
and practices relating to competing
17 products. It may also place Google at
an increased risk of cybersecurity
18 threats, as third parties may seek to use
the information to compromise
19 Google’s internal practices relating to
competing products.
20
Declaration of GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
21 Joshua contains Google’s confidential and
Halstead Pages 1:18-21, 1:25, 1:27-28, 2:2-3, proprietary information regarding
22 2:5-7, 2:9-14 sensitive features of Google’s internal
systems and operations, including
23 various types of Google’s internal
projects and data sources, as well as
24
internal metrics, that Google maintains
25 as confidential in the ordinary course
of its business and is not generally
26 known to the public or Google’s
competitors. Such confidential and
27 proprietary information reveals
designs, and business practices for
1
operating and maintaining many of its
2 services. Public disclosure of such
confidential and proprietary
3 information could affect Google’s
competitive standing as competitors
4 may alter their systems and practices
relating to competing products. It may
5
also place Google at an increased risk
6 of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
may seek to use the information to
7 compromise Google’s internal
practices relating to competing
8 products.
Declaration of GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
9
Patrick Quaid contains Google’s confidential and
10 Pages 1:12, 1:14, 1:16, 1:21-23 proprietary information regarding
sensitive features of Google’s internal
11 systems and operations, including
various types of Google’s internal
12 projects and data sources, as well as
internal metrics, that Google maintains
13
as confidential in the ordinary course
14 of its business and is not generally
known to the public or Google’s
15 competitors. Such confidential and
proprietary information reveals
16
Google’s internal strategies, system
17 designs, and business practices for
operating and maintaining many of its
18 services. Public disclosure of such
confidential and proprietary
19 information could affect Google’s
competitive standing as competitors
20
may alter their systems and practices
21 relating to competing products. It may
also place Google at an increased risk
22 of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
may seek to use the information to
23 compromise Google’s internal
practices relating to competing
24
products.
25 Declaration of GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
Daryl Seah contains Google’s confidential and
26 Pages 2:11-21, 2:24, 3:3 proprietary information regarding
sensitive features of Google’s internal
27 systems and operations, including
projects and data logging systems, and
1
their proprietary functionalities, as
2 well as internal metrics, that Google
maintains as confidential in the
3 ordinary course of its business and is
not generally known to the public or
4 Google’s competitors. Such
confidential and proprietary
5
information reveals Google’s internal
6 strategies, system designs, and
business practices for operating and
7 maintaining many of its services.
Public disclosure of such confidential
8 and proprietary information could
affect Google’s competitive standing
9
as competitors may alter their systems
10 and practices relating to competing
products. It may also place Google at
11 an increased risk of cybersecurity
threats, as third parties may seek to use
12 the information to compromise
Google’s internal practices relating to
13
competing products.
14 Declaration of GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
Srilakshmi contains Google’s confidential and
15 Pothana Pages 1:28, 2:1-7, 2:12-15, 2:17, proprietary information regarding
2:20, 2:22-23 sensitive features of Google’s internal
16
systems and operations, including
17 various types of Google’s internal
projects and data logging systems, as
18 well as internal metrics, that Google
maintains as confidential in the
19 ordinary course of its business and is
not generally known to the public or
20
Google’s competitors. Such
21 confidential and proprietary
information reveals Google’s internal
22 strategies, system designs, and
business practices for operating and
23 maintaining many of its services.
Public disclosure of such confidential
24
and proprietary information could
25 affect Google’s competitive standing
as competitors may alter their systems
26 and practices relating to competing
products. It may also place Google at
27 an increased risk of cybersecurity
the information to compromise
1
Google’s internal practices relating to
2 competing products.
Exhibit 1 to GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
3 Gao contains Google’s confidential and
Declaration – Pages 100:2, 100:4, 100:10, 101:21, proprietary information regarding
4 Aug. 4, 2022 103:22, 103:24, 105:11 sensitive features of Google’s internal
Hearing Tr. systems and operations, including
5
Excerpts various types of Google’s internal
6 projects and their proprietary
functionalities, that Google maintains
7 as confidential in the ordinary course
of its business and is not generally
8 known to the public or Google’s
competitors. Such confidential and
9
proprietary information reveals
10 Google’s internal strategies, system
designs, and business practices for
11 operating and maintaining many of its
services. Public disclosure of such
12 confidential and proprietary
information could affect Google’s
13
competitive standing as competitors
14 may alter their systems and practices
relating to competing products. It may
15 also place Google at an increased risk
of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
16
may seek to use the information to
17 compromise Google’s internal
practices relating to competing
18 products.
Exhibit 2 to GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
19 Gao contains Google’s confidential and
Declaration - Pages 134:1, 134:12, 134:18-20, proprietary information regarding
20
3/18/22 135:1, 135:8-9, 135:12, 136:7 sensitive features of Google’s internal
21 Glenn systems and operations, including
Berntson Tr. various types of Google’s internal
22 Excerpts projects, that Google maintains as
confidential in the ordinary course of
23 its business and is not generally known
to the public or Google’s competitors.
24
Such confidential and proprietary
25 information reveals Google’s internal
strategies, system designs, and
26 business practices for operating and
maintaining many of its services.
27 Public disclosure of such confidential
affect Google’s competitive standing
1
as competitors may alter their systems
2 and practices relating to competing
products. It may also place Google at
3 an increased risk of cybersecurity
threats, as third parties may seek to use
4 the information to compromise
Google’s internal practices relating to
5
competing products.
6 Exhibit 3 to GRANTED as to the portions at: The information requested to be sealed
Gao contains Google’s confidential and
7 Declaration - Seal in its entirety proprietary information regarding
GOOG- sensitive features of Google’s internal
8 CABR- systems and operations, including
03652751 various types of Google’s internal
9
projects and data logging systems, and
10 their proprietary functionalities, that
Google maintains as confidential in the
11 ordinary course of its business and is
not generally known to the public or
12 Google’s competitors. Such
confidential and proprietary
13
information reveals Google’s internal
14 strategies, system designs, and
business practices for operating and
15 maintaining many of its services.
Public disclosure of such confidential
16
and proprietary information could
17 affect Google’s competitive standing
as competitors may alter their systems
18 and practices relating to competing
products. It may also place Google at
19 an increased risk of cybersecurity
threats, as third parties may seek to use
20
the information to compromise
21 Google’s internal practices relating to
competing products.
22
2. Dkt. 799; see also Dkt. 802
23
Documents Sought to be Court’s Ruling on Reason(s) for Court’s Ruling
24 Sealed Motion to Seal
Plaintiffs’ Response in GRANTED as to The information requested to be sealed
25
Opposition to Google’ redacted portions contains Google’s confidential and
26 Motion for Relief Regarding at: proprietary information regarding
Preservation sensitive features of Google’s internal
27 Pages 1:2-3, 1:5, systems and operations, including
1:9-10, 1:12, 1:16, various types of Google’s internal
4:8, 4:10, 4:12, data signals, and logs, and their
1
4:17-22, 5:5, 5:7, proprietary functionalities, as well as
2 5:10, 5:12-14, 5:17- internal metrics, that Google maintains
25, 6:1-2, 6:4-5, as confidential in the ordinary course of
3 6:7-8, 6:13, 6:15, its business and is not generally known
6:17-18, 6:25, 7:21, to the public or Google’s competitors.
4 8:1, 8:3-4, 8:6, Such confidential and proprietary
8:16, 8:18. 9:15, information reveals Google’s internal
5
10:2, 10:7, 10:9, strategies, system designs, and business
6 10:11, 10:13, practices for operating and maintaining
10:15-16, 11:26, many of its services. Public disclosure of
7 13:2 such confidential and proprietary
information could affect Google’s
8 competitive standing as competitors may
alter their systems and practices relating
9
to competing products. It may also place
10 Google at an increased risk of
cybersecurity threats, as third parties
11 may seek to use the information to
compromise Google’s internal practices
12 relating to competing products.
Exhibit 1 to McGee GRANTED as to The information requested to be sealed
13
Declaration redacted portions contains Google’s confidential and
14 at: proprietary information regarding
Liao Depo. Trans. Excerpts sensitive features of Google’s internal
15 Pages 22:1-2, systems and operations, including
22:10, 22:12-18, various types of Google’s internal
16
22:24-23:1, 23:3, projects, internal project code names,
17 23:9, 23:16-17, data signals, and logs, and their
23:19, 24:1, 24:4-7, proprietary functionalities, that Google
18 24:13, 25:20, 25:22, maintains as confidential in the ordinary
26:3, 26:16, 26:18, course of its business and is not
19 26:20, 27:7, 27:11, generally known to the public or
27:13, 27:20, 27:23, Google’s competitors. Such confidential
20
28:6, 28:18, 28:20, and proprietary information reveals
21 28:22, 29:6-7, 29:9, Google’s internal strategies, system
29:11-12, 29:15, designs, and business practices for
22 30:13-14, 30:17, operating and maintaining many of its
30:21-22, 31:3-4, services. Public disclosure of such
23 31:11-14, 31:19, confidential and proprietary information
31:22, 32:2, 32:7, could affect Google’s competitive
24
32:13, 33:3, 33:7, standing as competitors may alter their
25 33:14, 33:16, 33:20, systems and practices relating to
33:24, 34:1, 34:6, competing products. It may also place
26 34:9-12, 34:15, Google at an increased risk of
34:22-23, 35:9, cybersecurity threats, as third parties
27 35:14, 35:19, 36:2, may seek to use the information to
relating to competing products.
1
Exhibit 2 to McGee GRANTED as to The information requested to be sealed
2 Declaration redacted portions contains Google’s confidential and
at: proprietary information regarding
3 GFS Field Names sensitive features of Google’s internal
Sealed Entirely systems and operations, including
4 Google’s internal data logging systems
and fields, as well as their proprietary
5
functionalities, that Google maintains as
6 confidential in the ordinary course of its
business and is not generally known to
7 the public or Google’s competitors. Such
confidential and proprietary information
8 reveals Google’s internal strategies,
system designs, and business practices
9
for operating and maintaining many of
10 its services. Public disclosure of such
confidential and proprietary information
11 could affect Google’s competitive
standing as competitors may alter their
12 systems and practices relating to
competing products. It may also place
13
Google at an increased risk of
14 cybersecurity threats, as third parties
may seek to use the information to
15 compromise Google’s internal practices
relating to competing products.
16
Exhibit 3 to McGee GRANTED as to The information requested to be sealed
17 Declaration redacted portions contains Google’s confidential and
at: proprietary information regarding
18 GA Field Names sensitive features of Google’s internal
Sealed Entirely systems and operations, including
19 Google’s internal data logging systems
and fields, as well as their proprietary
20
functionalities, that Google maintains as
21 confidential in the ordinary course of its
business and is not generally known to
22 the public or Google’s competitors. Such
confidential and proprietary information
23 reveals Google’s internal strategies,
system designs, and business practices
24
for operating and maintaining many of
25 its services. Public disclosure of such
confidential and proprietary information
26 could affect Google’s competitive
standing as competitors may alter their
27 systems and practices relating to
Google at an increased risk of
1
cybersecurity threats, as third parties
2 may seek to use the information to
compromise Google’s internal practices
3 relating to competing products.
4 3. Dkt. 805
5
Documents Sought to be Court’s Ruling on Reason(s) for Court’s Ruling
6 Sealed Motion to Seal
Google LLC’s Reply in GRANTED as to the The information requested to be sealed
7
Support of Google’s portions at: contains Google’s confidential and
8 Motion for Relief proprietary information regarding sensitive
Regarding Preservation Pages 1:5-6, 2:3-4, features of Google’s internal systems and
9 3:7-8, 3:26 4:7, 4:9- operations, including various types of
10, 4:18-19, 4:21-25, related Google’s internal projects, internal
10
4:27, 5:3, 5:7, 5:12- databases, and their proprietary
15, 5:18, 6:6-7, 8:14, functionalities, as well as internal metrics,
11
9:18, 9:27 that Google maintains as confidential in the
12 ordinary course of its business and is not
generally known to the public or Google’s
13 competitors. Such confidential and
proprietary information reveals Google’s
14
internal strategies, system designs, and
15 business practices for operating and
maintaining many of its services. Public
16 disclosure of such confidential and
proprietary information could affect
17 Google’s competitive standing as
competitors may alter their systems and
18
practices relating to competing products. It
19 may also place Google at an increased risk
of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
20 may seek to use the information to
compromise Google’s internal practices
21 relating to competing products.
Declaration of Viola GRANTED as to the The information requested to be sealed
22
Trebicka in Support of portions at: contains Google’s confidential and
23 Google LLC’s Reply in proprietary information regarding sensitive
Support of Motion for Pages 1:16-17, 1:19- features of Google’s internal systems and
24 Relief Regarding 20 operations, including various types of
Preservation related Google’s internal log names, that
25 Google maintains as confidential in the
ordinary course of its business and is not
26
generally known to the public or Google’s
27 competitors. Such confidential and
proprietary information reveals Google’s
business practices for operating and
1
maintaining many of its services. Public
2 disclosure of such confidential and
proprietary information could affect
3 Google’s competitive standing as
competitors may alter their systems and
4 practices relating to competing products. It
may also place Google at an increased risk
5
of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
6 may seek to use the information to
compromise Google’s internal practices
7 relating to competing products.
Exhibit 1 GRANTED as to the The information requested to be sealed
8 portions at: contains Google’s confidential and
GOOG-CABR-05290579 proprietary information regarding sensitive
9
Sealed Entirely features of Google’s internal systems and
10 operations, including various types of
related Google’s internal projects, internal
11 databases, data signals, and logs, and their
proprietary functionalities, as well as
12 internal metrics, that Google maintains as
confidential in the ordinary course of its
13
business and is not generally known to the
14 public or Google’s competitors. Such
confidential and proprietary information
15 reveals Google’s internal strategies, system
designs, and business practices for
16
operating and maintaining many of its
17 services. Public disclosure of such
confidential and proprietary information
18 could affect Google’s competitive standing
as competitors may alter their systems and
19 practices relating to competing products. It
may also place Google at an increased risk
20
of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
21 may seek to use the information to
compromise Google’s internal practices
22 relating to competing products.
Exhibit 2 GRANTED as to the The information requested to be sealed
23 portions at: contains Google’s confidential and
GOOG-CABR-03841078 proprietary information regarding sensitive
24
Sealed Entirely features of Google’s internal systems and
25 operations, including various types of
related Google’s internal projects, internal
26 databases, data signals, and their
proprietary functionalities, that Google
27 maintains as confidential in the ordinary
known to the public or Google’s
1
competitors. Such confidential and
2 proprietary information reveals Google’s
internal strategies, system designs, and
3 business practices for operating and
maintaining many of its services. Public
4 disclosure of such confidential and
proprietary information could affect
5
Google’s competitive standing as
6 competitors may alter their systems and
practices relating to competing products. It
7 may also place Google at an increased risk
of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
8 may seek to use the information to
compromise Google’s internal practices
9
relating to competing products.
10 Exhibit 3 GRANTED as to the The information requested to be sealed
portions at: contains Google’s confidential and
11 GOOG-CABR-03655476 proprietary information regarding sensitive
Sealed Entirely features of Google’s internal systems and
12 operations, including various types of
related Google’s internal projects, internal
13
databases, data signals, and their
14 proprietary functionalities, that Google
maintains as confidential in the ordinary
15 course of its business and is not generally
known to the public or Google’s
16
competitors. Such confidential and
17 proprietary information reveals Google’s
internal strategies, system designs, and
18 business practices for operating and
maintaining many of its services. Public
19 disclosure of such confidential and
proprietary information could affect
20
Google’s competitive standing as
21 competitors may alter their systems and
practices relating to competing products. It
22 may also place Google at an increased risk
of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
23 may seek to use the information to
compromise Google’s internal practices
24
relating to competing products.
25 Exhibit 4 GRANTED as to the The information requested to be sealed
portions at: contains Google’s confidential and
26 .CSV/.PDF data file proprietary information regarding sensitive
Sealed Entirely features of Google’s internal systems and
27 operations, including various types of
databases, data signals, and logs, and their
1
proprietary functionalities, that Google
2 maintains as confidential in the ordinary
course of its business and is not generally
3 known to the public or Google’s
competitors. Such confidential and
4 proprietary information reveals Google’s
internal strategies, system designs, and
5
business practices for operating and
6 maintaining many of its services. Public
disclosure of such confidential and
7 proprietary information could affect
Google’s competitive standing as
8 competitors may alter their systems and
practices relating to competing products. It
9
may also place Google at an increased risk
10 of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
may seek to use the information to
11 compromise Google’s internal practices
relating to competing products.
12 Exhibit 5 GRANTED as to the The information requested to be sealed
portions at: contains Google’s confidential and
13
.CSV/.PDF data file proprietary information regarding sensitive
14 Sealed Entirely features of Google’s internal systems and
operations, including various types of
15 related Google’s internal projects, internal
databases, data signals, and logs, and their
16
proprietary functionalities, that Google
17 maintains as confidential in the ordinary
course of its business and is not generally
18 known to the public or Google’s
competitors. Such confidential and
19 proprietary information reveals Google’s
internal strategies, system designs, and
20
business practices for operating and
21 maintaining many of its services. Public
disclosure of such confidential and
22 proprietary information could affect
Google’s competitive standing as
23 competitors may alter their systems and
practices relating to competing products. It
24
may also place Google at an increased risk
25 of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
may seek to use the information to
26 compromise Google’s internal practices
relating to competing products.
27
4. Dkt. 817
2 Documents Sought to be | Court’s Ruling on Reason(s) for Court’s Ruling
3 Sealed Motion to Seal
Joint Submission Re: GRANTED as to the | The information requested to be sealed
4 Preservation in Light of portions at: contains Google’s confidential and
Class Certification Order proprietary information regarding sensitive
5 Pages 3:26-27, 4:1, features of Google’s internal systems and
6 4:3-5, 5:24, 6:2-3, operations, including internal metrics, data
TAL fields, and processes, that Google maintains
7 as confidential in the ordinary course of its
business and is not generally known to the
8 public or Google’s competitors. Such
confidential and proprietary information
9 reveals Google’s internal strategies, system
10 designs, and business practices. Public
disclosure of such confidential and
proprietary information could affect
Google’s competitive standing as
a 12 competitors may alter their systems and
practices relating to competing products. It
13 may also place Google at an increased risk
14 of cybersecurity threats, as third parties
may seek to use the information to
B15 compromise Google’s internal practices.
A 16 SO ORDERED.
5 || Dated: January 26, 2023
Z 18 5.
19 vi
SUSAN VAN KEULEN
20 United States Magistrate Judge
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28