“[N]or did the 12 district court err in permitting the jury to consider damages for lost profits on projected sales 13 outside of the geographic and product markets stipulated for liability purposes.”
How later courts described this case
- “[N]or did the 12 district court err in permitting the jury to consider damages for lost profits on projected sales 13 outside of the geographic and product markets stipulated for liability purposes.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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7 SC INNOVATIONS, INC., Case No. 18-cv-07440-JCS
8 Plaintiff,
ORDER REGARDING DISCOVERY
9 v. LETTER BRIEF AND
ADMINISTRATIVE MOTION TO FILE
10 UBER TECHNOLOGIES, INC., et al., UNDER SEAL
Defendants. Re: Dkt. No. 118, 121
11
12 I. INTRODUCTION
13 Plaintiff SC Innovations, Inc. (“Sidecar”) and Defendants Uber Technologies, Inc. and a
14 number of its subsidiaries (collectively, “Uber”) filed a joint discovery letter brief, which Sidecar
15 moved to file in part under seal based on Uber’s designations of confidentiality. Following a
16 hearing on April 30, 2021, the only remaining discovery dispute is whether Sidecar may depose
17 Uber’s corporate representative regarding the “Uber Eats” food delivery service, which falls
18 outside the relevant product market in this antitrust case. The parties submitted supplemental
19 letter briefs on that issue at the Court’s request. For the reasons discussed below, Sidecar may
20 depose Uber’s representative regarding Uber Eats profit and loss statements and profitability, and
21 Sidecar’s administrative motion to file under seal is GRANTED.
22 II. DEPOSITION REGARDING UBER EATS
23 The parties agree that the Uber Eats service does not fall within the relevant product
24 market alleged in Sidecar’s complaint. Sidecar contends that information about that service is
25 nevertheless relevant to its potential damages, because Sidecar had entered (or at least intended to
26 enter) the food delivery market before Uber’s conduct in the relevant market for passenger ride-
27 hailing allegedly drove Sidecar out of business. Uber argues that Sidecar cannot recover antitrust
1 between Uber’s alleged conduct and Sidecar’s hypothetical future food delivery business is
2 speculative.
3 The Court has reviewed the parties’ supplemental letter briefs and authorities cited therein.
4 See dkts. 126, 127. Uber relies primarily on cases addressing cognizable antitrust injury—a
5 necessary element to establish liability—rather than the scope of permissible damages once
6 liability is shown. E.g., Fed. Trade Comm’n v. Qualcomm Inc., 969 F.3d 974, 993 (9th Cir. 2020);
7 Am. Ad Mgmt., Inc. v. Gen. Tel. Co. of Cal., 190 F.3d 1051, 1057 (9th Cir. 1999). There is little
8 caselaw addressing the precise question at issue here, but at least one court has allowed damages
9 outside the relevant product market, so long as a plaintiff establishes cognizable injury within the
10 relevant market and the additional out-of-market damages are a consequence of that injury.
11 Bonjorno v. Kaiser Aluminum & Chem. Corp., 752 F.2d 802, 814 (3d Cir. 1984) (“[N]or did the
12 district court err in permitting the jury to consider damages for lost profits on projected sales
13 outside of the geographic and product markets stipulated for liability purposes.”). That approach
14 is consistent with the general rule that an antitrust plaintiff may recover consequential damages
15 flowing from a cognizable injury even if those damages would not in themselves grant the plaintiff
16 standing to sue. In Perkins v. Standard Oil Co. of Cal., 395 U.S. 642 (1969), for example, an
17 appellate court reduced the plaintiff’s damages based on the “rule that one who is only incidentally
18 injured by a violation of the antitrust laws,—the bystander who was hit but not aimed at,—cannot
19 recover,” but the Supreme Court reversed, holding that because the plaintiff “directly injured and
20 was clearly entitled to bring this suit, he was entitled to present evidence of all of his losses to the
21 jury.” 395 U.S. at 649–50.
22 Sidecar therefore might be able to recover damages for lost profits outside the relevant
23 market of passenger ride-hailing, and the performance of Uber Eats could be relevant to building a
24 model of such lost profits. On the other hand, as the Court discussed at the hearing, this topic
25 strays relatively far from the core issues in this case, and intensive discovery as to Uber Eats does
26 not appear to be proportional to the needs of the case at this time. Uber therefore must provide a
27 corporate representative to testify as to profit and loss statements and profitability of Uber Eats
1 Uber Eats.1
2 This discovery order is without prejudice to any argument that either party might make on
3 the merits of and limitations on permissible damages at an appropriate later stage of the case.
4 III. ADMINISTRATIVE MOTION TO FILE UNDER SEAL
5 Sidecar moved to seal portions of the parties’ initial joint discovery letter brief and of one
6 exhibit thereto under Civil Local Rule 79-5(e) based on Uber’s designations of confidentiality, and
7 Uber filed a responsive declaration four days later pursuant to Local Rule 79-5(e)(1).
8 As a starting point, the Court is skeptical that Rule 79-5(e) is the appropriate framework
9 for the joint submission at issue. The parties appear to have worked in good faith to craft a joint
10 letter brief. Some of the proposed redactions are in Uber’s portion of the letter. It is not clear why
11 Uber could not have included a declaration in support of sealing at the outset, instead of drawing
12 out the process by having Sidecar file the administrative motion and Uber file its declaration
13 several days later. Going forward, the Court expects any declarations in support of sealing a joint
14 letter to be included at the time the letter is filed, unless confidentiality interests of third parties or
15 some other exigent circumstances require the use of Rule 79-5(e). The parties are further
16 admonished that unredacted versions of documents sought to be sealed “must indicate, by
17 highlighting or other clear method, the portions of the document that have been omitted from the
18 redacted version, and prominently display the notation ‘UNREDACTED VERSION OF
19 DOCUMENT(S) SOUGHT TO BE SEALED.’” Civ. L.R. 79-5(d)(1)(D).
20 Sealing documents filed in connection with this discovery dispute only tangentially related
21 to the merits of the case requires a particularized showing of good cause. Uber’s attorney Daniel
22 Swanson asserts that the proposed redactions “contain confidential commercial information,
23 including specific observations about, and excerpts from, highly sensitive transactional data and
24 business strategy documents, which . . . if publicly disclosed, would cause Uber competitive and
25 economic harm by providing Uber’s competitors with insight into Uber’s sensitive business
26 strategies, transactional data, and commission structure.” Swanson Decl. (dkt. 119) ¶ 4. The
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] Court is satisfied that Uber has shown good cause to seal the redacted portions of the documents at
2 issue, and therefore GRANTS Sidecar’s administrative motion to file under seal.
3 IT ISSO ORDERED.
4 || Dated: May 11, 2021 CZ
J PH C. SPERO
5 ief Magistrate Judge
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