Coleman v. Ortiz

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4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

6

7 WENDELL COLEMAN, Case No. 20-cv-03356-SI

8 Plaintiff,

ORDER OF DISMISSAL WITH LEAVE

9 v. TO AMEND

10 ELIA ORTIZ, Re: Dkt. Nos. 1, 2

11 Defendant.

12

13 INTRODUCTION

14 Wendell Coleman filed this pro se civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The complaint

15 is now before the court for review pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e). This order also addresses

16 plaintiff’s request for a temporary restraining order.

17

18 BACKGROUND

19 Plaintiff complains about various events that allegedly occurred in the criminal prosecution

20 against him. He alleges that many charges were dismissed and some failed to result in convictions,

21 see Docket No. 1 at 4, but concedes that there was a guilty verdict on at least one charge, id. at 8

22 (“jailed immediately after guilty verdict”). Some of the charges were for crimes against Kendra

23 Baumgartner, who apparently was his girlfriend or former girlfriend. The complaint names many

24 defendants, and makes the following claims:

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26 A. Claims Against Prosecutors, Judge, And Probation Officer

27 District Attorney Haley allegedly ignored her duty to investigate crimes committed against

1 refused to “test false statements made by [a] witness” or investigate the witness’ perjury. Id.

2 Deputy District Attorney McLeod allegedly filed malicious and false charges against

3 plaintiff. Id. at 6-7. She allegedly “attempted to have [plaintiff] given forced court ordered

4 medication without any of the criteria met in a hearing held in 2018” and relied on a false report

5 from Dr. Boardman (that apparently addressed plaintiff’s mental state or need for involuntary

6 medication). Id. at 6-7. She allegedly sent fraudulent documents to the court. Id. at 7. McLeod

7 also sought allegedly unjustified and untimely continuances in the criminal cases against plaintiff.

8 Id. at 6.

9 Deputy District Attorney Lind allegedly failed to investigate properly and filed malicious

10 and false charges against plaintiff. Id. at 7-8. She allegedly called plaintiff names during her

11 examination of him, requested remand, and did not call all of her listed witnesses. Id. at 7-8. She

12 allegedly “knowingly and willingly denied the fact that [a] ‘witness’. . . committed perjury” and

13 “participated in the trial with unclean hands.” Id. at 8.

14 Judge Ortiz allegedly participated in “an attempted kidnapping and malicious prosecution.”

15 Id. at 5. She allegedly “forced [plaintiff] to participate in a trial in December of 2019 without any

16 witnesses, and without having the opportunity to review the newest discovery.” Id. Judge Ortiz

17 allegedly made improper rulings in plaintiff’s criminal case when she: allowed a doubt to be

18 declared about plaintiff’s competence; denied his right to counsel and self-representation; raised his

19 bail; denied a continuance; allowed perjured testimony; disallowed a recusal motion; allowed time-

20 barred misdemeanors to be charged; denied a request to investigate a juror; and required an ankle

21 monitor and remand after trial. Id. Judge Ortiz also allegedly awarded custody of a child to a

22 reported child molester in March 2016, although the mother was able to fight this. Id. She allegedly

23 denied plaintiff’s rights under the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, and abused her

24 power as a judge. Id. at 6.

25 In March 2018, probation officer Butler allegedly fabricated a probation report based on

26 false accusations and failed to investigate properly before preparing that report. Id. at 10. She

27 allegedly tainted plaintiff’s reputation by stating that he failed to appear for a presentence report.

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2 B. Claims Against Law Enforcement Defendants

3 Napa County Sheriff’s deputy Bohlander allegedly refused to investigate plaintiff’s stolen

4 property or plaintiff’s report that people were using illegal drugs and having sexual intercourse at

5 his home in the presence of his child. Id. at 9.

6 In January 2018, Napa County Sheriff’s deputy Branco allegedly went through plaintiff’s

7 fence, entered his backyard, and opened his back door to serve an arrest warrant with his service

8 weapon pointed at plaintiff. Id. Branco also allegedly “made an attempt on [plaintiff’s] life” in

9 May 2017 when he showed up at a property “with the intent to shoot [plaintiff]” after Baumgartner

10 informed law enforcement that plaintiff was “known for carrying shotguns.” Id.

11 In October 2017, Napa County Sheriff’s deputy Lichau allegedly “violated [plaintiff’s] civil

12 rights by falsely arresting [him], not respecting [his] right to remain silent, illegally searching [him],

13 charging [him] for having expired registration, and outdated insurance, and an expired DL, none of

14 which was true.” Id. Plaintiff alleges that he “won in April of 2019 against all frivolous charges.”

15 Id.

16 In November 2017, seven unnamed deputy sheriffs allegedly went to plaintiff’s home and

17 “threatened to kick [his] ass.” Id. at 10.

18 The Napa County Sheriff’s Department allegedly harassed and stalked plaintiff, making

19 threats to his safety. Id. at 9-10. The Napa police allegedly harassed plaintiff as well.

20 In June 2017, Napa police officer Haggmark allegedly failed to investigate evidence from

21 plaintiff. Id. at 10.

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23 DISCUSSION

24 When an unincarcerated plaintiff is proceeding in forma pauperis, the court must dismiss

25 the case upon determining that the case is frivolous, malicious, fails to state a claim upon which

26 relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief.

27 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e). Pro se complaints must be liberally construed. See Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d

1 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege two elements: (1) that a right

2 secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was violated, and (2) that the violation was

3 committed by a person acting under the color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48

4 (1988).

5 The complaint fails to state a claim against any particular defendant and therefore must be

6 dismissed. Leave to amend is granted so that plaintiff may attempt to file an amended complaint

7 that cures the deficiencies discussed in this order.

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9 A. Claims Against Prosecutors, Judge, And Probation Officer

10 Plaintiff’s claims against District Attorneys Haley, McLeod, and Lind are dismissed without

11 leave to amend because they have absolute prosecutorial immunity for the actions alleged in the

12 complaint, which all pertain to the criminal prosecution of plaintiff in state court. See Buckley v.

13 Fitzsimmons, 509 U.S. 259, 272-73 (1993). The prosecutorial immunity applies to the claims that

14 Haley, McLeod, and Lind each allegedly filed malicious, frivolous, and/or false charges against

15 plaintiff because they have immunity for their alleged decisions relating to their charging decisions

16 and their conduct in trying the cases against plaintiff. See Van De Kamp v. Goldstein, 555 U.S. 335,

17 344 (2009) (prosecutors absolutely immune for certain administrative obligations “directly

18 connected with the conduct of a trial,” such as supervision, training and information-system

19 management, because these obligations “necessarily require legal knowledge and the exercise of

20 related discretion”). The prosecutorial immunity also extends to the claims that Haley allegedly

21 refused to “test false statements made by [a] witness,” see Docket No. 1 at 4, that McLeod used a

22 false report from Dr. Boardman, and that Lind allegedly “knowingly and willingly denied the fact

23 that [a] ‘witness’. . . committed perjury,” see id. at 8, because prosecutors are absolutely immune

24 from liability for the knowing use of false testimony at trial. Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409,

25 431 (1976).

26 Plaintiff’s claims against Judge Ortiz are dismissed because she has absolute immunity from

27 civil liability for damages for acts performed in her judicial capacity. See Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S.

1 ultimate assessment of damages. See Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 526 (1985). The judge will

2 not be deprived of immunity even if her actions were done maliciously, in error, or in excess of her

3 authority. See Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. at 356-57. With one potential exception, Judge Ortiz

4 has absolute immunity for the conduct alleged in the complaint because all but one allegation

5 complain of rulings Judge Ortiz made or failed to make in the criminal case. The one exception is

6 plaintiff’s allegation that Judge Ortiz participated in an “attempted kidnapping,” Docket No. 1 at 5;

7 although this appears to be hyperbole about her rulings in plaintiff’s criminal case, leave to amend

8 is granted so that plaintiff may allege facts, if he has them, that plausibly suggest the judge took part

9 in an attempted kidnapping.1

10 Plaintiff’s claim against probation officer Butler is dismissed without leave to amend,

11 because, like prosecutors and judges, probation officers possess absolute immunity from damage

12 suits under § 1983 for official functions bearing a close association to the judicial process. See

13 Demoran v. Witt, 781 F.2d 155, 156-58 (9th Cir. 1985) (immunity for preparing reports for use by

14 state courts). State actors are granted absolute immunity from damages liability in suits under

15 § 1983 only for actions taken while performing a duty functionally comparable to one for which

16 officials were immune at common law. Miller v. Gammie, 335 F.3d 889, 900 (9th Cir. 2003). Under

17 the common law, judges, prosecutors, trial witnesses, and jurors were absolutely immune for

18 functions that were critical to the judicial process. Id. at 896. Here, Butler has absolute immunity

19 against plaintiff’s claim against her because preparing probation reports constitutes a function that

20 is critical to the judicial process.

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22 B. Claims Against Law Enforcement Defendants

23 Deputy Bohlander: Plaintiff’s claim that deputy Bohlander refused to investigate plaintiff’s

24 reports of criminal activity is dismissed without leave to amend. “Generally, ‘the Fourteenth

25 Amendment’s Due Process Clause . . . does not confer any affirmative right to governmental aid’

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1 Plaintiff also lists four other judges in his complaint, but makes no allegations against any of them.

1 and ‘typically does not impose a duty on the state to protect individuals from third parties.’” Henry

2 A. v. Willden, 678 F.3d 991, 998 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing Patel v. Kent Sch. Dist., 648 F.3d 965, 971

3 (9th Cir. 2011)); see also Castle Rock v. Gonzales, 545 U.S. 748, 768 (2005) (the benefit a third

4 party might receive from having someone else arrested for a crime generally does not trigger due

5 process protections). There are two exceptions to this rule: (1) the “special relationship” exception

6 when “a custodial relationship exists between the plaintiff and the State such that the State assumes

7 some responsibility for the plaintiff’s safety and well-being,” id. (citing DeShaney v. Winnebago

8 Cnty Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 489 U.S. 189, 198-202 (1989)) and (2) the “state-created danger”

9 exception, “when the state affirmatively places the plaintiff in danger by acting with deliberate

10 inference to a known and obvious danger” id. (citing Patel, 648 U.S. at 971-72). Here, these limited

11 exceptions do not apply under the facts alleged.

12 Deputy Haggmark: The complaint also does not state a claim against Officer Haggmark,

13 who allegedly failed to investigate plaintiff’s evidence. As stated above, the Fourteenth

14 Amendment’s Due Process Clause does not confer any affirmative right to government aid and

15 neither of the two exceptions applies to the facts alleged here. See Henry A, 678 F.3d at 998.

16 Deputy Branco: The complaint does not provide enough details for the court to determine

17 whether a claim is stated based on the allegations regarding the service of the arrest warrant in

18 January 2018. The Fourth Amendment requires that law enforcement officers ordinarily give notice

19 of their authority and purpose before making an entry of premises for purposes of a search or to

20 arrest a person therein. See Wilson v. Arkansas, 514 U.S. 927, 934 (1995). Plaintiff alleges that

21 Branco went through plaintiff’s fence, entered his backyard, and opened his back door with weapon

22 in hand to serve an arrest warrant on plaintiff, but he does not allege where plaintiff was or what he

23 was doing at the time Branco was attempting to serve the arrest warrant, so as to suggest that

24 Branco’s actions were unreasonable. Having a weapon drawn does not automatically amount to a

25 Fourth Amendment violation especially when, as here, law enforcement officials have information

26 suggesting plaintiff may be armed. Cf. United States v. Guzman-Padilla, 573 F.3d 865, 884 (9th

27 Cir. 2009) (“officers with a particularized basis to believe that a situation may pose safety risks may

1 arrest”); McNair v. Coffey, 279 F.3d 463, 466-67 (7th Cir. 2002) (arrest for traffic offenses at

2 gunpoint and with police in eight squad cars as back-up did not violate the Fourth Amendment).

3 Leave to amend is granted so that plaintiff may attempt to allege facts showing an unreasonable

4 search or seizure under the Fourth Amendment in the service of the arrest warrant.

5 Plaintiff’s allegation that, on a different occasion in May 2017, deputy Branco “made an

6 attempt on [plaintiff’s] life” when he showed up “with the intent to shoot [plaintiff],” Docket No.1

7 at 9, fails to state a claim. (At the time, law enforcement officials allegedly had been notified that

8 plaintiff was known to carry a shotgun.) Although a complaint “does not need detailed factual

9 allegations, . . . a plaintiff's obligation to provide the ‘grounds’ of his ‘entitle[ment] to relief’ requires

10 more than labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action

11 will not do. . . . Factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative

12 level.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (citations omitted). The allegation

13 that Branco showed up with an intent to shoot plaintiff is conclusory and speculative; it does not

14 provide “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Id. at 570. Leave to

15 amend is granted so that plaintiff may attempt to allege facts showing a Fourth Amendment violation

16 for this alleged event.

17 Deputy Lichau: Plaintiff alleges that Lichau “violated [plaintiff’s] civil rights by falsely

18 arresting [him], not respecting [his] right to remain silent, illegally searching [him], charging [him]

19 for having expired registration, and outdated insurance, and an expired DL, none of which was true.”

20 Docket No. 1 at 9. Plaintiff’s conclusory allegations fail to state a claim against deputy Lichau.

21 The Fourth Amendment requires that an arrest be supported by probable cause. Atwater v.

22 City of Lago Vista, 532 U.S. 318, 354 (2001); Michigan v. Summers, 452 U.S. 692, 700 (1981) (an

23 arrest is unlawful unless there is probable cause to support it). An arrest is supported by probable

24 cause if, under the totality of the circumstances known to the arresting officer, a prudent person

25 would have concluded that there was a fair probability that the defendant had committed a crime.

26 Luchtel v. Hagemann, 623 F.3d 975, 980 (9th Cir. 2010). Here, plaintiff fails to allege facts

27 plausibly showing that there was not probable cause for his arrest. Merely stating that plaintiff was

1 conclusion.

2 The use of compulsive questioning in violation of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966),

3 does not violate the Fifth Amendment and give rise to a claim for damages under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.

4 See Chavez v. Martinez, 538 U.S. 760, 772 (2003). It is not until the compelled statements obtained

5 in violation of Miranda are used in a criminal case that a violation of the Fifth Amendment’s Self-

6 Incrimination Clause occurs. Id. at 766-73. Plaintiff has not alleged facts showing that there was a

7 Miranda violation and that the statements were used in his criminal case. Nor has he alleged any

8 sort of conscience-shocking techniques used in the questioning that might suggest a due process

9 violation in the police questioning itself. See Martinez v. City of Oxnard, 337 F.3d 1091, 1092 (9th

10 Cir. 2003) (allegation that officer “brutally and incessantly questioned [suspect], after he had been

11 shot in the face, back, and leg and would go on to suffer blindness and partial paralysis, and

12 interfered with his medical treatment while he was ‘screaming in pain ... and going in and out of

13 consciousness’” stated a claim for a due process violation). Leave to amend is granted so that

14 plaintiff may attempt to allege facts showing how deputy Lichau’s failure to respect plaintiff’s right

15 to remain silent amounted to a violation of his right not to incriminate himself and/or his right to

16 due process.

17 Unnamed Defendants: The allegation that seven deputies came to plaintiff’s home and

18 “threatened to kick [his] ass,” Docket No. 1 at 10, fails to state a claim. The complaint does not

19 suggest that this was anything more than a verbal insult. Plaintiff has not alleged facts suggesting

20 the violation of any constitutional right by the comment of one or more deputies. If he can allege

21 facts suggesting the violation of any constitutional rights, he needs to properly identify the alleged

22 wrongdoers. If plaintiff does not know the true names of the alleged wrongdoers, he may use Doe

23 defendant designations, e.g., John Doe # 1 and John Doe # 2. Although the use of Doe defendants

24 is acceptable to withstand dismissal of the complaint at the initial review stage, using Doe

25 defendants creates its own problem: those persons cannot be served with process until they are

26 identified by their real names. The burden remains on the plaintiff; the court will not undertake to

27 investigate the names and identities of unnamed defendants. Plaintiff must provide the true names

1 they may be dismissed without prejudice to him filing another action against them. If there are

2 multiple unknown persons, each unknown defendant must be identified as a separate John Doe or

3 Jane Doe, e.g., John Doe # 1, Jane Doe # 1, Jane Doe # 2, etc., so that eventually each John Doe and

4 Jane Doe defendant can be replaced by a separate person when his or her true name becomes known.

5 Municipal Defendants: The complaint does not state a claim against the Napa County

6 Sheriff’s Office or the Napa Police Department. There is no respondeat superior liability under

7 Section 1983, that is, no liability under the theory that one is responsible for the actions or omissions

8 of an employee. See Monell v. Dep't of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 691 (1978). The mere fact that

9 an individual wrongdoer was employed by a defendant would not be a sufficient basis on which to

10 hold the employing defendant liable. Local governments, such as Napa County, are “persons”

11 subject to liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 where official policy or custom causes a constitutional

12 tort. Id. at 690. To impose municipal liability under § 1983 for a violation of constitutional rights,

13 a plaintiff must show: “(1) that [the plaintiff] possessed a constitutional right of which [he] was

14 deprived; (2) that the municipality had a policy; (3) that this policy amounts to deliberate

15 indifference to the plaintiff's constitutional right; and (4) that the policy is the moving force behind

16 the constitutional violation.” See Plumeau v. School Dist. #40 County of Yamhill, 130 F.3d 432,

17 438 (9th Cir. 1997) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). For municipal liability, a

18 plaintiff must plead sufficient facts regarding the specific nature of the alleged policy, custom, or

19 practice to allow the defendant to effectively defend itself, and these facts must plausibly suggest

20 that the plaintiff is entitled to relief. See AE v. County of Tulare, 666 F.3d 631, 636-37 (9th Cir.

21 2012). It is not sufficient to merely allege that a policy, custom or practice existed or that individual

22 officers’ wrongdoing conformed to a policy, custom, or practice. See id. at 636-68. If plaintiff

23 wants to allege a Monell claim against a municipal entity, he must be careful to allege the specific

24 policy, custom, or practices of the municipal entity that he contends give rise to liability.

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26 C. Other Defendants

27 The following defendants are dismissed because plaintiff merely lists their names on the

1 Young; Napa County Sheriff’s deputies Kuhn, Powers, and Dameron; and Napa police officers

2 Potter, Martinez, Delasi, and Cole.

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4 D. Page 12 of Complaint

5 Page 12 of the complaint states “Attention: Federal Judge” and has garbled language that

6 appears to be of a threatening nature. Plaintiff writes that if the court does not protect his daughter

7 — a nonissue in this case — “I will loose my hand do not make me loose your goods because of

8 this. I am your maker and your are my creation before God I command you to do my will in the

9 name of the father or else I will come there.” Docket No. 1 at 12 (errors in source). After that text,

10 plaintiff inserted the definition and elements of the crime of murder. Id. And he placed on that

11 message a palm print in red ink, which often is used as symbolic of blood. Plaintiff is strongly urged

12 to carefully study 18 U.S.C. § 115 before writing anything of a similar nature.

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14 F. The Request For A Temporary Restraining Order

15 Plaintiff has filed a request for a temporary restraining order (TRO) that: (1) prevents “local

16 law enforcement” from “continu[ing] to harass [him] and perform police misconduct without

17 justifiable cause”; (2) suspends his state-court sentence and commands review of his trial by an

18 appellate court; (3) removes Estelle Coleman (who apparently is his daughter) “from any and all

19 restraining orders signed by any acting judicial member in Napa”; (4) prevents a “‘victim’ from

20 filing additional false accusations” against him; and (5) imposes a “50/50 custody” arrangement that

21 will not be “abused to trap either parent.” Docket No. 2 at 3, 4.

22 A TRO preserves the status quo and prevents irreparable harm until a hearing can be held

23 on a preliminary injunction application. See Granny Goose Foods, Inc. v. Brotherhood of Teamsters

24 & Auto Truck Drivers, 415 U.S. 423, 439 (1974). A TRO is an “extraordinary remedy” that the

25 court should award only when a plaintiff makes a clear showing that he is entitled to such relief.

26 See Winter v. Natural Res. Defense Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 24 (2008). The standards for a TRO

27 are the same as those for a preliminary injunction. See Stuhlbarg Int'l Sales Co., Inc. v. John D.

1 likelihood of success on the merits, (2) a likelihood of irreparable harm that would result if an

2 injunction were not issued, (3) the balance of equities tips in favor of the plaintiff, and (4) an

3 injunction is in the public interest. See Winter, 555 U.S. at 20.2 The irreparable injury must be both

4 likely and immediate. See id. at 22.

5 Plaintiff is not entitled to the wide-ranging TRO he seeks. First, he does not show any

6 likelihood of success on the merits of his claims in this action. The pleading deficiencies discussed

7 in this order prevent the court from determining that there is any likelihood of success on the merits

8 of his claims. Second, the evidentiary support for the requested TRO falls far short of showing that

9 irreparable harm is likely and imminent if interim relief is not granted. “A plaintiff must do more

10 than merely allege imminent harm sufficient to establish standing; a plaintiff must demonstrate

11 immediate threatened injury as a prerequisite to preliminary injunctive relief.” Caribbean Marine

12 Services Co., Inc. v. Baldrige, 844 F.2d 668, 674 (9th Cir. 1988). Third, at least part of the dispute

13 that forms the basis for the requested TRO is different from the allegations in the complaint and

14 would not be the proper basis for interim relief. Plaintiff’s request for a TRO regarding child custody

15 is beyond the scope of the allegations of the complaint. A plaintiff is not entitled to injunctive relief

16 based on claims not pled in the complaint because the “court’s equitable power lies only over the

17 merits of the case or controversy before it.” Pacific Radiation Oncology, LLC v. Queen’s Med. Ctr.,

18 810 F.3d 631, 633 (9th Cir. 2015); see, e.g., id. at 636-38 (district court properly denied plaintiff’s

19 request for an injunction to prevent HIPAA violation, where plaintiff had not asserted a claim for a

20 HIPAA violation). Finally, even if the foregoing problems did not exist, plaintiff does not show the

21 need for a TRO without any notice to the defendants, who have not yet been served with process in

22 this action. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b)(1) (TRO can issue without notice to adverse party only if

23 “specific facts in an affidavit or a verified complaint clearly show that immediate and irreparable

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2 Winter did not, however, completely reject the validity of the sliding scale approach to

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preliminary injunctions. Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1134 (9th Cir.

2011). Under the “sliding scale” approach used in the Ninth Circuit — also dubbed the “serious

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question” test in Alliance for Wild Rockies — “the elements of the preliminary injunction test are

balanced, so that a stronger showing of one element may offset a weaker showing of another.” Id.

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at 1131. Thus, even after Winter, “‘serious questions going to the merits’ and a hardship balance

1 injury, loss, or damage will result to the movant before the adverse party can be heard in opposition”

2 and the movant certifies in writing the efforts to give notice and the reasons why notice should not

3 || be required). For the foregoing reasons, plaintiff's ex parte request for a TRO is DENIED.

4

5 CONCLUSION

6 The complaint is dismissed with leave to amend. Plaintiff must file an amended complaint

7 that complies with the directions in this order no later than July 15, 2020, and must include the

8 caption and civil case number used in this order and the words AMENDED COMPLAINT on the

9 || first page. Plaintiff is cautioned that his amended complaint must be a complete statement of his

10 || claims. See Lacey v. Maricopa County, 693 F.3d 896, 928 (9th Cir. 2012) (en banc) (“For claims

11 dismissed with prejudice and without leave to amend, we will not require that they be repled in a

12 subsequent amended complaint to preserve them for appeal. But for any claims voluntarily

5 13 dismissed, we will consider those claims to be waived if not repled.”) Failure to file the amended

14 || complaint will result in the dismissal of this action.

3 15 The amended complaint and all future filings must be double-spaced, regardless of whether

16 || they are handwritten or typed. They also must be signed by plaintiff to comply with the requirements

3 17 || of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11. Plaintiff is reminded that the $400.00 filing fee or an in

18 || forma pauperis application is due by June 25, 2020.

19 IT IS SO ORDERED.

20 |] Dated: June 15, 2020 Site WU tee

21

SUSAN ILLSTON

United States District Judge

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