distinguishing “good cause” showing for sealing 8 documents produced in discovery from “compelling reasons” standard when merits- 9 related documents are part of court record
How later courts described this case
- distinguishing “good cause” showing for sealing 8 documents produced in discovery from “compelling reasons” standard when merits- 9 related documents are part of court record
- even stipulated protective orders require good cause 27 showing
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
1 SCseOdTelTm Aan. @EDgiEbLsoMnAduNn,n S.cBoNm 116927
2 ILISSA SAMPLIN, SBN 314018
isamplin@gibsondunn.com
3 2029 Century Park East
Suite 4000
4 Los Angeles, CA 90067-3026
Telephone: 310.552.8500
5 Facsimile: 310.551.8741
6 GABRIELLE LEVIN, pro hac vice
glevin@gibsondunn.com
7 200 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10166-0193
8 Telephone: 212.351.4000
Facsimile: 212.351.4035
9
Attorneys for APPLE INC.
10
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
11
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
12
FOUR JAYS MUSIC COMPANY and CASE NO. 2:19-cv-07952-FMO-MAA
13 JULIA RIVA,
[PROPOSED] PROTECTIVE ORDER
14 Plaintiffs, FOR THE TREATMENT OF
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
15 v.
[DISCOVERY MATTER]
16 APPLE INC., GOOGLE LLC, THE
ORCHARD ENTERPRISES, INC., Judge: Hon. Fernando M. Olguin
17 ORCHARD ENTERPRISES NY, INC.,
and CLEOPATRA RECORDS, INC.,
18
Defendants.
19
20
21 1. INTRODUCTION
22 1.A Purposes and Limitations. Discovery in this action is likely to involve
23 production of confidential, proprietary or private information for which special
24 protection from public disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecuting
25 this litigation may be warranted. Accordingly, the parties hereby stipulate to and
26 petition the Court to enter the following Stipulated Protective Order. The parties
27 acknowledge that this Order does not confer blanket protections on all disclosures or
28 responses to discovery and that the protection it affords from public disclosure and use
1 extends only to the limited information or items that are entitled to confidential
2 treatment under the applicable legal principles.
3 1.B Good Cause Statement. The parties anticipate that documents, testimony,
4 or information containing or reflecting confidential, proprietary, trade secret, and/or
5 commercially sensitive information are likely to be disclosed or produced during the
6 course of this litigation. To expedite the production of discovery material, to facilitate
7 the prompt resolution of disputes over confidentiality of discovery material, to
8 adequately protect information the parties are entitled to keep confidential, to ensure that
9 only the materials the parties are entitled to keep confidential are subject to such
10 treatment, and to ensure that the parties are permitted reasonably necessary uses of
11 confidential discovery material in preparation for and in the conduct of this litigation. It
12 is the intent of the parties that information will not be designated as confidential for
13 tactical reasons and that nothing be so designated without a good faith belief that it has
14 been maintained in a confidential, non-public manner, and there is good cause why it
15 should not be part of the public record of this case.
16 1.C Acknowledgement of Procedure for Filing Under Seal. The parties further
17 acknowledge that this Stipulated Protective Order does not entitle them to file
18 confidential information under seal; Local Civil Rule 79-5 sets forth the procedures that
19 must be followed and the standards that will be applied when a Party seeks permission
20 from the court to file material under seal.
21 There is a strong presumption that the public has a right of access to judicial
22 proceedings and records in civil cases. In connection with non-dispositive motions, good
23 cause must be shown to support a filing under seal. See Kamakana v. City and County
24 of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1176 (9th Cir. 2006), Phillips v. Gen. Motors Corp., 307
25 F.3d 1206, 1210-11 (9th Cir. 2002), Makar-Welbon v. Sony Electrics, Inc., 187 F.R.D.
26 576, 577 (E.D. Wis. 1999) (even stipulated protective orders require good cause
27 showing), and a specific showing of good cause or compelling reasons with proper
28
2
1 evidentiary support and legal justification, must be made with respect to Protected
2 Information that a Party seeks to file under seal. The parties’ mere designation of
3 Disclosure or Discovery Material as CONFIDENTIAL does not — without the
4 submission of competent evidence by declaration, establishing that the material sought
5 to be filed under seal qualifies as confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable—
6 constitute good cause.
7 Further, if a Party requests sealing related to a dispositive motion or trial, then
8 compelling reasons, not only good cause, for the sealing must be shown, and the relief
9 sought shall be narrowly tailored to serve the specific interest to be protected. See Pintos
10 v. Pacific Creditors Ass’n, 605 F.3d 665, 677-79 (9th Cir. 2010). For each item or type
11 of information, document, or thing sought to be filed or introduced under seal in
12 connection with a dispositive motion or trial, the Party seeking protection must articulate
13 compelling reasons, supported by specific facts and legal justification, for the requested
14 sealing order. Again, competent evidence supporting the application to file documents
15 under seal must be provided by declaration.
16 Any document that is not confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable in its
17 entirety will not be filed under seal if the confidential portions can be redacted. If
18 documents can be redacted, then a redacted version for public viewing, omitting only
19 the confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable portions of the document, shall be
20 filed. Any application that seeks to file documents under seal in their entirety should
21 include an explanation of why redaction is not feasible.
22 2. DEFINITIONS
23 2.1 Action: this lawsuit, captioned Four Jays Music Co. et al. v. Apple Inc. et.
24 al., NO. 2:19-cv-07952-FMO-MAA.
25 2.2 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the designation of
26 information or items under this Order.
27
28
3
1 2.3 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information that is non-public
2 and (i) concerns or relates to proprietary commercial or business information, including,
3 but not limited to, trade secrets, financial data, pricing information, contracts and
4 agreements, sales information, sales or marketing forecasts or plans, business plans,
5 sales or marketing strategy, product development information, engineering documents,
6 testing documents, employee information, and other non-public information; (ii) must
7 be held confidential to protect personal privacy interests; (iii) was obtained from a
8 nonparty pursuant to a current Nondisclosure Agreement (“NDA”); (iv) the producing
9 party is under a legal obligation to maintain as confidential; (v) constitutes or reflects
10 commercial agreements, settlement agreements or settlement communications; and/or
11 (vi) the producing party or non-party in good faith believes is subject to a compelling
12 need for privacy.
13 2.4 “CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY” Information or Items:
14 information that qualifies as “CONFIDENTIAL” information, and contains extremely
15 sensitive information, the disclosure of which to another party would create a risk of
16 competitive injury, including but not limited to: (i) marketing, financial, sales, web
17 traffic, research and development, or technical, data or information; (ii) commercially
18 sensitive competitive information, including, without limitation, information obtained
19 from a Non-Party pursuant to a current Nondisclosure Agreement (“NDA”);
20 (iii) information or data relating to future products not yet commercially released and/or
21 strategic plans; (iv) trade secret, or other confidential research and development
22 information; and (v) commercial agreements, settlement agreements or settlement
23 communications, the disclosure of which is likely to cause harm to the competitive
24 position of the Producing Party.
25 2.5 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designates information or
26 items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as “CONFIDENTIAL”
27 or “CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY.”
28
4
1 2.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless of
2 the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained (including, among
3 other things, documents, tangible things, physical objects, written discovery responses,
4 responses to requests for admission, testimony, transcripts, data, or other information
5 and/or materials), that are produced or generated in disclosures or responses to discovery
6 in this Action.
7 2.7 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter
8 pertinent to the Action who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve as an
9 Expert witness or as a consultant in this Action.
10 2.8 In-House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a Party to this Action.
11 In-House Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other outside
12 counsel.
13 2.9 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, or
14 other legal entity not named as a Party to this Action.
15 2.10 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a Party
16 to this Action but are retained to represent or advise a Party to this Action and have
17 appeared in this Action on behalf of that Party or are affiliated with a law firm which
18 has appeared on behalf of that Party, and includes support staff (e.g., attorneys,
19 paralegals, legal translators, legal secretaries, law clerks, project managers and litigation
20 support personnel).
21 2.11 Party: any party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors,
22 employees, and consultants.
23 2.12 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or
24 Discovery Material in this Action.
25 2.13 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation support
26 services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or
27 demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium) and
28
5
1 their employees and subcontractors.
2 2.14 Protected Information: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is
3 designated as “CONFIDENTIAL” or “CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL
4 ONLY.”
5 2.15 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery Material
6 from a Producing Party.
7 3. SCOPE
8 The protections conferred by this Order cover not only Protected Information (as
9 defined above), but also (1) any information copied or extracted from Protected
10 Information; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries or compilations of Protected
11 Information; and (3) any testimony, conversations or presentations by Parties or their
12 counsel that might reveal Protected Information.
13 The Parties agree that this Order does not address the production of source code
14 (including source code and source code listings, object code and object code listings,
15 executable code and similar sensitive software code, whether in electronic or printed
16 form). Should such source code be identified for production, the Party requesting the
17 source code will provide notices to all other Parties before engaging the Producing Party
18 in negotiations regarding a source code protective order and all Parties will collectively
19 negotiate a protective order governing the production of source code.
20 Nothing in this Order shall limit any Producing Party’s review, use or disclosure
21 of its own Protected Information in any manner that it deems appropriate.
22 4. DURATION
23 Even after final disposition of this Action, the confidentiality obligations imposed
24 by this Order shall remain in effect, except as to materials for which the Designating
25 Party agrees otherwise in writing or a court order otherwise directs. Final disposition
26 shall be deemed to be the later of (1) dismissal of all claims and defenses in this Action,
27 with or without prejudice; and (2) final judgment herein after the completion and
28
6
1 exhaustion of all appeals, rehearings, remands, trials, or reviews of this Action, including
2 the time limits for filing any motions or applications for extension of time pursuant to
3 applicable law.
4 5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED INFORMATION
5 5.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection. Each
6 Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for protection under this Order
7 must take care to limit any such designation to specific material that qualifies under the
8 appropriate standards. The Designating Party must designate for protection only those
9 parts of material, documents, items, or oral or written communications that qualify so
10 that other portions of the material, documents, items, or communications for which
11 protection is not warranted are not swept unjustifiably within the ambit of this Order.
12 Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. Designations that
13 are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper purpose (e.g.,
14 to unnecessarily encumber the case development process or to impose unnecessary
15 expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the Designating Party to sanctions.
16 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it
17 designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party must
18 promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable designation.
19 5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in this
20 Order, or as otherwise stipulated or ordered, Disclosure or Discovery Material that
21 qualifies for protection under this Order must be clearly so designated before the
22 material is disclosed or produced.
23 Designation in conformity with this Order requires:
24 (a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic documents,
25 but excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial proceedings), that the
26 Producing Party affix at a minimum, the legend “CONFIDENTIAL” or
27 “CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY” to each page that contains
28
7
1 Protected Information. If only a portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies
2 for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s)
3 (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).
4 A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents available for inspection need
5 not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party has indicated which
6 documents it would like copied and produced. During the inspection and before the
7 designation, all of the material made available for inspection shall be deemed
8 “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has identified the documents
9 it wants copied and produced, the Producing Party must determine which documents, or
10 portions thereof, qualify for protection under this Order. Then, before producing the
11 specified documents, the Producing Party must affix the “CONFIDENTIAL” or
12 “CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY” legend to each page that contains
13 Protected Information. If only a portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies
14 for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s)
15 (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).
16 (b) for testimony given in depositions, the testimony may be designated as
17 CONFIDENTIAL or CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY by any Party
18 or Non-Party by making a statement orally to that effect on the record at any time during
19 the deposition. Alternatively, within thirty (30) days of receipt of the final certified
20 transcript of any deposition, any Party or Non-Party may request that the original and all
21 copies of the deposition transcript, in whole or in part, be marked CONFIDENTIAL or
22 CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY. Confidential designations shall be
23 made by notifying all parties in writing of the specific pages and lines of the transcript
24 and/or portions of the recording that should be treated as Protected Information. In the
25 case of a Non-Party witness, testimony can be designated as CONFIDENTIAL or
26 CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY by a Party, the Non-Party witness or
27 upon agreement of the Parties. All transcripts or recordings of depositions or other
28
8
1 pretrial proceedings shall be treated by default as CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE
2 COUNSEL ONLY until the expiration of the time to make a confidentiality designation
3 or until written notice of a designation is received, whichever occurs first, unless
4 otherwise agreed to by the Parties. Any portions so designated shall thereafter be treated
5 in accordance with the terms of this Order. A court reporter taking and/or transcribing
6 such deposition shall separately bind such portions of the transcript designated
7 hereunder, and shall label such portions to clearly identify the designation provided.
8 In the event a deposition with Protected Information is videotaped, the original
9 and all copies of the videotape shall be marked by the video technician to indicate that
10 the contents of the videotape are subject to this Order, substantially along the lines of
11 “This videotape contains confidential testimony used in this case and is not to be viewed
12 or the contents thereof to be displayed or revealed except pursuant to the terms of the
13 operative Protective Order in this matter or pursuant to written stipulation of the Parties.”
14 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and for any
15 other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on the exterior
16 of the container or containers in which the information is stored the legend
17 “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion or portions of the information warrants protection,
18 the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the protected portion(s).
19 5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent failure
20 to designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive the
21 Designating Party’s right to secure protection under this Order for such material. Upon
22 timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party must make reasonable efforts to
23 assure that the material is treated in accordance with the provisions of this Order.
24 5.4 Upward Designation. A party may upward designate (i.e., change any
25 documents or other material produced without a designation to a designation of
26 CONFIDENTIAL or CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY, or change any
27 Protected Information produced as CONFIDENTIAL to a designation of
28
9
1 CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY) any Discovery Material produced
2 by any other Party or Non-Party, provided that said Discovery Material contains the
3 upward Designating Party’s own Protected Information, or otherwise is entitled to
4 protective treatment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c). Upward designation shall be
5 accomplished by providing written notice to all parties identifying (by bates number or
6 other individually identifiable information) the Discovery Material to be re-designated
7 within sixty (60) days of production by the Producing Party. Failure to upward designate
8 within sixty (60) days of production, alone, will not prevent a Party from obtaining the
9 agreement of all parties to upward designate certain Discovery Material or from moving
10 the Court for such relief. Any Party may object to the upward designation of Discovery
11 Material pursuant to the procedures set forth herein regarding challenging designations.
12 6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS
13 6.1 Timing of Challenges. A Party shall not be obligated to challenge the
14 propriety of a designation of any category of Protected Information at the time of
15 production, and a failure to do so shall not preclude a subsequent challenge thereto.
16 6.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party shall initiate the dispute
17 resolution process under Local Rule 37.1 et seq. and Section 4 of Judge Audero’s
18 Procedures (“Mandatory Telephonic Conference for Discovery Disputes”).1 The Parties
19 shall use their best efforts to resolve promptly and informally such disputes and shall
20 advise one another of both the factual and legal basis for their respective positions. If
21 an agreement cannot be reached, the Receiving Party may request that the Court cancel
22 or modify a designation. The Receiving Party must certify in its request that it has
23 engaged the Producing Party in the required informal effort to resolve the issue, and
24 must include in its request the Producing Party’s stated reasoning for the designation.
25
26
27
1 Judge Audero’s Procedures are available at https://www.cacd.uscourts.gov/
28 honorable-maria-audero.
10
1 6.3 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be on the
2 Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper purpose (e.g.,
3 to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the
4 Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the Designating Party has waived or withdrawn
5 the confidentiality designation, until a determination by the Court, the Protected
6 Information in issue shall be treated as having been properly designated and subject to
7 the terms of this Order.
8 7. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED INFORMATION
9 7.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Information that is
10 disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with this Action
11 only for prosecuting, defending, or attempting to settle this Action. Such Protected
12 Information may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and under the conditions
13 described in this Order. When the Action has been terminated, a Receiving Party must
14 comply with the provisions of Section 16 below (FINAL DISPOSITION).
15 Protected Information must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at a
16 location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the persons
17 authorized under this Order.
18 To the extent that any one of Defendants in this litigation provides Protected
19 Information under the terms of this Order to Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs shall not share that
20 material with the other Defendants in this litigation, absent express written permission
21 from the producing Defendant. This Order does not confer any right to any one
22 Defendant to access the Protected Information of any other Defendant.
23 7.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless otherwise
24 ordered by the Court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, a Receiving
25 Party may disclose any information or item designated “CONFIDENTIAL” only to:
26 (a) The Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record;
27
28
11
1 (b) The former and current officers, directors, and employees (including
2 In-House Counsel and in-house legal staff) of the Receiving Party to whom disclosure
3 is reasonably necessary for this Action;
4 (c) Technical advisers and their necessary support personnel engaged by
5 Outside Counsel of Record for the Parties, subject to the provisions of Section 10 herein,
6 and provided that such individuals have first been given a copy of this Order and have
7 executed the Confidentiality Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A. Subject to any
8 applicable restrictions, said counsel shall retain each signed Exhibit A, and produce it to
9 opposing counsel either prior to such person being permitted to testify (at deposition or
10 trial) or at the conclusion of the case, whichever comes first. The term “technical
11 adviser” shall mean independent outside Expert witnesses, consulting Experts, or
12 consultants (i.e., not employees of a Party) retained by Outside Counsel of Record who
13 are deemed reasonably necessary to assist such counsel in connection with this litigation,
14 provided that disclosure is only to the extent necessary to perform such work; and
15 provided that: (a) such advisor is not anticipated at the time of retention to become an
16 officer, director or employee of a Party; (b) no unresolved objections to such disclosure
17 exist after proper notice has been given to all parties as set forth in Section 10;
18 (d) Professional Vendors engaged by Outside Counsel of Record, to the
19 extent reasonably necessary to assist such counsel in connection with this Action,
20 including but not limited to (i) legal translators retained to translate in connection with
21 this action; (ii) independent stenographic reporters and videographers retained to record
22 and transcribe testimony in connection with this action; (iii) graphics or design services
23 retained by counsel for purposes of preparing demonstrative or other exhibits for
24 deposition, trial, or other court proceedings in the actions; (iv) non-technical jury or trial
25 consulting services; (v) electronic discovery vendors retained to assist with the
26 organization and management of electronic discovery; and (vi) private investigators,
27 provided that such persons or entities have first been given a copy of this Order and have
28
12
1 executed the Confidentiality Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A. Subject to any
2 applicable restrictions, counsel shall retain each signed Exhibit A, and produce it to
3 opposing counsel at the conclusion of the case;
4 (e) Any fact witness during the course of a deposition;
5 (f) The Court and its personnel, any other person (such as a master or
6 mediator) who serves in a judicial or quasi-judicial function, professional stenographic
7 reporters engaged to transcribe testimony (under seal or with other suitable precautions
8 determined by the Court), and jurors; and
9 (g) Any other persons as to whom all the parties in writing agree,
10 provided that such persons have first been given a copy of this Order and have executed
11 the Confidentiality Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A.
12 7.4 Only those persons permitted to review Protected Information designated
13 CONFIDENTIAL may attend depositions at which Protected Information designated
14 CONFIDENTIAL is used or discussed.
15 7.5 A Receiving Party may disclose to mock jurors materials prepared by any
16 Outside Counsel of Record that are derived from information or items designated
17 CONFIDENTIAL, so long as the derivative materials do not include the as-produced
18 information itself. Before a mock juror receives such information, the mock juror must
19 first been given a copy of this Order and have executed the Confidentiality Agreement
20 attached hereto as Exhibit A. The mock juror to whom the Protected Information is
21 disclosed shall not give, show, or otherwise divulge any of the information contained
22 therein to any entity or person except as specifically provided for by this Order.
23 7.6 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY”
24 Information or Items. Unless otherwise ordered by the Court or permitted in writing by
25 the Designating Party, a Receiving Party may disclose any information or item
26 designated “CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY” only to the persons or
27
28
13
1 entities listed in paragraphs 7.2. (a), (c), (d), (e), (f), and (g), subject to any terms set
2 forth or incorporated therein.
3 8. PROTECTED INFORMATION SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED
4 PRODUCED IN OTHER LITIGATION
5 If at any time documents containing Protected Information produced in this
6 Action are subpoenaed by any court, arbitral, administrative or legislative body, or are
7 otherwise requested in discovery, the person to whom the subpoena or other request is
8 directed must:
9 (a) give written notice thereof within five (5) business days to every Party or Non-
10 Party who has produced such documents and to its counsel, and shall provide each such
11 Party with an opportunity to object to the production of such documents;
12 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to issue
13 in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena or order
14 is subject to this Protective Order. Such notification shall include a copy of this
15 Protective Order; and
16 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued by
17 the Designating Party whose Protected Information may be affected.
18 If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with the
19 subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this action as
20 “CONFIDENTIAL” or “CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY” before a
21 determination by the court from which the subpoena or order issued, unless the Party
22 has obtained the Designating Party’s permission. The Designating Party shall bear the
23 burden and expense of seeking protection in that court of its confidential material and
24 nothing in these provisions should be construed as authorizing or encouraging a
25 Receiving Party in this Action to disobey a lawful directive from another court.
26
27
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14
1 9. USE OF PROTECTED INFORMATION AT HEARING OR TRIAL
2 Once the case proceeds to trial, information that was designated as
3 CONFIDENTIAL or maintained pursuant to this protective order used or introduced as
4 an exhibit at trial becomes public and will be presumptively available to all members of
5 the public, including the press, unless compelling reasons supported by specific factual
6 findings to proceed otherwise are made to the trial judge in advance of the trial. See
7 Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1180-81 (distinguishing “good cause” showing for sealing
8 documents produced in discovery from “compelling reasons” standard when merits-
9 related documents are part of court record). Accordingly, the terms of this protective
10 order do not extend beyond the commencement of the trial.
11 In the event that a Party intends to use any Protected Information on its direct case
12 during any hearing or trial, that Party shall provide a minimum of two (2) business days’
13 notice to the Producing Party. In the event a Party intends to use any Protected
14 Information on cross-examination or in any other way during any hearing or trial, that
15 Party shall provide sufficient notice to the Producing Party that an objection may be
16 made and/or the use of the Protected Information may be shielded from public
17 disclosure. Subject to challenges under Section 6, the parties will not oppose any
18 reasonable request by the Producing Party that courtroom be sealed, if allowed by the
19 Court, during the presentation of any testimony, evidence, or argument relating to or
20 involving the use of any Protected Information.
21 10. DISCLOSURE TO EXPERTS OR TECHNICAL ADVISERS
22 10.1 Purpose. Protected Information designated by the Producing Party and
23 such copies of Protected Information as are reasonably necessary for maintaining,
24 defending, or evaluating this litigation may be furnished and disclosed to the Receiving
25 Party’s Experts and/or technical advisers and their necessary support personnel.
26 10.2 No Disclosure Without Protective Order Subscription. No disclosure of
27 Protected Information to an Expert or technical adviser or their necessary support
28
15
1 personnel shall occur until that person has signed the form attached hereto as Exhibit
2 A.
3 10.3 Prior Notice of Intent to Disclose Protected Information to an Expert. A
4 Party desiring to disclose Protected Information to an Expert shall also give prior written
5 notice of the intended disclosure by email to all Outside Counsel of Record in the Action.
6 The Producing Party shall have ten (10) business days after such notice is given to object
7 in writing to the disclosure. No Protected Information shall be disclosed to such
8 Expert(s) until after the expiration of the foregoing notice period and resolution of any
9 objection.
10 11. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED INFORMATION
11 If a Receiving Party learns that it has disclosed Protected Information to any
12 person or in any circumstance not authorized under this Stipulated Protective Order, and
13 pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 502(d) & (e), the Receiving Party must
14 immediately (a) notify in writing the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures,
15 (b) use its best efforts to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the Protected Information,
16 (c) inform the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the
17 terms of this Order, and (d) request such person or persons to execute the
18 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” that is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
19 12. LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF PROTECTED INFORMATION
20 12.1 Restrictions on Use of Protected Information. All Protected Information
21 shall be held in strict confidence by each person to whom it is disclosed, shall be used
22 only for purposes of the prosecution, defense, or settlement of this litigation, shall not
23 be used for any other purpose, including, without limitation, any other business or
24 competitive purpose or in connection with any other legal proceeding, and shall not be
25 disclosed to any person who is not entitled to receive such Protected Information as
26 herein provided. All produced Protected Information shall be carefully maintained so
27
28
16
1 as to preclude access by persons who are not entitled to receive such Protected
2 Information.
3 12.2 Secure Storage; No Export. Protected Information must be stored and
4 maintained by a Receiving Party at a location in the United States and in a secure manner
5 that ensures that access is limited to the persons authorized under this Order. To ensure
6 compliance with applicable United States Export Administration Regulations, Protected
7 Information may not be exported outside the United States or released to any foreign
8 national (even if within the United States).
9 12.3 Examinations and Court Filings Concerning Protected Information.
10 Except as may be otherwise ordered by the Court, any person may be examined as a
11 witness at depositions and trial and may testify concerning all Protected Information of
12 which such person has prior knowledge.
13 (a) Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing:
14 (i) A present director, officer, and/or employee of a Producing
15 Party may be examined and may testify concerning all Protected Information
16 which has been produced by that Party and of which the witness has personal
17 knowledge;
18 (ii) A former director, officer, agent and/or employee of a
19 Producing Party may be examined and may testify concerning all Protected
20 Information of which he or she has personal knowledge, including any Protected
21 Information that refers to matters of which the witness has personal knowledge,
22 which has been produced by that Party and which pertains to the period or periods
23 of his or her employment; and
24 (iii) Non-parties may be examined or testify concerning any
25 Protected Information of a Producing Party, which appears on its face or from
26 other documents or testimony to have been received from or communicated to the
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1 Non-Party as a result of any contact or relationship with the Producing Prty or a
2 representative of the Producing Party.
3 (b) Any person other than the witness, his or her attorney(s), or any person
4 qualified to receive Protected Information under this Order shall be excluded from the
5 portion of the examination or testimony concerning such Protected Information, unless
6 the Producing Party consents to persons other than qualified recipients being present at
7 the examination or testimony. If the witness is represented by an attorney who is not
8 qualified under this Order to receive such Protected Information, then prior to the
9 examination or testimony, the attorney must provide a signed statement, in the form of
10 Exhibit A hereto, that he or she will comply with the terms of this Order and maintain
11 the confidentiality of Protected Information disclosed during the course of the
12 examination or testimony. In the event that such attorney declines to sign such a
13 statement prior to the examination, the parties, by their attorneys, shall jointly seek a
14 protective order from the Court prohibiting the attorney from disclosing Protected
15 Information.
16 (c) Every fact witness shall be informed at the start of a deposition that he or
17 she may be shown documents designated as Protected Information in this litigation, and
18 that such Protected Information and the contents therein are being furnished to the
19 witness solely for use in this litigation. Every fact witness shall be shown a copy of this
20 Order. No fact witness may retain any documents designated as Protected Information.
21 (d) All transcripts of depositions, exhibits, answers to interrogatories,
22 pleadings, briefs, and other documents submitted to the Court that have been designated
23 as Protected Information shall be filed under seal unless the Court orders otherwise. If
24 such documents can be redacted, then a redacted version for public viewing, omitting
25 only the portions of the document containing Protected Information, shall be filed. A
26 Party that seeks to file under seal any Protected Information must comply with Local
27 Civil Rule 79-5. Protected Information may only be filed under seal pursuant to a Court
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1 order authorizing the sealing of the specific Protected Information at issue. If a Party’s
2 request to file Protected Information under seal is denied by the Court, then the
3 Receiving Party may file the information in the public record unless otherwise instructed
4 by the Court. To avoid unnecessary sealing of Court records and motion practice
5 relating to sealed filings, any Party preparing a filing with the Court that may contain
6 Protected Information may identify to the Producing Party or Non-Party the specific
7 Protected Information at issue and request a waiver of the confidentiality protections for
8 that specific Protected Information. Upon receipt of such a request to waive
9 confidentiality protections, the Producing Party or Non-Party shall respond in good faith
10 within three (3) business days.
11 (e) Outside Counsel of Record for the Parties are hereby authorized to be the
12 persons who may retrieve confidential exhibits and/or other confidential matters filed
13 with the Court upon termination of this litigation without further order of this Court, and
14 are the persons to whom such confidential exhibits or other confidential matters may be
15 returned by the Clerk of the Court, if they are not so retrieved. No material or copies
16 thereof so filed shall be released, except by order of the Court, to Outside Counsel of
17 Record, or as otherwise provided for hereunder.
18 (f) Protected Information shall not be copied or otherwise produced by a
19 Receiving Party, except for transmission to persons qualified to receive Protected
20 Information under this Order. Nothing herein shall, however, restrict a qualified
21 recipient from making working copies, abstracts, digests and analyses of Protected
22 Information designated CONFIDENTIAL or CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE
23 COUNSEL ONLY for use in connection with this litigation, and such working copies,
24 abstracts, digests and analyses shall be deemed Protected Information under the terms
25 of this Order. Further, nothing herein shall restrict a qualified recipient from converting
26 or translating Protected Information designated CONFIDENTIAL or CONFIDENTIAL
27 – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY into machine-readable form for incorporation into a
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1 data retrieval system used in connection with this action, provided that access to that
2 Protected Information, in whatever form stored or reproduced, shall be limited to
3 qualified recipients.
4 (g) Counsel for any Producing Party shall have the right to exclude from oral
5 depositions, other than the deponent, deponent’s counsel, the reporter and videographer
6 (if any), any person who is not authorized by this Order to receive or access Protected
7 Information based on the designation of such Protected Information. Such right of
8 exclusion shall be applicable only during periods of examination or testimony regarding
9 such Protected Information.
10 12.4 Unauthorized Disclosure of Protected Information. If a Receiving Party
11 learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed Protected Information to any
12 person or in any circumstance not authorized under this Order, the Receiving Party must
13 immediately: (i) notify in writing (by fax or email) the Producing Party of the
14 unauthorized disclosure(s); (ii) use its best efforts to retrieve all copies of the Protected
15 Information; (iii) inform the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were
16 made of all the terms of this Order; and (iv) request that such person or persons execute
17 the confidentiality agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A. Compliance with this
18 paragraph VI.D upon the discovery of an unauthorized disclosure of Protected
19 Information is mandatory and shall not excuse a violation of this Order or exempt a
20 violating party from sanctions pursuant to paragraph VI.E below.
21 12.5 Violations. If any Party violates the limitations on the use of Protected
22 Information as described in this Section 12, any other Party may request that sanctions
23 be ordered by the Court. In the event motion practice is required to enforce the terms of
24 this Order, and a Party is found by a Court to have willfully violated the terms of this
25 Order, the prevailing party on such a motion shall be awarded costs, expenses, and fees,
26 including attorney or other professional fees, incurred in connection with the discovery
27 of the violation and the preparation, filing, and arguing of the motion or any other
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1 proceedings resulting from the violation.
2 13. NON-PARTY USE OF THIS PROTECTIVE ORDER
3 13.1 Purpose. A Non-Party producing Discovery Material voluntarily or
4 pursuant to a subpoena or a court order may designate such Discovery Material as
5 Protected Information pursuant to the terms of this Order.
6 13.2 Non-Party Access. A Non-Party’s use of this Order to protect its
7 Protected Information does not entitle that Non-Party access to the Protected
8 Information produced by any Party or Non-Party in this case.
9 14. NO WAIVER OF PRIVILEGE
10 Nothing in this Protective Order shall require production of Discovery Material
11 that a Party contends is protected from disclosure by the attorney-client privilege, the
12 work product immunity, common interest doctrine, or other privilege, doctrine, right, or
13 immunity (collectively “Privileged Information”). If Privileged Information is
14 nevertheless inadvertently or unintentionally produced, such production shall in no way
15 prejudice or otherwise constitute a waiver or estoppel as to any such privilege, doctrine,
16 right or immunity. Any Party that inadvertently produces Privileged Information may
17 obtain the return of those materials by promptly notifying the recipient(s) and expressly
18 articulating the basis for the asserted privilege or immunity. The recipient(s) shall
19 promptly gather and return all copies of the inadvertently produced Privileged
20 Information to the Producing Party, or promptly certify in writing to the Producing Party
21 that they have been destroyed and/or deleted. Notwithstanding this provision, Outside
22 Counsel of Record are not required to delete inadvertently produced Privileged
23 Information that may reside on their respective firm’s electronic back-up systems that
24 are over-written in the normal course of business, provided such inadvertently produced
25 Privileged Information is not used for any other purpose following counsel’s receipt of
26 the Producing Party’s notice that the Privileged Information should not have been
27 produced. Disputes regarding whether Discovery Material is discoverable shall be
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1 resolved in the same manner as disputes regarding whether Discovery Material that has
2 been produced qualifies as Protected Information, subject to the terms of this Order.
3 15. MISCELLANEOUS
4 15.1 Waiver. Any of the notice requirements herein may be waived, in whole
5 or in part, but only in writing (including by fax or email) signed by the attorney-in-
6 charge for the Party against whom such waiver will be effective.
7 15.2 Inadvertent or Unintentional Production. Inadvertent or unintentional
8 production of documents or things containing Protected Information that are not
9 designated as one of the categories of Protected Information at the time of production
10 shall not be deemed a waiver in whole or in part of a claim for confidential
11 treatment. With respect to documents, the Producing Party shall immediately upon
12 discovery notify the other parties of the error in writing and provide replacement pages
13 bearing the appropriate confidentiality legend. In the event of any disclosure of
14 Protected Information other than in a manner authorized by this Protective Order,
15 including any unintentional or inadvertent disclosure, counsel for the Party responsible
16 for the disclosure shall immediately notify opposing counsel of all of the pertinent facts,
17 and make every effort to further prevent unauthorized disclosure including, retrieving
18 all copies of the Protected Information from the recipient(s) thereof, and securing the
19 agreement of the recipients not to further disseminate the Protected Information in any
20 form. Compliance with the foregoing shall not prevent the Producing Party from
21 seeking further relief from the Court. Compliance with this paragraph VIII.B shall not
22 excuse a violation of this Order or exempt a violating party from sanctions pursuant to
23 paragraph V.D above.
24 Any Party receiving such inadvertently unmarked Protected Information shall,
25 within five (5) business days of receipt of the substitute copies, destroy or return to the
26 law firm representing the Producing Party all copies of such mis-designated documents.
27 Following any redesignation of material as Protected Information, the receiving such
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1 Protected Information shall take reasonable steps to comply with the redesignation,
2 including, without limitation, retrieving all copies and excerpts of any redesignated
3 Protected Information from persons not entitled to receive it as re-designated.
4 15.2 Communications with Testifying Experts. Testifying Experts shall not be
5 subject to discovery of any draft of their reports in this case and such draft reports, notes,
6 outlines, or any other writings leading up to an issued report(s) in this litigation are
7 exempt from discovery. In addition, all communications between counsel for a Party
8 and that Party’s testifying Expert, and all materials generated by a testifying Expert with
9 respect to that person’s work, are exempt from discovery unless they relate to the
10 Expert’s compensation or identify facts, data or assumptions relied upon by the Expert
11 in forming any opinions in this litigation and such information is not already disclosed
12 in the Expert’s report.
13 15.3 Modification of Protections. This Order is entered without prejudice to the
14 right of any Party, either by agreement with other parties to this action, or by applying
15 to the Court if agreement cannot be reached among parties, to extend additional
16 protection, or to reduce or rescind the restrictions of this Order, when convenience or
17 necessity requires. Furthermore, without application to the Court, any Party that is a
18 beneficiary of the protections of this Order may enter a written agreement releasing any
19 other Party hereto from one or more requirements of this Order even if the conduct
20 subject to the release would otherwise violate the terms herein.
21 15.4 No Agreement Concerning Discoverability. The identification or agreed
22 upon treatment of certain types of Discovery Material does not reflect agreement by the
23 parties that the disclosure of such categories of Discovery Material is required or
24 appropriate in this action. The parties reserve the right to argue that any particular
25 category of Discovery Material should not be produced.
26 15.5 Section Headings. The section headings used in this Order shall be intended
27 for convenience only and shall not be deemed to supersede or modify any provisions.
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1 15.5 Interpretation, Enforcement and Continuing Jurisdiction. The United States
2 District Court for the Central District of California is responsible for the interpretation
3 and enforcement of this Agreed Protective Order. After termination of this litigation,
4 the provisions of this Agreed Protective Order shall continue to be binding until the
5 Designating Party agrees otherwise in writing or a Court order otherwise directs, except
6 with respect to that Discovery Material that becomes a matter of public record. This
7 Court retains and shall have continuing jurisdiction over the parties and recipients of the
8 Protected Information for enforcement of the provision of this Agreed Protective Order
9 following termination of this litigation. All disputes concerning Protected Information
10 produced under the protection of this Agreed Protective Order shall be resolved by the
11 United States District Court for the Central District of California.
12 16. FINAL DISPOSITION
13 Within sixty (60) business days after the entry of a final non-appealable judgment
14 or order, or the expiration of the deadline for any Party to appeal any final judgment or
15 order, each Party shall, at the option of the Producing Party, either return or destroy all
16 physical objects and documents which embody Protected Information it has received,
17 and shall destroy in whatever form stored or reproduced, all physical objects and
18 documents, including but not limited to, correspondence, memoranda, notes and other
19 work product materials, which contain or refer to any category of Protected
20 Information. All Protected Information not embodied in physical objects and documents
21 shall remain subject to this Order. In the event that a Party is dismissed before the entry
22 of a final non-appealable judgment or order, this same procedure shall apply to any
23 Protected Information received from or produced to the dismissed
24 Party. Notwithstanding this provision, Outside Counsel of Record are not required to
25 delete Protected Information that may reside on their respective firm’s electronic back-
26 up systems that are over-written in the normal course of business. Notwithstanding the
27 foregoing, Outside Counsel of Record shall be entitled to maintain two (2) copies of all
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1 pleadings, motions and trial briefs (including all supporting and opposing papers and
2 exhibits thereto), written discovery requests and responses (and exhibits thereto),
3 deposition transcripts (and exhibits thereto), trial transcripts, and exhibits offered or
4 introduced into evidence at any hearing or trial, and their attorney work product which
5 refers or is related to any Protected Information designated CONFIDENTIAL or
6 CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY for archival purposes only. If a
7 Party opts to destroy Protected Information designated CONFIDENTIAL or
8 CONFIDENTIAL – OUTSIDE COUNSEL ONLY, the Party must provide a Certificate
9 of Destruction to the Producing Party.
10
11 IT IS SO STIPULATED, THROUGH COUNSEL OF RECORD.
12
DATED: April 9, 2020
13
MATTHEW F. SCHWARTZ
14
BRIAN S. LEVENSON
SCHWARTZ, PONTERIO & LEVENSON,
15
PLLC
16
OREN S. GISKAN
17
GISKAN SOLOTAROFF & ANDERSON LLP
18
By: /s/ Matthew F. Schwartz
19
Matthew F. Schwartz
20
Attorneys for PLAINTIFFS
21
22
SCOTT A. EDELMAN
GABRIELLE LEVIN
23
ILISSA SAMPLIN
24
GIBSON, DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP
25
By: /s/ Scott A. Edelman
26
Scott A. Edelman
27
Attorneys for APPLE INC.
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1 PETER ANDERSON
2
SEAN SULLIVAN
3 ARLEEN FERNANDEZ
4 DAVIS WRIGHT TREMAINE LLP
5
By: /s/ Peter Anderson
6
Peter Anderson
7
Attorneys for CLEOPATRA RECORDS,
8
INC.
9
10
JOHN NADOLENCO
11 A. JOHN P. MANCINI
OLENA V. RIPNICK-O’FARRELL
12
13 MAYER BROWN LLP
14
By: /s/ John Nadolenco
15 John Nadolenco
16
Attorneys for Defendant GOOGLE LLC
17
18
KENNETH L. STEINTHAL
19 JOSEPH N. AKROTIRIANAKIS
20 KING & SPALDING LLP
21 By: /s/ Kenneth L. Steinthal
22 Kenneth L. Steinthal
23 Attorneys for Defendants THE ORCHARD
ENTERPRISES, INC. and ORCHARD
24 ENTERPRISES, NY, INC.
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1 || I attest that all other signatories listed, and on whose behalf this filing is submitted,
5 concur in the filing’s content and have authorized the filing.
3
4 By: /s/ Scott A. Edelman
5 Scott A. Edelman
6
7
g || FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN, IT IS SO ORDERED.
9 DATED: April 10, 2020
| pe)
uy} | ae
B United States Magistrate Judge
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Dunn & [PROPOSED] PROTECTIVE ORDER FOR THE TREATMENT OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
LLP CASE NO 2-19-cv-07952?-FMO_MA A
1 EXHIBIT A
2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND
3 I, _____________________________ [print or type full name], of
4 ______________________________ [print or type full address], declare under penalty
5 of perjury that I have read in its entirety and understand the Stipulated Protective Order
6 that was issued by the United States District Court for the Central District of California
7 on ____________ [date] in the case of Four Jays Music Company et al. v. Apple Inc. et
8 al., CASE NO. 2:19-cv-07952-FMO-MAA. I agree to comply with and to be bound by
9 all the terms of this Stipulated Protective Order and I understand and acknowledge that
10 failure to so comply could expose me to sanctions and punishment in the nature of
11 contempt. I solemnly promise that I will not disclose in any manner any information or
12 item that is subject to this Stipulated Protective Order to any person or entity except in
13 strict compliance with the provisions of this Order.
14 I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the
15 Central District of California for the purpose of enforcing the terms of this Stipulated
16 Protective Order, even if such enforcement proceedings occur after termination of this
17 action. I hereby appoint ___________________ [print or type full name] of
18 ________________________________ [print or type full address and telephone
19 number] as my California agent for service of process in connection with this action or
20 any proceedings related to enforcement of this Stipulated Protective Order.
21
22 Date: ______________________
23 City and State where sworn and signed: __________________
24
25 Printed name: ______________________________________
26 Signature: ________________________________________
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