finding that the one year statute of limitations under 28 U.S.C. 11 § 2244(d) is subject to pre-petition equitable tolling if “extraordinary circumstances” beyond a 12 prisoner's control make it impossible to file a petition on time
How later courts described this case
- finding that the one year statute of limitations under 28 U.S.C. 11 § 2244(d) is subject to pre-petition equitable tolling if “extraordinary circumstances” beyond a 12 prisoner's control make it impossible to file a petition on time
- “[P]etitioner must conduct a reasonable and 15 diligent investigation aimed at including all relevant claims and grounds for relief in the first 16 federal habeas petition.”
- a 2 petitioner must demonstrate reasonable diligence in attempting to file his petition after the 3 extraordinary circumstances began
- the effort required 18 is what a reasonable person might be expected to deliver under his or her particular 19 circumstances
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 ROBERT WESLEY COWAN, Case No. 1:19-cv-00745-DAD
12 Petitioner, DEATH PENALTY CASE
13 v. ORDER (1) VACATING APRIL 7, 2020
HEARING ON PETITIONER’S UNOPPOSED
14 RONALD DAVIS, Warden of the California MOTION FOR EQUITABLE TOLLING, and
State Prison at San Quentin, (2) GRANTING EQUITABLE TOLLING
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Respondent.
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19 Before the court for a decision is the March 16, 2020 motion filed on behalf of
20 petitioner Robert Wesley Cowan to equitably toll the deadline under 28 U.S.C. § 2244 for the
21 filing of his federal habeas petition from May 15, 2020 to and including August 13, 2020.
22 Petitioner’s counsel noticed that motion for hearing on April 7, 2020 at 9:30 a.m. before the
23 undersigned. Respondent warden Ronald Davis, through counsel, filed his non-opposition to
24 the motion on March 19, 2020. The court having considered the parties’ filings and the record
25 finds the pending motion amenable to decision without a hearing.
26 Based upon the facts of the case and controlling law, and for the reasons explained
27 below, the motion to equitably toll the applicable statute of limitations will be granted.
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1 I. BACKGROUND
2 On August 5, 1996, petitioner was convicted of two first degree murders with special
3 circumstances of multiple murder and murder during a robbery and burglary, and sentenced to
4 death. Kern County Superior Court Case No. 059675A.
5 On August 5, 2010, the California Supreme Court affirmed petitioner’s judgment of
6 conviction and sentence on automatic appeal. People v. Robert Wesley Cowan, 50 Cal. 4th 401
7 (2010). The U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari on March 28, 2011. Robert Wesley Cowan
8 v. California, 563 U.S. 905 (2011).
9 On June 18, 2018, the California Supreme Court discharged its state habeas order to
10 show cause directed to the Secretary of the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
11 regarding petitioner’s juror misconduct claim. In re Cowan, 5 Cal. 5th 235, 249 (2018).
12 On May 15, 2019, the California Supreme Court summarily denied petitioner’s state
13 habeas petition. In re Cowan, Case No. S158073.
14 On May 28, 2019, petitioner began this federal habeas proceeding pursuant to 28
15 U.S.C. § 2254 by filing pro se requests for in forma pauperis status, appointment of counsel
16 and a stay of execution.
17 On May 29, 2019, the court granted petitioner’s requests to proceed in forma pauperis
18 and for appointment of counsel and denied without prejudice his request for execution stay.
19 On June 6, 2019, the court adopted the recommendation of the Selection Board for the
20 Eastern District of California and appointed the Office of Federal Defender as sole counsel to
21 represent petitioner in this federal habeas proceeding.
22 On September 30, 2019, the court held the initial case management conference.
23 On October 2, 2019, the court issued its order setting the current litigation schedule.
24 II. DISCUSSION
25 Petitioner argues the global COVID-19 pandemic has and will prevent timely
26 completion of his federal habeas petition by the statutory deadline of May 15, 2020. 28 U.S.C.
27 § 2244(d)(1)(A). Specifically, petitioner argues that the pandemic and noted national, state and
1 and utilize office resources and personnel; utilize his retained expert; investigate the record,
2 travel and interview witnesses; and communicate with and visit petitioner.
3 The party asserting equitable tolling bears the burden of establishing two elements: (i)
4 that he has been pursuing his rights diligently, and (ii) that some extraordinary circumstance
5 stood in his way. Holland v. Florida, 560 U.S. 631, 649 (2010); Espinoza-Matthews v.
6 California, 432 F.3d 1021, 1026, n.5 (9th Cir. 2005) (citing Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 544 U.S.
7 408, 418 (2005)); see also Calderon v. United States Dist. Ct. (Beeler), 128 F.3d 1283, 1288-
8 89 (9th Cir. 1997), overruled in part on other grounds by Calderon v. United States Dist. Ct.
9 (Kelly V), 163 F.3d 530 (9th Cir. 1998) and abrogated on other grounds by Woodford v.
10 Garceau, 538 U.S. 202 (2003) (finding that the one year statute of limitations under 28 U.S.C.
11 § 2244(d) is subject to pre-petition equitable tolling if “extraordinary circumstances” beyond a
12 prisoner's control make it impossible to file a petition on time).
13 Equitable tolling is limited to rare and exceptional circumstances and typically applied
14 sparingly. Cadet v. State of Florida Department of Corrections, 853 F.3d 1216, 1221 (11th
15 Cir. 2017). It may be appropriate where external forces, rather than a petitioner’s lack of
16 diligence, account for the failure to file a timely claim. Miles v. Prunty, 187 F.3d 1104, 1107
17 (9th Cir. 1999); see also Doe v. Busby, 661 F.3d 1001, 1015 (9th Cir. 2011) (the effort required
18 is what a reasonable person might be expected to deliver under his or her particular
19 circumstances).
20 Among the factors that courts have considered relevant in deciding whether equitable
21 tolling should be found appropriate are the complexity of the legal proceedings and whether
22 the state would suffer prejudice from the delay. Hoyos v. Wong, Case No. 09-cv-0388 L
23 (NLS), 2010 WL 596443, at **4, 5 (S.D. Cal. Feb. 16, 2010).
24 Here, the court takes notice of the national and statewide COVID-19 emergency and
25 responsive actions referred to in petitioner’s moving papers. (See Doc. No. 18 at 2-3.) The
26 court is persuaded that notwithstanding his reasonable diligence prior to and during the
27 emergency, petitioner’s investigation and preparation of the federal petition has been and will
1 pandemic as noted in the moving papers. Roy v. Lampert, 465 F.3d 964, 973 (9th Cir. 2006) (a
2 petitioner must demonstrate reasonable diligence in attempting to file his petition after the
3 extraordinary circumstances began); see also Smith v. Davis, Case No. 17-15874, slip. op. at
4 30, 33 (9th Cir. March 20, 2020) (petitioner must show diligence prior to, during and after an
5 impeding event that is extraordinary given the circumstances of the case).
6 The COVID-19 impediment implicates petitioner’s right to the assistance of appointed
7 habeas counsel in preparing his petition for federal habeas relief. 18 U.S.C. § 3599(a)(2);
8 McFarland v. Scott, 512 U.S. 849, 855-57 (1994) (given the complex nature of capital habeas
9 proceedings and the seriousness of the possible penalty, an attorney’s assistance in preparing a
10 federal habeas corpus petition is crucial and includes a right for that counsel meaningfully to
11 research and present a defendant’s claims); see also Local Rule 191(c) (providing for attorney
12 representation in capital habeas cases).
13 The issues and claims in this proceeding appear to be legally and factually complex.
14 McCleskey v. Zant, 499 U.S. 467, 498 (1991) (“[P]etitioner must conduct a reasonable and
15 diligent investigation aimed at including all relevant claims and grounds for relief in the first
16 federal habeas petition.”). The core record in this case spans 16,781 pages. In his appeal
17 before the state courts, petitioner raised 20 claims with subclaims. Petitioner’s state habeas
18 petition raised 15 claims with subclaims and spawned related show cause proceedings.
19 As noted above, respondent does not oppose the instant motion for equitable tolling or
20 suggest the possibility of prejudice should the requested relief be granted. The court finds no
21 reason to believe that respondent will suffer prejudice from the relatively short delay requested
22 by petitioner. Nothing suggests any significant impact upon the ability of respondent to oppose
23 any challenges raised by petitioner to his underlying 1996 judgment of conviction.
24 CONCLUSION
25 For the reasons explained above:
26 1. The hearing set for April 7, 2020 at 9:30 a.m. in Courtroom No. 5 is vacated;
27 2. Petitioner’s motion for equitable tolling of the applicable statute of limitations
1 3. The petition for federal habeas relief shall now be filed on or before August 13,
2 2020;
3 4. Except as modified, the October 2, 2019 scheduling order that was issued
4 following the initial case management conference (Doc. No. 15) continues in
5 full force and effect.
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4 IT IS SO ORDERED. ~ si
8 Dated: _ March 30, 2020 aL, fl a TF
9 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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