The opinion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
10
11 CHRISTOPHER LULL, No. 2:17-cv-1211-TLN-EFB PS
12 Plaintiff,
13 v. ORDER AFTER HEARING
14 COUNTY OF SACRAMENTO, CORY
STEWART, MICHAEL DOANE, and
15 DOES 1 to 100,
16 Defendants.
17
18 This case was before the court on January 8, 2020, for hearing on plaintiff’s motions to
19 compel further deposition testimony from defendant Cory Stewart (ECF No. 48) and for
20 reconsideration of the court’s March 30, 2018 order dismissing plaintiff’s Fourth Amendment
21 claim without leave to amend (ECF No. 49). Attorney Wendy Motooka appeared on behalf of
22 defendant Stewart, and plaintiff appeared pro se. For the reasons stated on the record, plaintiff’s
23 motion to compel further deposition testimony from defendant Stewart is granted.1 With respect
24 to plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration, the parties are directed to submit supplemental briefs
25 addressing what constitutes a violation of California Penal Code § 148(a)(1), the required
26
1 At the hearing, the court granted defendant’s request to file a motion for a protective
27 order seeking to preclude testimony regarding an ongoing investigation pending at the time of
Stewart’s original investigation. Stewart has since informed the court that the investigation has
28 concluded and that there is no longer any basis for seeking a protective order. ECF No. 54.
1 elements to establish a violation, and what specific conduct by the plaintiff amounted to such a
2 violation.
3 This case arises out of plaintiff’s July 17, 2016 arrest, which occurred when plaintiff was
4 loading a kayak onto a vehicle that was parked in a restricted area of a Sacramento County park.
5 Shortly after commencing this action, plaintiff amended his complaint as a matter of course. Fed.
6 R. Civ. P. 15(a)(1). The first amended complaint alleged, among other things, that defendant
7 Stewart violated the Fourth Amendment by arresting plaintiff without probable cause. ECF No.
8 4. Defendant Stewart moved to dismiss that complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
9 Procedure 12(b)(6). ECF No. 10. With respect to plaintiff’s Fourth Amendment claim, Stewart
10 argued that the claim failed because: (1) the first amended complaint’s allegations established that
11 there was probable cause to arrest plaintiff for violation of California Penal Code § 148(a)(1); the
12 claim is barred by Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 487 (1994) and the doctrine of equitable
13 estoppel; and Stewart is entitled to qualified immunity. ECF No. 10-1 at 10-15. The court agreed
14 that plaintiff’s Fourth Amendment claim was barred by Heck because state court records
15 submitted by the Stewart showed plaintiff had entered a no contest plea to violating section
16 148(a)(1) and that his sentencing was scheduled for September 17, 2017. ECF No. 10-2 at 18-19.
17 The court also concluded that the allegations concerning plaintiff’s arrest, although limited,
18 demonstrated that plaintiff at least nominally obstructed Stewart’s ability to perform his official
19 duties, thereby establishing probable cause for plaintiff’s arrest.2 ECF Nos. 15 & 21.
20 Consequently, plaintiff’s Fourth Amendment claim was dismissed without leave to amend,
21 although leave to amend was granted for other claims. Id.
22 Plaintiff subsequently filed a second amended complaint that included additional factual
23 allegations surrounding his arrest. ECF No. 22. These new allegations add more detail and assert
24 that while plaintiff did initially attempt to walk around Stewart, once Stewart physically stopped
25 plaintiff by placing his hands on plaintiff’s chest, plaintiff immediately stopped and placed his
26 hands in the air and asked if he was being detained.
27
2 In light of these findings, the court declined to reach Stewart’s judicial estoppel
28 argument.
1 Stewart again moved for dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6). ECF No. 24. That motion was
2 granted in part and denied in part. ECF Nos. 34 & 37. Despite the new allegations, plaintiff’s
3 Fourth Amendment claim was stricken since it had previously been dismissed without leave to
4 amend and plaintiff did not advance an argument in support of reconsidering the prior order. ECF
5 No. 34 at 4-5. The instant motion for reconsideration now advances such arguments.
6 Significantly, as it relates to reconsideration, Stewart’s motion to dismiss was accompanied by a
7 request for judicial notice of state court records reflecting that plaintiff’s no contest plea to
8 violating section 148(a)(1) had been withdrawn and his criminal case had been dismissed after
9 completion of a deferred entry of judgment program.3 See 24-2 at 16.
10 At the hearing on the instant motion, the parties agreed that plaintiff’s Fourth Amendment
11 claim is not barred by Heck because his criminal case was dismissed. Thus, reconsideration as to
12 that issue must be granted. The plaintiff’s claims are not Heck-barred. But the parties continue to
13 dispute whether the second amended complaint’s allegations demonstrate that plaintiff’s actions
14 established probable cause for violation of California Penal Code § 148(a)(1). As noted,
15 plaintiff’s amended complaint provides more detail, including the allegation that any attempt to
16 walk around Stewart ceased the moment Stewart placed his hands on plaintiff’s chest and
17 informed him he was being detained. None of the briefs submitted to date adequately address
18 whether plaintiff’s conduct, as alleged in the second amended complaint, establishes a violation
19 of California Penal Code § 148(a)(1). They are now directed to do so.
20 Accordingly, it is ORDERED that:
21 1. Plaintiff’s motion to compel further deposition testimony from defendant Cory Stewart
22 (ECF No. 48) is granted. Plaintiff may depose defendant Stewart for two additional hours. The
23 deposition shall be completed by February 28, 2020.
24 2. The May 3, 2019 scheduling order (ECF No. 41) is modified to extend the discovery
25 cut-off date to February 28, 2020 for the limited purpose of allowing plaintiff to complete
26 Stewart’s deposition.
27
3 The state court records Stewart submitted with his earlier motion to dismiss did not
28 reflect plaintiff’s participation in a deferred entry of judgment program.
1 3. By no later than February 14, 2020, defendant Stewart shall submit a supplemental
2 || brief addressing the parameters of California Penal § 148(a)(1) and whether the allegations in the
3 || second amended complaint establish a violation of that section. Stewart shall also concurrently
4 | email plaintiff a copy of the supplemental brief filed with the court.
5 4. Plaintiff shall file a response to Stewart’s brief no later than February 21, 2020.
6 || DATED: January 30, 2020.
7 tid, PDEA
EDMUND F. BRENNAN
8 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28