The opinion
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS
CENTRAL DIVISION
TERRITHA R. REED PLAINTIFF
vs. Case No. 4:20 cv 1431 JM
ARKANSAS HIGHWAY POLICE DEFENDANT
ORDER
This is an action for gender discrimination and hostile work environment. Pending is a
motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim filed by Defendant Arkansas Highway Police
(AHP). (Doc. No. 3). Plaintiff Territha Reed has responded. For the reasons stated below, the
motion to dismiss is granted.
Standard. A complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim that the
pleader is entitled to relief” to survive a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state
a claim upon which relief can be granted. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). The complaint must give
the defendant fair notice of what the claim is and the grounds upon which it rests and must also
contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its
face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). “A
pleading that offers ‘labels and conclusions’ or ‘a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause
of action will not do. Id.
In the context of employment discrimination, “[t]he prima facie standard is an evidentiary
standard, not a pleading standard, and there is no need to set forth a detailed evidentiary proffer
in a complaint.” Blomker v. Jewell, 831 F.3d 1051, 1056 (8th Cir. 2016) (quoting Rodriguez-
Reyes v. Molina-Rodriguez, 711 F.3d 49 (1st Cir. 2013)). However, the elements of a prima facie
case are still relevant to a plausibility determination. Id. The Eighth Circuit has explained:
[A] plaintiff must assert facts that affirmatively and plausibly suggest that the
pleader has the right he claims ..., rather than facts that are merely consistent with
such a right. While a plaintiff need not set forth detailed factual allegations or
specific facts that describe the evidence to be presented, the complaint must
include sufficient factual allegations to provide the grounds on which the claim
rests. A district court, therefore, is not required to divine the litigant's intent and
create claims that are not clearly raised, and it need not conjure up unpled
allegations to save a complaint.
Id. (quoting Gregory v. Dillard's, Inc., 565 F.3d 464, 473 (8th Cir. 2009) (en banc) (alteration in
original) (emphasis added) (quotations and citations omitted).
The complaint. The complaint (Doc. 1) contains the following allegations. Plaintiff is
an African American female who has been employed as a certified law enforcement officer by
AHP since July of 2008. She was promoted to the position of sergeant “due to her exemplary
performance” (¶ 10) and is currently a patrol sergeant with the Little Rock Highway Police
office. A majority of the 150 AHP officers are white males.
Plaintiff is supervised by Lt. Brad Perkins, a white male. Lt. Eddie Bush, also a white
male, often “interjected himself in the plaintiff’s line of supervision.” (¶ 14). He often yelled at
her and “tried on a few occasions to get her written up for things that were not warranted.” (¶ 16)
Bush accused Plaintiff of hanging up on him in January of 2017 and drove from Lake Village to
Little Rock to hold a “mandatory meeting” with Plaintiff and two other sergeants to discuss the
alleged hang up; he was hostile to her in the meeting. (¶¶ 17-19). She complained about the
hostility she “often endured” from Bush to her immediate supervisors.
Plaintiff alleges that “she was not allowed to exercise her role as a supervisor,” and that
she was “prevented” from issuing disciplinary actions to white male officers. (¶¶ 21-22).
Specifically, she alleges that there was an incident on January 1, 2020 in which she was involved
in a foot chase with other officers that ended up with the individual being chased jumping into
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the river. Plaintiff prevented the other officers from following the individual into the river,
“opting instead to wait on the individual to exit the river.” Capt. William Scott, an African
American male, showed up at the scene, talked to another officer, then requested that Plaintiff
meet with him the next day. At the meeting, Scott repeatedly asked Plaintiff whether her
supervisor, Perkins, had told her to call off the chase. He had not. Scott kept questioning her
decision and said, “I don’t want you busting these guys’ balls for doing their job.” He also told
her, “I don’t want you to supervise like Joy Bean, scared and lacking confidence.” (¶¶ 23-32).
Scott yelled at her for giving a subordinate male officer a difficult time about his inspections.
Plaintiff alleges he constantly yells at her and “treats her in a demeaning fashion while not doing
the same for male employees.” (¶ 35).
When Plaintiff met with seven officers in March 2020 about their annual reviews, Scott
“met with the plaintiff and went line-by-line over each evaluation, and required the plaintiff to
change some performance ratings, ensuring that the male officers receive every credit.” (¶ 36).
Scott also made Plaintiff remove some verbal reprimands that she had noted in some of the white
officers’ performance evaluations. Plaintiff alleges that Scott once advised Plaintiff to write an
email about a subordinate officer who had reported late to work then later yelled at her for
sending the email.
Plaintiff further alleges that “[m]ale subordinates are allowed to be insubordinate to the
plaintiff without any repercussions.” (¶ 40). When she requested a meeting with “the major” to
get help from the harassment, he gave her a book on leadership. Plaintiff alleges that Scott treats
her male counterpart differently, that he is supportive of him while constantly demeaning her and
yelling at her. (¶ 43).
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Plaintiff’s EEOC charge attached to the complaint states:
I was hounded, yelled at, and cursed at by my Captain following an incident on
January 1, 2020. I continued to be treated the same though April 2020. The
Captain questions every time I’m seen speaking with the Lieutenants. The Captain
has yelled at me over the radio and sent emails to the entire group remanding me.
The Captain covers for some of my officers he has personal relationships with. He
excuses their insubordination. He treats the male Sergeant totally different than he
treats me. I discussed the issue with my Captain, but things did not improve. I
escalated my complaint to the Major, then the Chief, then to Headquarters. We
met for over 8 hours twice discussing careers and only about 10 minutes were
spent addressing my issues. Then I met again with the Chief and he took notes
and after talking at length I agreed the matter was resolved about May 4, 2020.
(Doc. No. 1, p. 10).1
Timeliness of Plaintiff’s Complaint. Defendant’s argument that Plaintiff failed to file
her gender discrimination complaint within the time prescribed by Title VII is without merit.
Plaintiff’s complaint was filed on December 8, 2020, 91 days after the EEOC issued the right-to-
sue letter on September 8, 2021. “It is presumed that a plaintiff will receive the notice three
days after the mailing date. Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(d).” Hales v. Casey's Mktg. Co., 886 F.3d 730, 736
(8th Cir. 2018).
Prima facie case of gender discrimination. In her response to the motion to dismiss,
Plaintiff does not argue any direct evidence of discrimination. To establish a prima facie case of
gender discrimination as required to advance through the burden-shifting framework of
McDonnel Douglas, a plaintiff must show that: (1) she was a member of a protected group; (2)
she was qualified for her job; (3) she suffered an adverse employment action; and (4) the facts
give rise to an inference of unlawful gender discrimination. E.g., Fiero v. CSG Sys., Inc., 759
1 In her complaint, Plaintiff alleges that her charge of discrimination with the EEOC was based
on her termination of employment, but the charge attached as Exhibit A and her other allegations
show this to be an error. (Doc. 1, ¶ 60).
4
F.3d 874, 878 (8th Cir. 2014).
Defendant argues that Plaintiff has failed to allege any factual matter from which she
could establish the third prong, that she suffered an adverse employment action. “An adverse
employment action is a tangible change in working conditions that produces a material
employment disadvantage. Spears v. Missouri Dep't of Corr. & Hum. Res., 210 F.3d 850, 853
(8th Cir. 2000) (citation omitted). “Termination, reduction in pay or benefits, and changes in
employment that significantly affect an employee's future career prospects meet this standard,
but minor changes in working conditions that merely inconvenience an employee or alter an
employee's work responsibilities do not.” Id. (citations omitted).
In addition to the allegations set forth above, Plaintiff alleges that “[she] was consistently
subjected to varied terms and conditions of her employment with the defendant as [compared to]
other similarly situated male employees.” (Doc. 1, ¶ 46, repeated at ¶52.) Defendant argues that
this is a conclusory allegation. Plaintiff only argument in her response on this issue is that
“[t]he plaintiff’s working conditions were altered in such a manner, that it made her conditions
intolerable, based on her sex” and that “due to the discriminatory treatment that she endures, she
has suffered mental anguish and embarrassment, resulting in damages to her.” (Doc. No. 7, p.
11).
These allegations and arguments fail to sufficiently plead that Plaintiff suffered an
adverse employment action under Eighth Circuit precedent. She is still employed in the same
capacity as she was during of the challenged conduct. She does not allege that her future career
prospects have been affected. There are no allegations to support a claim that Plaintiff suffered
a material change in employment status. The motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s claim for
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discrimination is granted.
Hostile work environment. “To establish a prima fac[i]e case that she was subjected to a
hostile work environment, [plaintiff] must show that (1) she is a member of a protected group;
(2) unwelcome harassment occurred; (3) a causal nexus existed between the harassment and her
protected group status; and (4) the harassment affected a term, condition, or privilege of
employment.” Hairston v. Wormuth, 6 F.4th 834, 841 (8th Cir. 2021). It is the fourth element
that Defendant bases its motion on.
“To raise a triable fact on the fourth element, the claim-triggering conduct must be severe
or pervasive enough to create an objectively hostile or abusive work environment.” Lopez v.
Whirlpool Corp., 989 F.3d 656, 663 (8th Cir. 2021). “Although the Supreme Court's precedent
is clear that ‘Title VII comes into play before the harassing conduct leads to a nervous
breakdown,’ our Eighth Circuit precedent sets a high bar for conduct to be sufficiently severe or
pervasive in order to trigger a Title VII violation.” Paskert v. Kemna-ASA Auto Plaza, Inc., 950
F.3d 535, 538 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 141 S. Ct. 894, (2020) (quoting Harris v. Forklift Sys.,
Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 22 (1993)). The Eighth Circuit has defined an objectively offensive
environment as “one that a reasonable person would find hostile or abusive, examining all of the
circumstances, such as ‘the frequency of the discriminatory conduct, its severity, whether it is
physically threatening or humiliating or a mere offensive utterance, and whether the conduct [is
so severe or pervasive that it] unreasonably interfered with the employee's work performance.’”
Anderson v. Family Dollar Stores of Arkansas, Inc., 579 F.3d 858, 862 (8th Cir. 2009) (quoting
Bainbridge v. Loffredo Gardens, Inc., 378 F.3d 756, 759 (8th Cir.2004)).
The allegations in the complaint recited above are not sufficient to satisfy the plausibility
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requirement that Plaintiff's alleged harassment affected a term, condition, or privilege of her
employment with AHP. That her captain questioned her decision about calling off a foot chase,
even rudely and loudly, when that had not been sanctioned by her supervisor; that her decisions
about disciplining or evaluating her subordinate officers was monitored and challenged by her
captain; that in response to her complaints about insubordination by the male officers she
supervises, she was given a book on leadership; that she was reprimanded publicly while others
were not—these allegations do not chin bar set and maintained by the Eighth Circuit. There are
no factual allegations that any term, condition, or privilege of Plaintiff's employment were
affected.
Conclusion. Defendant’s motion to dismiss (Doc. No. 3) is GRANTED, and Plaintiffs
complaint is dismissed with prejudice. ? A separate judgment will be entered.
Dated this 17th day of September, 2021.
ONITEDTATIS C\ JUDGE
2 “(T]he Eighth Circuit has held that, under Title VII, a dismissal without prejudice operates to
leave a plaintiff as if no action had been filed. /d. (citing Moore v. St. Louis Music Supply Co.,
Inc., 539 F.2d 1191, 1194 (8th Cir. 1976)). Thus, any dismissal of a Title VII or ADEA case that
occurs, as it did here, more than 90 days after the right to sue letter issued is, in substance, a
dismissal with prejudice.” Faulkner v. Townsell, No. 4:18-CV-00353 KGB, 2020 WL 2818512,
at *8 (E.D. Ark. May 28, 2020).