# 45 CFR § 681.1: Purpose

> Federal · Regulations · In force

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.1

## Section

- **Citation:** 45 CFR § 681.1
- **Heading:** Purpose
- **Jurisdiction:** Federal
- **Kind:** Regulations
- **Status:** In force
- **Text as of:** September 22, 2026
- **Source:** Publisher's official text
- **Location:** Title 45—Public Welfare > Subtitle B—Regulations Relating to Public Welfare > CHAPTER VI—NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION > PART 681—PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT REGULATIONS > Purpose, Definitions, and Basis for Liability

## Text

This part implements the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986, 31 U.S.C. 3801-3812 (“PFCRA”). PFCRA provides NSF, and other Federal agencies, with an administrative remedy to impose civil penalties and assessments against persons who make, submit, or present, or cause to be made, submitted or presented, false, fictitious, or fraudulent claims or written statements to NSF. PFCRA also provides due process protections to all persons who are subject to administrative proceedings under this part.

## Nearby sections

- [45 CFR § 681.1 § 681.1 Purpose.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.1.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.2 § 681.2 Definitions.](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.2.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.3 § 681.3 What is the basis for the imposition of civil penalties and assessments?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.3.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.4 § 681.4 Who investigates program fraud?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.4.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.5 § 681.5 What happens if program fraud is suspected?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.5.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.6 § 681.6 When may NSF issue a complaint?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.6.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.7 § 681.7 What is contained in a complaint?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.7.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.8 § 681.8 How will the complaint be served?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.8.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.9 § 681.9 How does a defendant respond to the complaint?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.9.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.10 § 681.10 What happens if a defendant fails to file an answer?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.10.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.11 § 681.11 What happens once an answer is filed?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.11.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.12 § 681.12 What kind of hearing is contemplated?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.12.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.13 § 681.13 At the hearing, what rights do the parties have?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.13.md)
- [45 CFR § 681.14 § 681.14 What is the role of the ALJ?](https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.14.md)

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/ecfr-45-681.1. Check the current official text before relying on it. Not legal advice.