# 06-096 Ch. 127: Ch. 127: New Motor Vehicle Emission Standards

> Maine · Regulations · In force

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_ME_CMR_06_096_127

## Section

- **Citation:** 06-096 Ch. 127
- **Heading:** Ch. 127: New Motor Vehicle Emission Standards
- **Jurisdiction:** Maine
- **Kind:** Regulations
- **Status:** In force
- **Text as of:** August 14, 2026
- **Source:** Compiled text
- **Location:** Code of Maine Rules / 06-096 Department of Environmental Protection - General / Ch. 127

## Text

§ 1900. Definitions.
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(b)
In addition to the definitions incorporated under subdivision (a), the
following definitions shall govern the provisions of this chapter.
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(9) “Intermediate volume manufacturer” means any pre-2001 model year
manufacturer with California sales between 3,001 and 60,000 new light- and
medium-duty vehicles per model year based on the average number of vehicles
sold by the manufacturer each model year from 1989 to 1993; any 2001 through
2002 model year manufacturer with California sales between 4,501 and 60,000
new light- and medium-duty vehicles per model year based on the average
number of vehicles sold by the manufacturer each model year from 1989 to
1993; and any 2003 and subsequent through 2017 model year manufacturer with
California sales between 4,501 and 60,000 new light- and medium-duty vehicles
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As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
based on the average number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive
model years for which a manufacturer seeks certification; and any 2018 and
subsequent model year manufacturer with California sales between 4,501 and
20,000 new light- and medium-duty vehicles based on the average number of
vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a
manufacturer seeks certification. For a manufacturer certifying for the first time in
California, model year sales shall be based on projected California sales. A
manufacturer’s California sales shall consist of all vehicles or engines produced
by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that vehicles or
engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another
manufacturer under the other manufacturer’s nameplate shall be treated as
California sales of the marketing manufacturer
based on projected California sales. A
manufacturer’s California sales shall consist of all vehicles or engines produced
by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that vehicles or
engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another
manufacturer under the other manufacturer’s nameplate shall be treated as
California sales of the marketing manufacturer.
For purposes of applying the 2005 and subsequent through 2017 model year
zero-emission vehicle requirements for intermediate-volume manufacturers
under section 1962(b) or 1962.1(b), as applicable, the annual sales from different
firms shall be aggregated in the case of (1) vehicles produced by two or more
firms, each one of which either has a greater than 50% equity ownership in
another or is more than 50% owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any
two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership of greater than 50% in
each firm.
For purposes of applying the 2009 and subsequent through 2016 model year
Greenhouse Gas requirements for intermediate volume manufacturers under
section 1961.1, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the
following situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, each one of
which either has a greater than 10% equity ownership in another or is more than
10% owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a
third party has equity ownership of greater than 10% in each firm
anufacturers under
section 1961.1, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the
following situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, each one of
which either has a greater than 10% equity ownership in another or is more than
10% owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a
third party has equity ownership of greater than 10% in each firm.
For the 2018 and subsequent model years, the annual sales from different firms
shall be aggregated in the following situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or
more firms, one of which is 33.4% or greater part owned by another; or (2)
vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has equity ownership
of 33.4% or more in each of the firms; or (3) vehicles produced by two or more
firms having a common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the
overall direction of the companies; or (4) vehicles imported or distributed by any
firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the same entity and the importer or
distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.
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(22) “Small volume manufacturer” means, with respect to the 2001 and
subsequent model-years, a manufacturer with California sales less than 4,500
new passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles, heavy-duty
vehicles and heavy-duty engines based on the average number of vehicles sold
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As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks
certification as a small volume manufacturer; however, for manufacturers
certifying for the first time in California model-year sales shall be based on
projected California sales
ehicles and heavy-duty engines based on the average number of vehicles sold
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As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks
certification as a small volume manufacturer; however, for manufacturers
certifying for the first time in California model-year sales shall be based on
projected California sales. A manufacturer’s California sales shall consist of all
vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in
California, except that vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and
marketed in California by another manufacturer under the other manufacturer’s
nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the marketing manufacturer.
Except as provided in the next paragraph, beginning with for the 2009 through
2017 model years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in
the following situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which
is 10% or greater part owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or
more firms if a third party has equity ownership of 10% or more in each of the
firms; or (3) vehicles produced by two or more firms having a common corporate
officer(s) who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; or
(4) vehicles imported or distributed by all any firms where the vehicles are
manufactured by the same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized
agent of the entity. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, upon
application to the Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small
volume manufacturer” for the 2015 through 2017 model years if the Executive
Officer determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 10%
or more of the applicant or has a greater than 10% equity ownership in the
applicant based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of this subsection
on
application to the Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small
volume manufacturer” for the 2015 through 2017 model years if the Executive
Officer determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 10%
or more of the applicant or has a greater than 10% equity ownership in the
applicant based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of this subsection
(b)(22).
For purposes of compliance with the zero-emission vehicle requirements, heavy-
duty vehicles and engines shall not be counted as part of a manufacturer’s sales.
For purposes of applying the 2005 and subsequent through 2017 model year
zero-emission vehicle requirements for small-volume manufacturers under
sections 1962(b) and 1962.1(b), the annual sales from different firms shall be
aggregated in the case of (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, each one
of which either has a greater than 50% equity ownership in another or is more
than 50% owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if
a third party has equity ownership of greater than 50% in each firm.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, upon application to the
Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small volume
manufacturer” for the 2015 through 2017 model years if the Executive Officer
determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 50% or more
of the applicant or has a greater than 50% equity ownership in the applicant
based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of this subsection (b)(22)
cation to the
Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small volume
manufacturer” for the 2015 through 2017 model years if the Executive Officer
determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 50% or more
of the applicant or has a greater than 50% equity ownership in the applicant
based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of this subsection (b)(22).
Except as provided in the next paragraph, for the 2018 and subsequent model
years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following
situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 33.4% or
greater part owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms
if a third party has equity ownership of 33.4% or more in each of the firms; or (3)
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As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
vehicles produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s)
who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; or (4) vehicles
imported or distributed by any firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the
same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, upon application to the
Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small volume
manufacturer” for the 2018 and subsequent model years if the Executive Officer
determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 33.4% or
more of the applicant or has a greater than 33.4% equity ownership in the
applicant based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of this subsection
lication to the
Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small volume
manufacturer” for the 2018 and subsequent model years if the Executive Officer
determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 33.4% or
more of the applicant or has a greater than 33.4% equity ownership in the
applicant based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of this subsection
(b)(22).
For the purposes of this paragraph, all manufacturers whose annual sales are
aggregated together under the provisions of this subsection (b)(22) shall be
defined as “related manufacturers.” Notwithstanding such aggregation, the
Executive Officer may make a determination of operational independence if all of
the following criteria are met for at least 24 months preceding the application
submittal: (1) for the three years preceding the year in which the initial application
is submitted, the average California sales for the applicant does not exceed
4,500 vehicles per year; (2) no financial or other support of economic value is
provided by related manufacturers for purposes of design, parts procurement,
R&D and production facilities and operation, and any other transactions between
related manufacturers are conducted under normal commercial arrangements
like those conducted with other parties, at competitive pricing rates to the
manufacturer; (3) related manufacturers maintain separate and independent
research and development, testing, and production facilities; (4) related
manufacturers do not use any vehicle powertrains or platforms developed or
produced by related manufacturers; (5) patents are not held jointly with related
manufacturers; (6) related manufacturers maintain separate business
administration, legal, purchasing, sales, and marketing departments, as well as
autonomous decision-making on commercial matters; (7) the overlap of the
Board of Directors between related manufacturers is limited to 25% with no
sharing of top operational management, including president, chief executive
officer, chief financ
elated
manufacturers; (6) related manufacturers maintain separate business
administration, legal, purchasing, sales, and marketing departments, as well as
autonomous decision-making on commercial matters; (7) the overlap of the
Board of Directors between related manufacturers is limited to 25% with no
sharing of top operational management, including president, chief executive
officer, chief financial officer, and chief operating officer, and provided that no
individual overlapping director or combination of overlapping directors exercises
exclusive management control over either or both companies; and (8) parts or
components supply between related companies must be established through
open market process, and to the extent that the manufacturer sells
parts/components to non-related manufacturers, it does so through the open
market a competitive pricing. Any manufacturer applying for operational
independence must submit to ARB an Attestation Engagement from an
independent certified public accountant or firm of such accountants verifying the
accuracy of the information contained in the application, as defined by and in
accordance with the procedures established in 40 C.F.R. §80.125, as last
amended January 19, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference. The
applicant must submit information to update any of the above eight criteria as
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As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
material changes to any of the criteria occur. If there are no material changes to
any of the criteria, the applicant must certify that to the Executive Officer
annually. With respect to any such changes, the Executive Officer may consider
extraordinary conditions (e.g., changes to economic conditions, unanticipated
market changes, etc.) and may continue to find the applicant to be operationally
independent
nges to any of the criteria occur. If there are no material changes to
any of the criteria, the applicant must certify that to the Executive Officer
annually. With respect to any such changes, the Executive Officer may consider
extraordinary conditions (e.g., changes to economic conditions, unanticipated
market changes, etc.) and may continue to find the applicant to be operationally
independent. In the event that a manufacturer loses eligibility as a “small volume
manufacturer” after a material change occurs, the manufacturer must begin
compliance with the primary emissions program in the third model year after the
model year in which the manufacturer loses its eligibility. The Executive Officer
may, in his or her discretion, re-establish lost “small volume manufacturer” status
if the manufacturer shows that it has met the operational independence criteria
for three consecutive years.
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NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101 and 43104, Health and
Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43013, 43018.5,
43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43103, 43104, 43106 and 43204, Health and Safety Code; and
Section 27156, Vehicle Code.
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As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
§ 1956.8. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 1985 and
Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles.
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(b) Test Procedures. The test procedures for determining compliance with
standards applicable to 1985 and subsequent model heavy-duty diesel engines
and vehicles and the requirements for participationg in the averaging, banking
and trading programs, are set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission
Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty
Diesel-Engines and Vehicles, “ adopted April 8, 1985, as last amended
December 12, 2002, the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel-Engines and
Vehicles,”adopted December 12, 2002, as last amended Decembe
rograms, are set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission
Standards and Test Procedures for 1985 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty
Diesel-Engines and Vehicles, “ adopted April 8, 1985, as last amended
December 12, 2002, the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel-Engines and
Vehicles,”adopted December 12, 2002, as last amended December 22, 2011
March 22, 2012, and the “California Interim Certification Procedures for 2004 and
Subsequent Model Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, in the Urban Bus and Heavy-Duty
Vehicle Classes,” adopted October 24, 2002, which are incorporated by
reference herein.
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(c)(1)(B)
The exhaust emissions from new 2005 and subsequent
model heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines, except for Otto-cycle medium- and heavy-
duty engines subject to the alternative standards in 40 CFR §86.005-10(f), shall
not exceed:
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As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
California Emission Standards for 2005 and Subsequent Model
Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle EnginesA
(in g/bhp-hr)
Model Year
Emission
Category
NMHC + NOx
NMHC
NOx
COFG
HCHO
PM
Standards for Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines Used in 2005 through 2019 Model
Incomplete Medium-Duty Vehicles 8,501 to 10,000 14,000 pounds GVWB and 2005 and
Subsequent Model Incomplete Medium-Duty Vehicles 10,001 to 14,000 pounds GVWC
2005 through
2007
ULEV
1.0C,E
n/a
n/a
14.4
0.05
n/a
SULEV
0.5
n/a
n/a
7.2
0.025
n/a
2008 and
subsequent
ULEV
n/a
0.14E
0.20E
14.4
0.01
0.01
SULEV
n/a
0.07E
0.10E
7.2
0.005
0.005
Standards for Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines Used In
Heavy-Duty Vehicles Over 14,000 pounds GVW
2005 through
2007
n/a
1.0C,ED,F
n/a
n/a
37.1
0.05DE
n/a
2008 and
subsequent
n/a
n/a
0.14E
0.20E
14.4
0.01
0.01
A
These standards apply to petroleum-fueled, alcohol-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and
natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle engines
E
0.20E
14.4
0.01
0.01
SULEV
n/a
0.07E
0.10E
7.2
0.005
0.005
Standards for Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines Used In
Heavy-Duty Vehicles Over 14,000 pounds GVW
2005 through
2007
n/a
1.0C,ED,F
n/a
n/a
37.1
0.05DE
n/a
2008 and
subsequent
n/a
n/a
0.14E
0.20E
14.4
0.01
0.01
A
These standards apply to petroleum-fueled, alcohol-fueled, liquefied petroleum gas-fueled and
natural gas-fueled Otto-cycle engines.
B
For the 2020 and subsequent model years, medium-duty vehicles 8,501 to 10,000 pounds GVW
must certify to the primary emission standards and test procedures for complete vehicles specified in section
1961.2, title 13, CCR.
B.C
A manufacturer of engines used in incomplete medium-duty vehicles may choose to comply with
these standards as an alternative to the primary emission standards and test procedures for complete
vehicles specified in section 1961 or 1961.2, title 13, CCR. A manufacturer that chooses to comply with
these optional heavy-duty engine standards and test procedures shall specify, in the Part I application for
certification, an in-use compliance test procedure, as provided in section 2139(c), title 13 CCR.
CD
A manufacturer may request to certify to the Option 1 or Option 2 federal NMHC + NOx standards
as set forth in 40 CFR § 86.005-10(f). However, for engines used in medium-duty vehicles, the
formaldehyde level must meet the standard specified above.
DE
This standard only applies to methanol-fueled Otto-cycle engines.
EF
A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its medium- and heavy-duty Otto-cycle engine
families in any or all of the emissions ABT programs for HDEs, within the restrictions described in section
I.15 of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model
Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines,” incorporated by reference in section 1956.8(d). For engine families
certified to the Option 1 or 2 federal standards, the FEL must not exceed 1.5 g/bhp-hr
ine
families in any or all of the emissions ABT programs for HDEs, within the restrictions described in section
I.15 of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model
Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines,” incorporated by reference in section 1956.8(d). For engine families
certified to the Option 1 or 2 federal standards, the FEL must not exceed 1.5 g/bhp-hr. If a manufacturer
elects to include engine families certified to the 2005 and subsequent model year standards, the NOx plus
NMHC FEL must not exceed 1.0 g/bhp-hr. For engine families certified to the 2008 and subsequent model
year standards, the FEL is the same as set forth in 40 CFR 86.008-10(a)(1).
FG
Idle carbon monoxide: For all Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines utilizing aftertreatment technology,
and not certified to the on-board diagnostics requirements of section 1968, et seq, as applicable, the CO
emissions shall not exceed 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle.
______________________________________________________________________________
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As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
(3)
Optional Standards for Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles that Use
Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines. Manufacturers may request to group complete
heavy-duty Otto-cycle vehicles into the same test group as Otto-cycle vehicles
certifying to the LEV III exhaust emission standards and test procedures
specified in title 13, CCR, §1961.2, so long as those complete heavy-duty Otto-
cycle vehicles meet the most stringent LEV III standards to which any vehicle
within that test group certifies.
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es. Manufacturers may request to group complete
heavy-duty Otto-cycle vehicles into the same test group as Otto-cycle vehicles
certifying to the LEV III exhaust emission standards and test procedures
specified in title 13, CCR, §1961.2, so long as those complete heavy-duty Otto-
cycle vehicles meet the most stringent LEV III standards to which any vehicle
within that test group certifies.
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(d) The test procedures for determining compliance with standards applicable
to 1987 and subsequent model heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines and vehicles are
set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for
1987 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines and Vehicles,”
adopted April 25, 1986, as last amended December 27, 2000, the “California
Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent
Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines,” adopted December 27, 2000, as last
amended September 27, 2010 March 22, 2012, the “California Non-Methane
Organic Gas Test Procedures,” adopted July 12, 1991, as last amended July 30,
2002 March 22, 2012, and the “California Interim Certification Procedures for
2004 and Subsequent Model Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, in the Urban Bus and
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Classes,” adopted October 24, 2002, which are incorporated
by reference herein.
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(h) The exhaust emissions from new:
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(2) 1992 and subsequent model diesel engines used in medium-duty low-
emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles and super-ultra-low-emission
vehicles shall not exceed:
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As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
________________________________________________________________
Exhaust Emission Standards for Engines Used in 1992 through 2004 Model
Incomplete Otto-Cycle Medium-Duty Low-Emission Vehicles, Ultra-Low-
Emission Vehicles, and Super Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles, and for 1992
and Subsequent Model Diesel Engines Used in
Medium-Duty Low-Emission Vehicles, Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles, and
Super Ultra-Low-Emission VehiclesA,F
(grams pe
_______________________________
Exhaust Emission Standards for Engines Used in 1992 through 2004 Model
Incomplete Otto-Cycle Medium-Duty Low-Emission Vehicles, Ultra-Low-
Emission Vehicles, and Super Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles, and for 1992
and Subsequent Model Diesel Engines Used in
Medium-Duty Low-Emission Vehicles, Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicles, and
Super Ultra-Low-Emission VehiclesA,F
(grams per brake horsepower-hour)
Model
Year
Vehicle
Emissions
CategoryB
Carbon
Monoxide
NMHC +
NOx C
Non-Methane
Hydrocarbons
Oxides of
Nitrogen
Formaldehyde
ParticulatesD
1992E - 2001
LEV
14.4
3.5 K
n/a
n/a
0.050
0.10 K
2002-2003E
LEV
14.4
3.0 K
n/a
n/a
0.050
0.10 K
1992-2003E,H
ULEV
14.4
2.5 K
n/a
n/a
0.050
0.10 K
2004-2006
and
subsequent L
ULEV -
Opt A
14.4
2.5 I,J,K
n/a
n/a
0.050
0.10 J,K
2004-2006
and
subsequent L
ULEV -
Opt. B
14.4
2.4 I,J,K
n/a
n/a
0.050
0.10 J,K
2007 and
subsequent D
(diesel only)
ULEV
15.5
n/a
0.14
0.20
0.050
0.01
1992-2006
and
subsequent L
SULEV
7.2
2.0 K
n/a
n/a
0.025
0.05 K
2007 and
subsequent D
(diesel only)
SULEV
7.7
n/a
0.07
0.10
0.025
0.005
A
This set of standards is optional. For the 1992 through 2019 model years, mManufacturers of
engines used in incomplete medium-duty vehicles or diesel engines used in medium-duty
vehicles from 8501-10,000 14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating may choose to comply
with these standards as an alternative to the primary emission standards and test procedures
specified in section 1960.1, or section 1961, or section 1961.2, Title 13, California Code of
Regulations. For the 1992 and subsequent model years, manufacturers of engines used in
incomplete medium-duty vehicles or diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles from
10,001-14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating may choose to comply with these
standards as an alternative to the primary emission standards and test procedures specified
in section 1960.1, section 1961, or section 1961.2, Title 13, California Code of Regulations
uent model years, manufacturers of engines used in
incomplete medium-duty vehicles or diesel engines used in medium-duty vehicles from
10,001-14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating may choose to comply with these
standards as an alternative to the primary emission standards and test procedures specified
in section 1960.1, section 1961, or section 1961.2, Title 13, California Code of Regulations.
For the 2020 and subsequent model years, both incomplete medium-duty vehicles and
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As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
medium-duty vehicles that use a diesel engine 8,501 to 10,000 pounds GVW must certify to
the primary emission standards and test procedures for complete vehicles specified in
section 1961.2, title 13, CCR. Manufacturers that choose to comply with these optional
heavy-duty standards and test procedures shall specify, in the application for certification, an
in-use compliance test procedure, as provided in section 2139(c), Title 13, California Code of
Regulations.
B
"LEV" means low-emission vehicle.
"ULEV" means ultra-low-emission vehicle.
"SULEV" means super ultra-low-emission vehicle.
C
This standard is the sum of the individual non-methane hydrocarbon emissions and oxides of
nitrogen emissions. For methanol-fueled engines, non-methane hydrocarbons shall mean
organic material hydrocarbon equivalent ("OMHCE").
D
These standards apply only to diesel engines and vehicles.
E
Manufacturers may certify engines used in incomplete medium-duty vehicles or diesel
engines used in medium-duty vehicles to these standards to meet the requirements of
section 1956.8(g), Title 13, California Code of Regulations.
F
In-use compliance testing shall be limited to vehicles or engines with fewer than 90,000
miles.
G
[Reserved]
H
For engines certified to the 3.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr) LEV standards,
the in-use compliance standard shall be 3.7 g/bhp-hr for the first two model years of
introduction
tandards to meet the requirements of
section 1956.8(g), Title 13, California Code of Regulations.
F
In-use compliance testing shall be limited to vehicles or engines with fewer than 90,000
miles.
G
[Reserved]
H
For engines certified to the 3.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr) LEV standards,
the in-use compliance standard shall be 3.7 g/bhp-hr for the first two model years of
introduction. For engines certified to the 2002 and 2003 model year LEV standards, the in-
use compliance standard shall be 3.2 g/bhp-hr. For engines certified to the 1992 through
2003 model year ULEV standards, the in-use compliance standard shall be 2.7 g/bhp-hr for
the first two model years of introduction. For engines certified to the 1992 and subsequent
SULEV standards, the in-use compliance standard shall be 2.2 g/bhp-hr for the first two
model years of introduction.
I
Manufacturers have the option of certifying to either option A or B. Manufacturers electing to
certify to Option A must demonstrate that the NMHC emissions do not exceed 0.5 g/bhp-hr.
J
Emissions averaging may be used to meet these standards for diesel engines, using the
requirements for participation in averaging, banking and trading programs, as set forth in the
“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent
Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles,” incorporated by reference in section 1956.8
(b), above.
K
Engines of 1998 and subsequent model years may be eligible to generate averaging, banking
and trading credits based on these standards according to the requirements of the averaging,
banking and trading programs described in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and
Test Procedures for 1985 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles” and the
“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent
Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles,” incorporated by reference in section
1956.8(b), above
ding to the requirements of the averaging,
banking and trading programs described in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and
Test Procedures for 1985 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles” and the
“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent
Model Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles,” incorporated by reference in section
1956.8(b), above.
L
For the 2005 and 2006 model years, these emission standards only apply to diesel engines
and vehicles. For 2007 and subsequent model year diesel engines used in medium-duty
vehicles, these emission standards are not applicable.
_____________________________________________________________________________
*
*
*
*
(5) Optional Standards for Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles that Use
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines. Manufacturers may request to group complete
heavy-duty diesel vehicles into the same test group as medium-duty diesel
vehicles certifying to the LEV III exhaust emission standards and test procedures
specified in title 13, CCR, §1961.2, so long as those complete heavy-duty diesel
11
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
vehicles meet the most stringent LEV III standards to which any vehicle within
that test group certifies.
NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43102,
43104, 43105, 43106, 43107 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle
Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39500, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43017, 43018,
43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43202, 43204, 43205, 43205.5,
43206, 43210, 43211, 43212, 43213 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114,
Vehicle Code.
12
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
§ 1960.1. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 1981 through
2006 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.
*
*
*
*
1, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43202, 43204, 43205, 43205.5,
43206, 43210, 43211, 43212, 43213 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114,
Vehicle Code.
12
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
§ 1960.1. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 1981 through
2006 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.
*
*
*
*
(r)
4000-Mile Supplemental FTP Emission Standards. The
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) standards in this section are
represent the maximum SFTP exhaust emissions at 4,000 miles + 250 miles or
at the mileage determined by the manufacturer for emission-data vehicles in
accordance with the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for 1988 Through 2000 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks,
and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(k),
and with the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust
Emission Standards and Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and
Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,”
as incorporated by reference in section 1961(d). The SFTP exhaust emission
levels from new 2001 through 2020 and subsequent model low-emission
vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles and super-ultra-low-emission vehicles in the
passenger car and light-duty truck class certifying to the LEV II exhaust emission
standards in section 1961, and new 2003 through 2020 model and subsequent
low-emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles, and super-ultra-low-emission
vehicles in the medium-duty class certifying to the LEV II exhaust emission
standards in section 1961, shall not exceed:
13
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
________________________________________________________________
SFTP EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS
FOR LOW-EMISSION VEHICLES, ULTRA-LOW-EMISSION VEHICLES, AND
SUPER-ULTRA-LOW-EMISSION VEHICLES IN THE
low-emission
vehicles in the medium-duty class certifying to the LEV II exhaust emission
standards in section 1961, shall not exceed:
13
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
________________________________________________________________
SFTP EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS
FOR LOW-EMISSION VEHICLES, ULTRA-LOW-EMISSION VEHICLES, AND
SUPER-ULTRA-LOW-EMISSION VEHICLES IN THE PASSENGER CAR,
LIGHT-DUTY TRUCK, AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLE CLASSES
(grams per mile) 5,6,7,8,9,10,11
Vehicle
Type1
Gross Vehicle
Weight Rating
(lbs.)
Loaded Vehicle
Test Weight
(lbs.)2
US06 Test1
A/C Test1,45
NMHC34 + NOx1
CO1
NMHC34 + NOx1
CO1
PC
All
All
Vehicles in this
category are tested
at their loaded
vehicle weight (curb
weight plus 300
lbs.)
0.14
8.0
0.20
2.7
LDT
LDT
< 6,000 lbs.
0-3750
Vehicles in this
category are tested
at their loaded
vehicle weight (curb
weight plus 300
lbs.)
0.14
8.0
0.20
2.7
3751-5750
Vehicles in this
category are tested
at their loaded
vehicle weight (curb
weight plus 300
lbs.)
0.25
10.5
0.27
3.5
MDV
MDV
6,001-8,500
lbs.2
3751-5750
Vehicles in this
category are tested
at their adjusted
loaded vehicle
weight (average of
curb weight and
GVWR)
0.40
10.5
0.31
3.5
5751-85003
Vehicles in this
category are tested
at their adjusted
loaded vehicle
weight (average of
curb weight and
GVWR)
0.60
11.8
0.44
4.0
1
Abbreviations and Definitions. For the purposes of this SFTP standards table only, the
following abbreviations and definitions apply:
“PC” means passenger car.
“LDT” means light-duty truck, defined as any motor vehicle rated at 6,000 pounds gross
vehicle weight or less, which is designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property
14
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or is available with special features enabling off-street or
off-highway operation and use
means passenger car.
“LDT” means light-duty truck, defined as any motor vehicle rated at 6,000 pounds gross
vehicle weight or less, which is designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property
14
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
or is a derivative of such a vehicle, or is available with special features enabling off-street or
off-highway operation and use.
“MDV” means medium-duty truck, defined as any motor vehicle having a manufacturer’s
gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 6,000 pounds and less than 14,001 pounds,
except passenger cars.
“NMHC+NOx” means non-methane hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen emissions.
“CO” means carbon monoxide emissions.
“US06” means the test cycle designed to evaluate emissions during aggressive and
microtransient driving.
“A/C” means air-conditioning.
2
For MDVs, “Loaded Vehicle Weight” shall mean “Test Weight,” which is the average of the
vehicle’s curb weight and gross vehicle weight.
23
Vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating over 8,500 pounds are exempted from the
requirements of this subsection.
34
Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Emissions. Hydrocarbon emissions shall be measured in
accordance with Part B (Determination of Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Mass Emissions by
Flame Ionization Detection) of the “California Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures” as
incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(g)(1), note (3). For alcohol-fueled vehicles
certifying to these standards, including flexible-fuel vehicles when certifying on methanol or
ethanol, “Non-Methane Hydrocarbons” shall mean “Organic Material Non-Methane
Hydrocarbon Equivalent.”
45
A/C-on Specific Calibrations. A/C-on specific calibrations (e.g. air to fuel ratio, spark timing,
and exhaust gas recirculation), may be used which differ from A/C-off calibrations for given
engine operating conditions (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, coolant temperature, air
charge temperature, and any other parameters)
shall mean “Organic Material Non-Methane
Hydrocarbon Equivalent.”
45
A/C-on Specific Calibrations. A/C-on specific calibrations (e.g. air to fuel ratio, spark timing,
and exhaust gas recirculation), may be used which differ from A/C-off calibrations for given
engine operating conditions (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, coolant temperature, air
charge temperature, and any other parameters). Such calibrations must not unnecessarily
reduce the NMHC+NOx emission control effectiveness during A/C-on operation when the
vehicle is operated under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered
during normal operation and use. If reductions in control system NMHC+NOx effectiveness
do occur as a result of such calibrations, the manufacturer shall, in the Application for
Certification, specify the circumstances under which such reductions do occur, and the
reason for the use of such calibrations resulting in such reductions in control system
effectiveness.
A/C-on specific “open-loop” or “commanded enrichment” air-fuel enrichment strategies (as
defined below), which differ from A/C-off “open-loop” or “commanded enrichment” air-fuel
enrichment strategies, may not be used, with the following exceptions: cold-start and warm-
up conditions, or, subject to Executive Officer approval, conditions requiring the protection of
the vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission control hardware. Other than these exceptions,
such strategies which are invoked based on manifold pressure, engine speed, throttle
position, or other engine parameters shall use the same engine parameter criteria for the
invoking of this air-fuel enrichment strategy and the same degree of enrichment regardless of
whether the A/C is on or off.
“Open-loop” or “commanded” air-fuel enrichment strategy is defined as enrichment of the air
to fuel ratio beyond stoichiometry for the purposes of increasing engine power output and the
protection of engine or emissions control hardware
same engine parameter criteria for the
invoking of this air-fuel enrichment strategy and the same degree of enrichment regardless of
whether the A/C is on or off.
“Open-loop” or “commanded” air-fuel enrichment strategy is defined as enrichment of the air
to fuel ratio beyond stoichiometry for the purposes of increasing engine power output and the
protection of engine or emissions control hardware. However, “closed-loop biasing,” defined
as small changes in the air-fuel ratio for the purposes of optimizing vehicle emissions or
driveability, shall not be considered an “open-loop” or “commanded” air-fuel enrichment
strategy. In addition, “transient” air-fuel enrichment strategy (or “tip-in” and “tip-out”
enrichment), defined as the temporary use of an air-fuel ratio rich of stoichiometry at the
beginning or duration of rapid throttle motion, shall not be considered an “open-loop” or
“commanded” air-fuel enrichment strategy.
56
SFTP. SFTP means the additional test procedure designed to measure emissions during
aggressive and microtransient driving, as described in section 86.159-00, Title 40, Code of
15
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
Federal Regulations, as adopted October 22, 1996, over the US06 cycle, and also the test
procedure designed to measure urban driving emissions while the vehicle’s air conditioning
system is operating, as described in section 86.160-00, Title 40, Code of Federal
Regulations, as adopted October 22, 1996, over the SC03 cycle, except the test weight shall
be that specified in this subsection 1960.1(r), regardless of what may be specified in the
Code of Federal Regulations. These sections of the Code of Federal Regulations are
incorporated herein by reference.
67
Applicability to Alternative Fuel Vehicles. These SFTP standards do not apply to vehicles
certified on fuels other than gasoline and diesel fuel, but the standards do apply to the
gasoline and diesel fuel operation of flexible-fuel vehicles and dual-fuel vehicles
ecified in the
Code of Federal Regulations. These sections of the Code of Federal Regulations are
incorporated herein by reference.
67
Applicability to Alternative Fuel Vehicles. These SFTP standards do not apply to vehicles
certified on fuels other than gasoline and diesel fuel, but the standards do apply to the
gasoline and diesel fuel operation of flexible-fuel vehicles and dual-fuel vehicles.
78
Air to Fuel Ratio Requirement. With the exception of cold-start conditions, warm-up
conditions and rapid-throttle motion conditions (“tip-in” or “tip-out” conditions), the air to fuel
ratio shall not be richer at any time than, for a given engine operating condition (e.g., engine
speed, manifold pressure, coolant temperature, air charge temperature, and any other
parameters), the leanest air to fuel mixture required to obtain maximum torque (lean best
torque), with a tolerance of six percent of the fuel consumption. The Executive Officer may
approve a manufacturer’s request for approval to use additional enrichment in subsequent
testing if the manufacturer demonstrates that additional enrichment is needed to protect the
vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission control hardware.
89
“Lean-On-Cruise” Calibration Strategies. In the Application for Certification, the manufacturer
shall state whether any “lean-on-cruise” strategies are incorporated into the vehicle design. A
“lean-on-cruise” air-fuel calibration strategy is defined as the use of an air-fuel ratio
significantly greater than stoichiometry, during non-deceleration conditions at speeds above
40 mph. “Lean-on-cruise” air-fuel calibration strategies shall not be employed during vehicle
operation in normal driving conditions, including A/C-usage, unless at least one of the
following conditions is met:
1. Such strategies are substantially employed during the FTP or SFTP, or
2. Such strategies are demonstrated not to significantly reduce vehicle NMHC+NOx
emission control effectiveness over the operating conditions in which they are employed,
or
3
hall not be employed during vehicle
operation in normal driving conditions, including A/C-usage, unless at least one of the
following conditions is met:
1. Such strategies are substantially employed during the FTP or SFTP, or
2. Such strategies are demonstrated not to significantly reduce vehicle NMHC+NOx
emission control effectiveness over the operating conditions in which they are employed,
or
3. Such strategies are demonstrated to be necessary to protect the vehicle, occupants,
engine, or emission control hardware.
If the manufacturer proposes to use a “lean-on-cruise” calibration strategy, the manufacturer
shall specify the circumstances under which such a calibration would be used, and the
reason or reasons for the proposed use of such a calibration.
The above provisions shall not apply to vehicles powered by “lean-burn” engines or Diesel-
cycle engines. A “lean-burn” engine is defined as an Otto-cycle engine designed to run at an
air-fuel ratio significantly greater than stoichiometry during the large majority of its operation.
910 Phase-In Requirements. For the purposes of this 1960.1(r) section only, each manufacturer’s
PC and LDT fleet shall be defined as the total projected number of low-emission and ultra-
low-emission PCs and LDTs from 0-5750 pounds loaded vehicle weight sold in California.
Each manufacturer’s MDV fleet shall be defined as the total projected number of low-
emission, ultra-low-emission, and super-ultra-low-emission MDVs less than 8501 pounds
gross vehicle weight rating sold in California.
a. For the 2001 through 2014 model years, mManufacturers of PCs, LDTs, and MDVs,
except small volume manufacturers, shall certify a minimum percentage of their PC and
LDT fleet, and a minimum percentage of their MDV fleet, according to the following
phase-in schedule.
16
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
Percentage
Model Year
PC, LDT
MDV
2001
25
NA
2002
50
NA
2003
85
25
2004
100
50
2005 through 2014 and
subsequent
100
100
b
PCs, LDTs, and MDVs,
except small volume manufacturers, shall certify a minimum percentage of their PC and
LDT fleet, and a minimum percentage of their MDV fleet, according to the following
phase-in schedule.
16
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
Percentage
Model Year
PC, LDT
MDV
2001
25
NA
2002
50
NA
2003
85
25
2004
100
50
2005 through 2014 and
subsequent
100
100
b. Manufacturers may use an “Alternative or Equivalent Phase-in Schedule” to comply with
the phase-in requirements. An “Alternative Phase-in” is one that achieves at least
equivalent emission reductions by the end of the last model year of the scheduled phase-
in. Model-year emission reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the percent of
vehicles (based on the manufacturer’s projected California sales volume of the applicable
vehicle fleet) meeting the new requirements per model year by the number of model
years implemented prior to and including the last model year of the scheduled phase-in.
The “cumulative total” is the summation of the model-year emission reductions (e.g., a
four model-year 25/50/85/100 percent phase-in schedule would be calculated as: (25%*4
years) + (50%*3 years) + (85%*2 years) + (100%*1 year) = 520). Any alternative phase-
in that results in an equal or larger cumulative total than the required cumulative total by
the end of the last model year of the scheduled phase-in shall be considered acceptable
by the Executive Officer under the following conditions: 1) all vehicles subject to the
phase-in shall comply with the respective requirements in the last model year of the
required phase-in schedule and 2) if a manufacturer uses the optional phase-in
percentage determination in section 1960.1(q) note (9), the cumulative total of model-
year emission reductions as determined only for PCs and LDTs certified to this section
1960.1(r) must also be equal to or larger than the required cumulative total by end of the
2004 model year
quirements in the last model year of the
required phase-in schedule and 2) if a manufacturer uses the optional phase-in
percentage determination in section 1960.1(q) note (9), the cumulative total of model-
year emission reductions as determined only for PCs and LDTs certified to this section
1960.1(r) must also be equal to or larger than the required cumulative total by end of the
2004 model year. Manufacturers shall be allowed to include vehicles introduced before
the first model year of the scheduled phase-in (e.g., in the previous example, 10 percent
introduced one year before the scheduled phase-in begins would be calculated as:
(10%*5 years) and added to the cumulative total).
c. Small volume manufacturers of PCs, LDTs, and MDVs shall certify 100% of their PC and
LDT fleet in the 2004 through 2014 and subsequent model years, and 100% of their MDV
fleet in the 2005 through 2014 and subsequent model years.
101 Single-Roll Electric Dynamometer Requirement. For all vehicles certified to the SFTP
standards, a single-roll electric dynamometer or a dynamometer which produces equivalent
results, as set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for
1988 Through 2000 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and
Medium-Duty Vehicles” as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(k) or the “California
2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures and 2009 through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards
and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” as
incorporated by reference in section 1961(d), as applicable, must be used for all types of
emission testing to determine compliance with the associated emission standards.
________________________________________________________________
NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104 and 43105, Health
and Safety Code
Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” as
incorporated by reference in section 1961(d), as applicable, must be used for all types of
emission testing to determine compliance with the associated emission standards.
________________________________________________________________
NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104 and 43105, Health
and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018,
43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43103, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107 and 43204-43205.5, Health
and Safety Code.
17
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
§ 1961. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 2004 through
2019 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and
Medium-Duty Vehicles.
Introduction. This section 1961 contains the California “LEV II” exhaust emission
standards for 2004 through 2019 and subsequent model passenger cars, light-
duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles. A manufacturer must demonstrate
compliance with the exhaust standards in section 1961(a) applicable to specific
test groups, and with the composite phase-in requirements in section 1961(b)
applicable to the manufacturer’s entire fleet. Section 1961(b) also includes the
manufacturer’s fleet-wide composite phase-in requirements for the 2001 - 2003
model years.
*
*
*
*
(a)
Exhaust Emission Standards.
(1)
“LEV II” Exhaust Standards
ompliance with the exhaust standards in section 1961(a) applicable to specific
test groups, and with the composite phase-in requirements in section 1961(b)
applicable to the manufacturer’s entire fleet. Section 1961(b) also includes the
manufacturer’s fleet-wide composite phase-in requirements for the 2001 - 2003
model years.
*
*
*
*
(a)
Exhaust Emission Standards.
(1)
“LEV II” Exhaust Standards. The following standards are represent
the maximum exhaust emissions for the intermediate and full useful life from new
2004 through 2019 and subsequent model-year “LEV II” LEVs, ULEVs, and
SULEVs, including fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and dual fuel vehicles when operating on
the gaseous or alcohol fuel they are designed to use.: 2015 – 2019 model-year
LEV II LEV vehicles may be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for
LEV160, LEV395, or LEV630, as applicable, in subsection 1961.2(a)(1) and the
corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection 1961.2(a)(4), in lieu
of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in this subsection
(a)(1) and subsection (a)(4); LEV II ULEV vehicles may be certified to the
NMOG+NOx numerical values for ULEV125, ULEV340, or ULEV570, as
applicable, in subsection 1961.2(a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx
numerical values in subsection 1961.2(a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and
NOx exhaust emission standards in this subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding
NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection (a)(4); and LEV II SULEV vehicles
may be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for SULEV30, SULEV170,
or SULEV230, as applicable, in subsection 1961.2(a)(1) and the corresponding
NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection 1961.2(a)(4), in lieu of the separate
NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in this subsection (a)(1) and the
corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection (a)(4)
ion (a)(4); and LEV II SULEV vehicles
may be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for SULEV30, SULEV170,
or SULEV230, as applicable, in subsection 1961.2(a)(1) and the corresponding
NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection 1961.2(a)(4), in lieu of the separate
NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in this subsection (a)(1) and the
corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection (a)(4).
18
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
LEV II Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2004 through 2019 and
Subsequent Model
LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs
in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes
Vehicle Type
Durability
Vehicle
Basis (mi)
Vehicle
Emission
Category
NMOG
(g/mi)
Carbon
Monoxide
(g/mi)
Oxides
of
Nitrogen
(g/mi)
Formaldehyde
(mg/mi)
Particulates
(g/mi)
All PCs;
LDTs 8500 lbs. GVWR
or less
Vehicles in this category
are tested at their
loaded vehicle weight
50,000
LEV
0.075
3.4
0.05
15
n/a
LEV,
Option 1
0.075
3.4
0.07
15
n/a
ULEV
0.040
1.7
0.05
8
n/a
120,000
LEV
0.090
4.2
0.07
18
0.01
LEV,
Option 1
0.090
4.2
0.10
18
0.01
ULEV
0.055
2.1
0.07
11
0.01
SULEV
0.010
1.0
0.02
4
0.01
150,000
(Optional)
LEV
0.090
4.2
0.07
18
0.01
LEV,
Option 1
0.090
4.2
0.10
18
0.01
ULEV
0.055
2.1
0.07
11
0.01
SULEV
0.010
1.0
0.02
4
0.01
MDVs
8501 - 10,000 lbs.
GVWR
Vehicles in this category
are tested at their
adjusted loaded vehicle
weight
120,000
LEV
0.195
6.4
0.2
32
0.12
ULEV
0.143
6.4
0.2
16
0.06
SULEV
0.100
3.2
0.1
8
0.06
150,000
(Optional)
LEV
0.195
6.4
0.2
32
0.12
ULEV
0.143
6.4
0.2
16
0.06
SULEV
0.100
3.2
0.1
8
0.06
MDVs
10,001-14,000 lbs.
GVWR
Vehicles in this category
are tested at their
adjusted loaded vehicle
weight
120,000
LEV
0.230
7.3
0.4
40
0.12
ULEV
0.167
7.3
0.4
21
0.06
SULEV
0.117
3.7
0.2
10
0.06
150,000
(Optional)
LEV
0.230
7.3
0.4
40
0.12
ULEV
0.167
7.3
0.4
21
0.06
SULEV
0.117
3.7
0.2
10
0.06
19
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
*
*
*
*
6
SULEV
0.100
3.2
0.1
8
0.06
MDVs
10,001-14,000 lbs.
GVWR
Vehicles in this category
are tested at their
adjusted loaded vehicle
weight
120,000
LEV
0.230
7.3
0.4
40
0.12
ULEV
0.167
7.3
0.4
21
0.06
SULEV
0.117
3.7
0.2
10
0.06
150,000
(Optional)
LEV
0.230
7.3
0.4
40
0.12
ULEV
0.167
7.3
0.4
21
0.06
SULEV
0.117
3.7
0.2
10
0.06
19
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
*
*
*
*
(3)
LEV II NMOG Standards for Bi-Fuel, Fuel-Flexible and Dual-Fuel
Vehicles Operating on Gasoline. For fuel-flexible, bi-fuel, and dual-fuel PCs,
LDTs and MDVs, compliance with the NMOG exhaust mass emission standards
shall be based on exhaust emission tests both when the vehicle is operated on
the gaseous or alcohol fuel it is designed to use, and when the vehicle is
operated on gasoline. A manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with the
applicable exhaust mass emission standards for NMOG, CO, NOx, and
formaldehyde set forth in the table in section 1961(a)(1) when certifying the
vehicle for operation on the gaseous or alcohol fuel.
The following standards are represent the maximum NMOG emissions when the
vehicle is operating on gasoline. A manufacturer shall not apply a reactivity
adjustment factor to the exhaust NMOG mass emission result when operating on
gasoline. A manufacturer may measure NMHC in lieu of NMOG when fuel-
flexible, bi-fuel, and dual-fuel vehicles are operated on gasoline, in accordance
with the test procedures incorporated by reference in section 1961(d). Testing at
50oF is not required for fuel-flexible, bi-fuel, and dual-fuel vehicles when
operating on gasoline. The applicable CO, NOx, and formaldehyde standards
are set forth in section 1961(a)(1).
LEV II NMOG Standards for Bi-Fuel, Fuel-Flexible, and
Dual-Fuel Vehicles
Operating on Gasoline
(g/mi)
Vehicle Type
Vehicle
Emission
Category
Durability Vehicle Basis
50,000 mi
120,000
mi
All PCs;
LDTs, 0-8500 lbs. GVWR
LEV
0.125
0.156
ULEV
0.075
0.090
SULEV
0.010
0.040
MDVs, 8501-10,000 lbs
rating on gasoline. The applicable CO, NOx, and formaldehyde standards
are set forth in section 1961(a)(1).
LEV II NMOG Standards for Bi-Fuel, Fuel-Flexible, and
Dual-Fuel Vehicles
Operating on Gasoline
(g/mi)
Vehicle Type
Vehicle
Emission
Category
Durability Vehicle Basis
50,000 mi
120,000
mi
All PCs;
LDTs, 0-8500 lbs. GVWR
LEV
0.125
0.156
ULEV
0.075
0.090
SULEV
0.010
0.040
MDVs, 8501-10,000 lbs.
GVWR
LEV
n/a
0.230
ULEV
n/a
0.167
SULEV
n/a
0.117
MDVs, 10,001-14,000
lbs. GVWR
LEV
n/a
0.280
ULEV
n/a
0.195
SULEV
n/a
0.143
20
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
(4)
LEV II 50°F Exhaust Emission Standards. All LEV II light- and
medium-duty LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs must demonstrate compliance with the
following exhaust emission standards for NMOG and formaldehyde (HCHO)
measured on the FTP (40 CFR, Part 86, Subpart B) conducted at a nominal test
temperature of 50°F, as modified by Part II, Section C of the “California 2001
through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and Subsequent Model
Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for
Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles” incorporated by
reference in section 1961(d). The NMOG mass emission result shall be
multiplied by the applicable reactivity adjustment factor, if any, prior to comparing
to the applicable adjusted 50,000 mile certification standards set forth below
6 and Subsequent Model
Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for
Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles” incorporated by
reference in section 1961(d). The NMOG mass emission result shall be
multiplied by the applicable reactivity adjustment factor, if any, prior to comparing
to the applicable adjusted 50,000 mile certification standards set forth below. A
manufacturer may demonstrate compliance with the NMOG and HCHO
certification standards contained in this subparagraph by measuring NMHC
exhaust emissions or issuing a statement of compliance for HCHO in accordance
with Section D.1, subparagraph (p) and Section G.3.1.2, respectively, of the
“California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission
Standards and Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and
Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles”
incorporated by reference in section 1961(d). Emissions of CO and NOx
measured at 50°F shall not exceed the standards set forth in §1961(a)(1)
applicable to vehicles of the same emission category and vehicle type subject to
a cold soak and emission test at 68° to 86°F. Natural gas and diesel-fueled
vehicles are exempt from the 50°F test requirements.
Vehicle Weight
Class
Vehicle Emission Category (g/mi)
LEV
ULEV
SULEV
NMOG
HCHO
NMOG
HCHO
NMOG
HCHO
PCs; LDTs 0-8500
lbs. GVWR
0.150
0.030
0.080
0.016
0.020 0.008
MDVs 8501-10,000 lbs.
GVWR
0.390
0.064
0.286
0.032
0.200 0.016
MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs.
GVWR
0.460
0.080
0.334
0.042
0.234 0.020
21
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
e exempt from the 50°F test requirements.
Vehicle Weight
Class
Vehicle Emission Category (g/mi)
LEV
ULEV
SULEV
NMOG
HCHO
NMOG
HCHO
NMOG
HCHO
PCs; LDTs 0-8500
lbs. GVWR
0.150
0.030
0.080
0.016
0.020 0.008
MDVs 8501-10,000 lbs.
GVWR
0.390
0.064
0.286
0.032
0.200 0.016
MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs.
GVWR
0.460
0.080
0.334
0.042
0.234 0.020
21
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
(5)
LEV II Cold CO Standard. The following standards are represent
the 50,000 mile cold temperature exhaust carbon monoxide emission levels from
new 2001 through 2019 and subsequent model-year LEV II passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles:
2001 THROUGH 2019 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL-YEAR COLD
TEMPERATURE
CARBON MONOXIDE EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR LEV II
PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES
(grams per mile)
Vehicle Type
Carbon
Monoxide
All PCs, LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW;
10.0
LDTs, 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVWR;
LEV I and Tier 1 MDVs 8500 lbs. GVWR
and less
12.5
These standards are applicable to vehicles tested at a nominal temperature of
20oF (-7oC) in accordance with 40 CFR Part 86 Subpart C, as amended by the
“California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission
Standards and Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and
Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles”
incorporated by reference in section 1961(d). Natural gas, diesel-fueled, and
zero-emission vehicles are exempt from these standards.
*
*
*
*
(7)
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) Off-Cycle Emission
Standards. The SFTP exhaust emission levels from new 2004 through 2019 and
subsequent model LEV II LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs shall not exceed the
standards set forth in section 1960.1(r).
les”
incorporated by reference in section 1961(d). Natural gas, diesel-fueled, and
zero-emission vehicles are exempt from these standards.
*
*
*
*
(7)
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) Off-Cycle Emission
Standards. The SFTP exhaust emission levels from new 2004 through 2019 and
subsequent model LEV II LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs shall not exceed the
standards set forth in section 1960.1(r).
(8)
Requirements for Vehicles Certified to the Optional 150,000 Mile
Standards.
*
*
*
*
(B) Requirement to Generate a Partial ZEV Allowance. A vehicle that
is certified to the 150,000 mile SULEV standards shall also generate a partial
ZEV allocation according to the criteria set forth in section C.3 of the “California
Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2005 through 2008 and
22
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and 2001 through 2008 and
Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty
Truck, and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section
1962, the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009
through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the
Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck, and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,”
incorporated by reference in section 1962.1, or the “California Exhaust Emission
Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission
Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck,
and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section
1962.2,as applicable.
*
*
*
*
assenger Car, Light-Duty Truck, and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,”
incorporated by reference in section 1962.1, or the “California Exhaust Emission
Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission
Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck,
and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section
1962.2,as applicable.
*
*
*
*
(14) When a Federally-Certified Vehicle Model is Required in California.
(A) General Requirement. Whenever a manufacturer federally-certifies
a 2004 through 2014 or subsequent model-year passenger car, light-duty truck or
medium-duty vehicle model to the standards for a particular emissions bin that
are more stringent than the standards for an applicable California emission
category, the equivalent California model may only be certified to (i) the
California standards for a vehicle emissions category that are at least as
stringent as the standards for the corresponding federal emissions bin, or (ii) the
exhaust emission standards to which the federal model is certified. However,
where the federal exhaust emission standards for the particular emissions bin
and the California standards for a vehicle emissions category are equally
stringent, the California model may only be certified to either the California
standards for that vehicle emissions category or more stringent California
standards. The federal emission bins are those contained in Tables S04-1 and
S04-2 of 40 CFR §86.1811-04(c) as adopted February 10, 2000. The criteria for
applying this requirement are set forth in Part I. Section H.1 of the “California
2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and
Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and Subsequent Model
Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for
Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” as incorporated
by reference in section 1961(d).
*
*
*
*
this requirement are set forth in Part I. Section H.1 of the “California
2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and
Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and Subsequent Model
Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for
Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” as incorporated
by reference in section 1961(d).
*
*
*
*
(b)
Emission Standards Phase-In Requirements for Manufacturers.
23
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
(1)
Fleet Average NMOG Requirements for Passenger Cars and Light-
Duty Trucks.
(A) The fleet average non-methane organic gas exhaust mass
emission values from the passenger cars and light-duty trucks certified to the Tier
1, LEV I, and LEV II standards that are produced and delivered for sale in
California each model year from 2001 through 2014 by a manufacturer other than
a small volume manufacturer or an independent low volume manufacturer shall
not exceed:
FLEET AVERAGE NON-METHANE ORGANIC GAS
EXHAUST MASS EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR
LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASSES
(50,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis)
Model Year
Fleet Average NMOG (grams per mile)
All PCs;
LDTs 0-3750 lbs.
LVW
LDTs
3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs.
GVW
2001
0.070
0.098
2002
0.068
0.095
2003
0.062
0.093
2004
0.053
0.085
2005
0.049
0.076
2006
0.046
0.062
2007
0.043
0.055
2008
0.040
0.050
2009
0.038
0.047
2010 through
20141 +
0.035
0.043
1 For the 2014 model year only, a manufacturer may comply with the fleet average NMOG+NOx
values in subsection 1961.2(b)(1)(A) in lieu of complying with the NMOG fleet average values in
this table. A manufacturer must either comply with the NMOG+NOx fleet average requirements
for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet or comply with the NMOG fleet average
requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet. A manufacturer must calculate
its fleet average NMOG+NOx values using the applicable full useful life standards.
(B)
Calculation of Fleet Average NMOG Value.
1
ble. A manufacturer must either comply with the NMOG+NOx fleet average requirements
for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet or comply with the NMOG fleet average
requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet. A manufacturer must calculate
its fleet average NMOG+NOx values using the applicable full useful life standards.
(B)
Calculation of Fleet Average NMOG Value.
1.
Basic Calculation.
*
*
*
*
24
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
c.
The applicable emission standards to be used in the above
equations are as follows:
Model Year
Emission
Category
Emission Standard Value
All PCs;
LDTs 0-3750 lbs.
LVW
LDTs
3751-5750 lbs.
LVW
2001 through 2014 and
subsequent (§1960.5 “AB
965” vehicles only)
All
Federal Emission
Standard to which
Vehicle is Certified
Federal Emission
Standard to
which Vehicle is
Certified
2001 - 2003
(§1960.1(f)(2))
Tier 1
0.25
0.32
2001 - 2006 model year
vehicles certified to the
“LEV I” standards in
§1960.1(g)(1) (For TLEVs,
2001 - 2003 model years
only)
TLEVs
0.125
0.160
LEVs
0.075
0.100
ULEVs
0.040
0.050
Model Year
Emission
Category
All PCs;
LDTs 0-3750 lbs.
LVW
LDTs 3751 lbs.
LVW - 8500 lbs.
GVW
2004 through 2014 and
subsequent model year
vehicles certified to the
“LEV II” standards in
§1961(a)(1)
LEVs
0.075
0.075
ULEVs
0.040
0.040
SULEVs
0.01
0.01
2004 through 2014 and
subsequent model year
vehicles certified to the
optional 150,000 mile
“LEV II” standards for PCs
and LDTs in 1961(a)(1)
LEVs
0.064
0.064
ULEVs
0.034
0.034
SULEVs
0.0085
0.0085
*
*
*
*
3.
Federally-Certified Vehicles
s.
GVW
2004 through 2014 and
subsequent model year
vehicles certified to the
“LEV II” standards in
§1961(a)(1)
LEVs
0.075
0.075
ULEVs
0.040
0.040
SULEVs
0.01
0.01
2004 through 2014 and
subsequent model year
vehicles certified to the
optional 150,000 mile
“LEV II” standards for PCs
and LDTs in 1961(a)(1)
LEVs
0.064
0.064
ULEVs
0.034
0.034
SULEVs
0.0085
0.0085
*
*
*
*
3.
Federally-Certified Vehicles. A vehicle certified to the
federal standards for a federal exhaust emissions bin in accordance with Section
H.1 of the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust
Emission Standards and Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and
Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,”
as incorporated by reference in section 1961(d), shall use the corresponding
25
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
intermediate useful life NMOG standard to which the vehicle is deemed certified
in the fleet average calculation.
(C)
Requirements for Small Volume Manufacturers.
1.
In 2001 through 2006 model years, a small volume
manufacturer shall not exceed a fleet average NMOG value of 0.075 g/mi for
PCs and LDTs from 0-3750 lbs. LVW or 0.100 g/mi for LDTs from 3751-5750 lbs.
LVW calculated in accordance with section 1961(b)(1)(B). In 2007 through 2014
and subsequent model years, a small volume manufacturer shall not exceed a
fleet average NMOG value of 0.075 for PCs and LDTs from 0-3750 lbs. LVW or
0.075 for LDTs from 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVW calculated in accordance
with section 1961(b)(1)(B).
*
*
*
*
(D)
Phase-in Requirements for Independent Low Volume
Manufacturers. In 2001 through 2006 model years, an independent low volume
manufacturer shall not exceed a fleet average NMOG value of 0.075 g/mi for
PCs and LDTs from 0-3750 lbs. LVW or 0.100 g/mi for LDTs from 3751-5750 lbs.
LVW calculated in accordance with section 1961(b)(1)(B)
W calculated in accordance
with section 1961(b)(1)(B).
*
*
*
*
(D)
Phase-in Requirements for Independent Low Volume
Manufacturers. In 2001 through 2006 model years, an independent low volume
manufacturer shall not exceed a fleet average NMOG value of 0.075 g/mi for
PCs and LDTs from 0-3750 lbs. LVW or 0.100 g/mi for LDTs from 3751-5750 lbs.
LVW calculated in accordance with section 1961(b)(1)(B). In 2007 through 2014
and subsequent model years, an independent low volume manufacturer shall not
exceed a fleet average NMOG value of 0.060 for PCs and LDTs from 0-3750 lbs.
LVW or 0.065 g/mi for LDTs from 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVW calculated in
accordance with section 1961(b)(1)(B).
*
*
*
*
(3)
Medium-Duty Vehicle Phase-In Requirements.
(A) A manufacturer of MDVs, other than a small volume manufacturer,
shall certify an equivalent percentage of its MDV fleet according to the following
phase-in schedule:
26
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
Model
Year
Vehicles Certified to
§1960.1(h)(1), (h)(2),
and §1961(a)(1) (%)
Vehicles Certified to
§1956.8(g) or (h)
(%)
LEV
ULEV
Tier 1
LEV
ULEV
2001
80
20
100
0
0
2002
70
30
0
100
0
2003
60
40
0
100
0
2004
through
2014 +
40
60
0
0
100
(B) Phase-In Requirements for LEV II MDVs. For the 2004 through
2006 model years, a manufacturer, other than a small volume manufacturer must
phase-in at least one test group per model year to the MDV LEV II standards. All
2007 through 2014 and subsequent model year MDVs, including those produced
by a small volume manufacturer, are subject to the LEV II MDV standards.
Beginning in the 2005 model year, all medium-duty engines certified to the
optional medium-duty engine standards in title 13, CCR §1956.8(c) or (h),
including those produced by a small volume manufacturer, must meet the
standards set forth in title 13, CCR §1956.8(c) or (h), as applicable
l year MDVs, including those produced
by a small volume manufacturer, are subject to the LEV II MDV standards.
Beginning in the 2005 model year, all medium-duty engines certified to the
optional medium-duty engine standards in title 13, CCR §1956.8(c) or (h),
including those produced by a small volume manufacturer, must meet the
standards set forth in title 13, CCR §1956.8(c) or (h), as applicable. A
manufacturer that elects to certify to the Option 1 or Option 2 federal standards
as set forth in 40 CFR §86.005-10(f) is not subject to these phase-in
requirements.
(C) Identifying a Manufacturer's MDV Fleet. For the 2001 through 2014
and subsequent model years, each manufacturer’s MDV fleet shall be defined as
the total number of California-certified MDVs produced and delivered for sale in
California. The percentages shall be applied to the manufacturers’ total
production of California-certified medium-duty vehicles delivered for sale in
California. For the 2005 through 2014 and subsequent model years, a
manufacturer that elects to certify to the optional medium-duty engine standards
in title 13, CCR, §1956.8(c) or (h) shall not count those engines in the
manufacturer’s total production of California-certified medium-duty vehicles for
purposes of this subsection.
*
*
*
*
(E)
For a manufacturer that elects to certify to the optional medium-
duty engine standards in title 13, CCR §1956.8(c) or (h), all such 2005 through
2014 and subsequent model year MDVs, including those produced by a small
volume manufacturer, shall be subject to the emissions averaging provisions
applicable to heavy-duty diesel or Otto-cycle engines as set forth in the
27
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and
Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines,” or the “California Exhaust
Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines, incorporated by reference in §1956.8(b) or (d), as
applicable.
ines as set forth in the
27
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and
Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines,” or the “California Exhaust
Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines, incorporated by reference in §1956.8(b) or (d), as
applicable.
(c) Calculation of NMOG Credits/Debits
(1)
Calculation of NMOG Credits for Passenger Cars and Light-Duty
Trucks. In 2001 through 2014 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer that
achieves fleet average NMOG values lower than the fleet average NMOG
requirement for the corresponding model year shall receive credits in units of
g/mi NMOG determined as:
[(Fleet Average NMOG Requirement) - (Manufacturer’s Fleet Average NMOG
Value)] x
(Total No. of Vehicles Produced and Delivered for Sale in California, Including
ZEVs and HEVs).
A manufacturer with 2001 through 2014 and subsequent model year fleet
average NMOG values greater than the fleet average requirement for the
corresponding model year shall receive debits in units of g/mi NMOG equal to the
amount of negative credits determined by the aforementioned equation. For the
2001 through 2014 and subsequent model years, the total g/mi NMOG credits or
debits earned for PCs and LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW, for LDTs 3751-5750 lbs. LVW
and for LDTs 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVW shall be summed together. The
resulting amount shall constitute the g/mi NMOG credits or debits accrued by the
manufacturer for the model year.
credits determined by the aforementioned equation. For the
2001 through 2014 and subsequent model years, the total g/mi NMOG credits or
debits earned for PCs and LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW, for LDTs 3751-5750 lbs. LVW
and for LDTs 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVW shall be summed together. The
resulting amount shall constitute the g/mi NMOG credits or debits accrued by the
manufacturer for the model year.
(2)
Calculation of Vehicle Equivalent NMOG Credits for Medium-Duty
Vehicles.
(A) In 2001 through 2014 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer
that produces and delivers for sale in California MDVs in excess of the equivalent
requirements for LEVs, ULEVs and/or SULEVs certified to the exhaust emission
standards set forth in section 1961(a)(1) or to the exhaust emission standards set
forth in Title 13, CCR, Section 1956.8(h) shall receive “Vehicle-Equivalent
Credits” (or “VECs”) calculated in accordance with the following equation, where
the term “produced” means produced and delivered for sale in California:
*
*
*
*
(3)
Procedure for Offsetting Debits.
(A) A manufacturer shall equalize emission debits by earning g/mi
NMOG emission credits or VECs in an amount equal to the g/mi NMOG debits or
28
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
VEDs, or by submitting a commensurate amount of g/mi NMOG credits or VECs
to the Executive Officer that were earned previously or acquired from another
manufacturer. For 2001 through 2003 and for 2007 through 2014 and
subsequent model years, manufacturers shall equalize emission debits by the
end of the following model year. For 2004 through 2006 model years, a
manufacturer shall equalize NMOG debits for PCs and LDTs and LEV II MDVs
within three model years and prior to the end of the 2007 model year
e earned previously or acquired from another
manufacturer. For 2001 through 2003 and for 2007 through 2014 and
subsequent model years, manufacturers shall equalize emission debits by the
end of the following model year. For 2004 through 2006 model years, a
manufacturer shall equalize NMOG debits for PCs and LDTs and LEV II MDVs
within three model years and prior to the end of the 2007 model year. If emission
debits are not equalized within the specified time period, the manufacturer shall
be subject to the Health and Safety Code section 43211 civil penalty applicable
to a manufacturer which sells a new motor vehicle that does not meet the
applicable emission standards adopted by the state board. The cause of action
shall be deemed to accrue when the emission debits are not equalized by the
end of the specified time period. For the purposes of Health and Safety Code
section 43211, the number of passenger cars and light-duty trucks not meeting
the state board’s emission standards shall be determined by dividing the total
amount of g/mi NMOG emission debits for the model year by the g/mi NMOG
fleet average requirement for PCs and LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW applicable for the
model year in which the debits were first incurred and the number of medium-
duty vehicles not meeting the state board’s emission standards shall be equal to
the amount of VEDs incurred.
*
*
*
*
(d)
Test Procedures. The certification requirements and test procedures
for determining compliance with the emission standards in this section are set
forth in the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust
Emission Standards and Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and
Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,”
as amended September 27, 2010 March 22, 2012, and the “California Non-
Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures,” as amended July 30, 2002 March 22,
2012, which are incorporated herein by reference
andards and Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and
Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,”
as amended September 27, 2010 March 22, 2012, and the “California Non-
Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures,” as amended July 30, 2002 March 22,
2012, which are incorporated herein by reference. In the case of hybrid electric
vehicles and on-board fuel-fired heaters, the certification requirements and test
procedures for determining compliance with the emission standards in this
section are set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for 2005 through 2008 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and 2001
through 2008 Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty
Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section
1962, and the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for
2009 through 2017 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid
Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty
Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.1, and the “California
Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent
Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger
Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” incorporated by
reference in section 1962.2.
29
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
*
*
*
*
NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, and
43105, and 43106, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000,
43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204 and 43205,
Health and Safety Code.
30
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
§ 1961.1
January 26-27, 2012
*
*
*
*
NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, and
43105, and 43106, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000,
43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204 and 43205,
Health and Safety Code.
30
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
§ 1961.1. Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures - 2009 through 2016 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars,
Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.
(a)
Greenhouse Gas Emission Requirements. The greenhouse gas
emission levels from new 2009 through 2016 and subsequent model year
passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles shall not
exceed the following requirements. Light-duty trucks from 3751 lbs. LVW – 8500
lbs. GVW that are certified to the Option 1 LEV II NOx Standard in section
1961(a)(1) are exempt from these greenhouse gas emission requirements,
however, passenger cars, light-duty trucks 0-3750 lbs. LVW, and medium-duty
passenger vehicles are not eligible for this exemption.
(1)
Fleet Average Greenhouse Gas Requirements for Passenger Cars,
Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles.
(A)(i)
The fleet average greenhouse gas exhaust mass emission
values from passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger
vehicles that are produced and delivered for sale in California each model year
by a large volume manufacturer shall not exceed:
31
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
FLEET AVERAGE GREENHOUSE GAS
EXHAUST MASS EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR
PASSENGER CAR, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCK, AND MEDIUM-
DUTY PASSENGER VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASSES1
(4,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis)
Model Year
Fleet Average Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(grams per mile CO2-equivalent)
All PCs;
LDTs 0-3750 lbs.
LVW
LDTs
3751 lbs. LVW - 8500
lbs
1
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
FLEET AVERAGE GREENHOUSE GAS
EXHAUST MASS EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR
PASSENGER CAR, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCK, AND MEDIUM-
DUTY PASSENGER VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASSES1
(4,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis)
Model Year
Fleet Average Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(grams per mile CO2-equivalent)
All PCs;
LDTs 0-3750 lbs.
LVW
LDTs
3751 lbs. LVW - 8500
lbs. GVW; MDPVs
2009
323
439
2010
301
420
2011
267
390
2012
233
361
2013
227
355
2014
222
350
2015
213
341
2016+
205
332
1 Each manufacturer shall demonstrate compliance with these values in accordance with section
1961.1(a)(1)(B).
1. For each model year, a manufacturer must demonstrate
compliance with the fleet average requirements in this section 1961.1(a)(1)(A)
based on one of two options applicable throughout the model year, either:
Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and
medium-duty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust
emission standards in this section 1961.1, and are produced and delivered for
sale in California; or
Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and
medium-duty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust
emission standards in this section 1961.1, and are produced and delivered for
sale in California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted
California's greenhouse gas emission standards for that model year pursuant to
Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).
a.
For the 2009 and 2010 model years, a manufacturer that
selects compliance Option 2 must notify the Executive Officer of that selection, in
writing, within 30 days of the effective date of the amendments to this section
mbia, and all states that have adopted
California's greenhouse gas emission standards for that model year pursuant to
Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).
a.
For the 2009 and 2010 model years, a manufacturer that
selects compliance Option 2 must notify the Executive Officer of that selection, in
writing, within 30 days of the effective date of the amendments to this section
(a)(1)(A)1 or must comply with Option 1.
32
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
b.
For the 2011 through 2016 and later model years, a
manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must notify the Executive Officer
of that selection, in writing, prior to the start of the applicable model year or must
comply with Option 1.
c.
When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using
Option 2 for a given model year, the term "in California" as used in subsections
1961.1(a)(1)(B)3. and 1961.1 (b) means California, the District of Columbia, and
all states that have adopted California's greenhouse gas emission standards for
that model year pursuant to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. §
7507).
d.
A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must
provide to the Executive Officer separate values for the number of vehicles
produced and delivered for sale in the District of Columbia and for each individual
state within the average.
(A)(ii) For the 2012 through 2016 model years, a manufacturer
may elect to demonstrate compliance with this section 1961.1 by demonstrating
compliance with the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program as
follows:
1.
A manufacturer that selects compliance with this option
1961.1(a)(1)(A)(ii) must notify the Executive Officer of that selection, in writing,
prior to the start of the applicable model year or must comply with
1961.1(a)(1)(A)(i).;
2.
The manufacturer must submit to ARB a copy of the Model
Year CAFE report that it submitted to EPA as required under 40 CFR §86.1865-
12 (May 7, 2010) (as proposed at 74 Fed. Reg
urer that selects compliance with this option
1961.1(a)(1)(A)(ii) must notify the Executive Officer of that selection, in writing,
prior to the start of the applicable model year or must comply with
1961.1(a)(1)(A)(i).;
2.
The manufacturer must submit to ARB a copy of the Model
Year CAFE report that it submitted to EPA as required under 40 CFR §86.1865-
12 (May 7, 2010) (as proposed at 74 Fed. Reg. 49454, 49760 (September 28,
2009) and adopted by EPA on April 1, 2010, 75 Fed. Reg. [insert page] (April
[insert date], 2010), for demonstrating compliance with the 2012 through 2016
MY National greenhouse gas program and the EPA determination of compliance.
These must be submitted within 30 days of receipt of the EPA determination of
compliance, for each model year that a manufacturer selects compliance with
this option 1961.1(a)(1)(A)(ii);. and
3.
The manufacturer must provide to the Executive Officer
separate values for the number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale in
California, the District of Columbia, and each individual state that has adopted
California's greenhouse gas emission standards for that model year pursuant to
Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507); and
33
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
34.
If a manufacturer has outstanding greenhouse gas debits at
the end of the 2011 model year, as calculated in accordance with 1961.1(b), the
manufacturer must submit to the Executive Officer a plan for offsetting all
outstanding greenhouse gas debits by using greenhouse gas credits earned
under the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program before
applying those credits to offset any 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse
gas program debits. Upon approval of the plan by the Executive Officer, the
manufacturer may demonstrate compliance with this section 1961.1 by
demonstrating compliance with the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse
gas program
e gas credits earned
under the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program before
applying those credits to offset any 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse
gas program debits. Upon approval of the plan by the Executive Officer, the
manufacturer may demonstrate compliance with this section 1961.1 by
demonstrating compliance with the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse
gas program. Any California debits not offset by the end of the 2016 model year
National greenhouse gas program reporting period are subject to penalties as
provided in this Section 1961.1.
*
*
*
*
(C)
Requirements for Intermediate Volume Manufacturers.
*
*
*
*
3.
In the 2016 and subsequent model years, an intermediate
volume manufacturer shall either:
a.
not exceed a fleet average greenhouse gas emissions value
of 233 g/mi for PCs and LDT1s and 361 g/mi for LDT2s and MDPVs, or
b.
not exceed a fleet average greenhouse gas value of 0.75
times the baseline fleet average greenhouse gas value for PCs and LDT1s and
0.82 times the baseline fleet average greenhouse gas value for LDT2s and
MDPVs, as calculated in section 1961.1(a)(1)(C)2.
*
*
*
*
(D)
Requirements for Small Volume Manufacturers and
Independent Low Volume Manufacturers.
*
*
*
*
3.
In the 2016 and subsequent model years, a small volume
manufacturer and an independent low volume manufacturer shall either:
a.
not exceed the fleet average greenhouse gas emissions
value calculated for each GHG vehicle test group for which a comparable vehicle
is sold by a large volume manufacturer, in accordance with section
1961.1(a)(1)(D)2; or
b.
not exceed a fleet average greenhouse gas emissions value
of 233 g/mi for PCs and LDT1s and 361 g/mi for LDT2s and MDPVs; or
34
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
c
average greenhouse gas emissions
value calculated for each GHG vehicle test group for which a comparable vehicle
is sold by a large volume manufacturer, in accordance with section
1961.1(a)(1)(D)2; or
b.
not exceed a fleet average greenhouse gas emissions value
of 233 g/mi for PCs and LDT1s and 361 g/mi for LDT2s and MDPVs; or
34
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
c.
upon approval of the Executive Officer, if a small volume
manufacturer demonstrates a vehicle model uses an engine, transmission, and
emission control system that is identical to a configuration certified for sale in
California by a large volume manufacturer, those small volume manufacturer
vehicle models are exempt from meeting the requirements in paragraphs 3.a.
and b. of this section.
*
*
*
*
(b)
Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Credits/Debits.
(1)
Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Credits for Passenger Cars, Light-
Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles.
*
*
*
*
(B)
In 2009 through 2016 and subsequent model years, a
manufacturer that achieves fleet average Greenhouse Gas values lower than the
fleet average Greenhouse Gas requirement for the corresponding model year
shall receive credits in units of g/mi Greenhouse Gas determined as:
[(Fleet Average Greenhouse Gas Requirement) - (Manufacturer’s Fleet
Average
Greenhouse Gas Value)] x (Total No. of Vehicles Produced and Delivered
for Sale in California, Including ZEVs and HEVs).
achieves fleet average Greenhouse Gas values lower than the
fleet average Greenhouse Gas requirement for the corresponding model year
shall receive credits in units of g/mi Greenhouse Gas determined as:
[(Fleet Average Greenhouse Gas Requirement) - (Manufacturer’s Fleet
Average
Greenhouse Gas Value)] x (Total No. of Vehicles Produced and Delivered
for Sale in California, Including ZEVs and HEVs).
(2)
A manufacturer with 2009 through 2016 and subsequent model
year fleet average Greenhouse Gas values greater than the fleet average
requirement for the corresponding model year shall receive debits in units of g/mi
Greenhouse Gas equal to the amount of negative credits determined by the
aforementioned equation. For the 2009 through 2016 and subsequent model
years, the total g/mi Greenhouse Gas credits or debits earned for PCs and
LDT1s and for LDT2s and MDPVs shall be summed together. The resulting
amount shall constitute the g/mi Greenhouse Gas credits or debits accrued by
the manufacturer for the model year.
(3)
Procedure for Offsetting Greenhouse Gas Debits.
*
*
*
*
(B)
Greenhouse Gas emission credits earned in the 2000 through
2008 model years shall be treated as if they were earned in the 2011 model year
and shall retain full value through the 2012 model year. Greenhouse Gas
emission credits earned in the 2009 through 2016 and subsequent model years
shall retain full value through the fifth model year after they are earned. The
value of any credits earned in the 2000 through 2008 model years that are not
35
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
used to equalize debits accrued in the 2009 through 2012 model years shall be
discounted by 50% at the beginning of the 2013 model year, shall be discounted
to 25% of its original value if not used by the beginning of the 2014 model year,
and will have no value if not used by the beginning of the 2015 model year
ears that are not
35
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
used to equalize debits accrued in the 2009 through 2012 model years shall be
discounted by 50% at the beginning of the 2013 model year, shall be discounted
to 25% of its original value if not used by the beginning of the 2014 model year,
and will have no value if not used by the beginning of the 2015 model year. Any
credits earned in the 2009 through 2016 and subsequent model years that are
not used by the end of the fifth model year after they are accrued shall be
discounted by 50% at the beginning of the sixth model year after being earned,
shall be discounted to 25% of its original value if not used by the beginning of the
seventh model year after being earned, and will have no value if not used by the
beginning of the eighth model year after being earned.
(c)
Test Procedures. The certification requirements and test procedures
for determining compliance with the emission standards in this section are set
forth in the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust
Emission Standards and Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and
Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,”
incorporated by reference in section 1961(d). In the case of hybrid electric
vehicles and on-board fuel-fired heaters, the certification requirements and test
procedures for determining compliance with the emission standards in this
section are set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for 2009 through 2017 2005 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission
Vehicles, and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the
Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,”
incorporated by reference in section 1962.1.
*
*
*
*
determining compliance with the emission standards in this
section are set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for 2009 through 2017 2005 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission
Vehicles, and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the
Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,”
incorporated by reference in section 1962.1.
*
*
*
*
(e)
Definitions Specific to this Section. The following definitions apply to
this section 1961.1:
*
*
*
*
(7) “2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program” means
the national program that applies to new 2012 through 2016 model year
passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles as
proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at 74 Fed.Reg. 49454
(September 28, 2009) and adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
at EPA on April 1, 2010, 75 Fed.Reg. 25324 [insert page], (May 7, 2010) April
[insert date], 2010, as incorporated in and amended by the " California 2001
through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures and for 2001 2009 through 2016 and Subsequent Model
Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for
Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.”
36
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
*
*
*
*
(9)
“Optional GHG Test Vehicle Configuration” means any GHG
vehicle configuration that is selected for testing by the manufacturer as allowed
by section G.2.3 of the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant
Exhaust Emission Standards 4and Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through
2016 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and
Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty
Vehicles,” other than the worst-case configuration.
*
*
*
*
NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43018.5, 43101, 43104
and 43105, Health and Safety Code
xhaust Emission Standards 4and Test Procedures and for 2001 2009 through
2016 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and
Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty
Vehicles,” other than the worst-case configuration.
*
*
*
*
NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43018.5, 43101, 43104
and 43105, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000,
43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43018.5, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204,
43205 and 43211, Health and Safety Code.
37
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
Note: The entire text of section 1961.2 set forth below is new language and is
shown in “normal type” proposed to be added to the California Code of
Regulations.
Adopt new Sections 1961.2, Title 13, California Code of Regulations to read
as follows:
§ 1961.2. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 2015 and
Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty
Vehicles.
Introduction. This section 1961.2 contains the California “LEV III” exhaust
emission standards for 2015 and subsequent model year passenger cars, light-
duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles. A manufacturer must demonstrate
compliance with the exhaust standards in subsection (a) applicable to specific
test groups, and with the composite phase-in requirements in subsection (b)
applicable to the manufacturer’s entire fleet.
Before the 2015 model year, a manufacturer that produces vehicles that meet the
standards in subsection (a) has the option of certifying the vehicles to those
standards, in which case the vehicles will be treated as LEV III vehicles for
purposes of the fleet-wide phase-in requirements. Similarly, 2015 - 2019 model-
year vehicles may be certified to the “LEV II” exhaust emission standards in
subsection 1961(a)(1), in which case the vehicles will be treated as LEV II
vehicles for purposes of the fleet-wide phase-in requirements
ying the vehicles to those
standards, in which case the vehicles will be treated as LEV III vehicles for
purposes of the fleet-wide phase-in requirements. Similarly, 2015 - 2019 model-
year vehicles may be certified to the “LEV II” exhaust emission standards in
subsection 1961(a)(1), in which case the vehicles will be treated as LEV II
vehicles for purposes of the fleet-wide phase-in requirements.
A manufacturer has the option of certifying engines used in incomplete and
diesel medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of greater than
10,000 lbs. GVW to the heavy-duty engine standards and test procedures set
forth in title 13, CCR, subsections 1956.8(c) and (h). All medium-duty vehicles
with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than or equal to 10,000 lbs. GVW,
including incomplete otto-cycle medium-duty vehicles and medium-duty vehicles
that use diesel cycle engines, must be certified to the LEV III chassis standards
and test procedures set forth in this section 1961.2.
Pooling Provision.
For each model year, a manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with this
section 1961.2 based on one of two options applicable throughout the model
year, either:
Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and
medium-duty vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission
standards in subsection (a) and subsection 1961(a)(1), and are produced and
delivered for sale in California; or
38
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and
medium-duty vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission
standards in subsection (a) and subsection 1961(a)(1), and are produced and
delivered for sale in California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have
adopted California's criteria pollutant emission standards set forth in this section
1961.2 for that model year pursuant to section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act
(42 U.S.C. § 7507)
s that are certified to the California exhaust emission
standards in subsection (a) and subsection 1961(a)(1), and are produced and
delivered for sale in California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have
adopted California's criteria pollutant emission standards set forth in this section
1961.2 for that model year pursuant to section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act
(42 U.S.C. § 7507).
A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must notify the Executive Officer
of that selection in writing prior to the start of the applicable model year or must
comply with Option 1. Once a manufacturer has selected compliance Option 2,
that selection applies unless the manufacturer selects Option 1 and notifies the
Executive Officer of that selection in writing before the start of the applicable model
year.
When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using Option 2 for a given
model year, the term "in California" as used in this section 1961.2 means
California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's
criteria pollutant emission standards set forth in this section 1961.2 for that model
year pursuant to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).
(a)
Exhaust Emission Standards.
(1)
“LEV III” Exhaust Standards. The following standards are the
maximum exhaust emissions for the full useful life from new 2015 and
subsequent model year “LEV III” passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-
duty vehicles, including fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and dual-fuel vehicles when operating
on the gaseous or alcohol fuel they are designed to use
.C. § 7507).
(a)
Exhaust Emission Standards.
(1)
“LEV III” Exhaust Standards. The following standards are the
maximum exhaust emissions for the full useful life from new 2015 and
subsequent model year “LEV III” passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-
duty vehicles, including fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and dual-fuel vehicles when operating
on the gaseous or alcohol fuel they are designed to use. 2015 – 2019 model-
year LEV II LEV vehicles may be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values
for LEV160, LEV395, or LEV630, as applicable, in this subsection (a)(1) and the
corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection (a)(4), in lieu of the
separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in subsections 1961(a)(1)
and 1961(a)(4); LEV II ULEV vehicles may be certified to the NMOG+NOx
numerical values for ULEV125, ULEV340, or ULEV570, as applicable, in this
subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in
subsection (a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission
standards in subsections 1961(a)(1) and 1961(a)(4); and LEV II SULEV vehicles
may be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for SULEV30, SULEV170,
or SULEV230, as applicable, in subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding
NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection (a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG
and NOx exhaust emission standards in subsections 1961(a)(1) and 1961(a)(4).
Such vehicles will be treated as LEV II vehicles for purposes of the fleet-wide
phase-in requirements.
39
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
LEV III Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2015 and Subsequent
Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles
Vehicle Type
Durability
Vehicle
Basis
(mi)
Vehicle
Emission
Category2
NMOG +
Oxides of
Nitrogen
(g/mi)
Carbon
Monoxide
(g/mi)
Formaldehyde
(mg/mi)
Particulates1
(g/mi)
All PCs;
LDTs 8500 lbs
ments.
39
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
LEV III Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2015 and Subsequent
Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles
Vehicle Type
Durability
Vehicle
Basis
(mi)
Vehicle
Emission
Category2
NMOG +
Oxides of
Nitrogen
(g/mi)
Carbon
Monoxide
(g/mi)
Formaldehyde
(mg/mi)
Particulates1
(g/mi)
All PCs;
LDTs 8500 lbs. GVWR
or less;
MDPVs
Vehicles in this category
are tested at their
loaded vehicle weight
150,000
LEV160
0.160
4.2
4
0.01
ULEV125
0.125
2.1
4
0.01
ULEV70
0.070
1.7
4
0.01
ULEV50
0.050
1.7
4
0.01
SULEV30
0.030
1.0
4
0.01
SULEV20
0.020
1.0
4
0.01
MDVs
8501 - 10,000 lbs.
GVWR
Vehicles in this category
are tested at their
adjusted loaded vehicle
weight
150,000
LEV395
0.395
6.4
6
0.12
ULEV340
0.340
3.2
6
0.06
ULEV250
0.250
2.6
6
0.06
ULEV200
0.200
2.6
6
0.06
SULEV170
0.170
1.5
6
0.06
SULEV150
0.150
1.5
6
0.06
MDVs
10,001-14,000 lbs.
GVWR
Vehicles in this category
are tested at their
adjusted loaded vehicle
weight
150,000
LEV630
0.630
7.3
6
0.12
ULEV570
0.570
3.7
6
0.06
ULEV400
0.400
3.0
6
0.06
ULEV270
0.270
3.0
6
0.06
SULEV230
0.230
1.7
6
0.06
SULEV200
0.200
1.7
6
0.06
1 These standards shall apply only to vehicles not included in the phase-in of the particulate standards set
forth in subsection (a)(2).
2 The numeric portion of the category name is the NMOG+NOx value in thousandths of grams per mile.
(2)
“LEV III” Particulate Standards.
(A)
Particulate Standards for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks,
and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. Beginning in the 2017 model year, a
manufacturer, except a small volume manufacturer, shall certify a percentage
of its passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty vehicle fleet to the
following particulate standards according to the following phase-in schedule.
These standards are the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful
life. All vehicles certifying to these particulate standards must certify to the
LEV III exhaust emission standards set forth in subsection (a)(1)
certify a percentage
of its passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty vehicle fleet to the
following particulate standards according to the following phase-in schedule.
These standards are the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful
life. All vehicles certifying to these particulate standards must certify to the
LEV III exhaust emission standards set forth in subsection (a)(1).
40
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Values
and Phase-in for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty
Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles
Model
Year
% of vehicles
certified to a
3 mg/mi
standard
% of vehicles
certified to a
1 mg/mi
standard
2017
10
0
2018
20
0
2019
40
0
2020
70
0
2021
100
0
2022
100
0
2023
100
0
2024
100
0
2025
75
25
2026
50
50
2027
25
75
2028 and
subsequent
0
100
(B)
Particulate Standards for Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than
Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles.
1. Beginning in the 2017 model year, a manufacturer, except a
small volume manufacturer, shall certify a percentage of its medium-duty
vehicle fleet to the following particulate standards. These standards are
the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful life. All vehicles
certifying to these particulate standards must certify to the LEV III exhaust
emission standards set forth in subsection (a)(1). This subsection
(a)(2)(B)1 shall not apply to medium-duty passenger vehicles.
LEV III Particulate Emission Standard
Values for Medium-Duty Vehicles, Other
than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles
Vehicle Type1
Particulates
(mg/mi)
MDVs
8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR,
excluding MDPVs
8
MDVs
10,001 - 14,000 lbs. GVWR
10
1 Vehicles in these categories are tested at their adjusted loaded vehicle weight.
41
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
2
senger vehicles.
LEV III Particulate Emission Standard
Values for Medium-Duty Vehicles, Other
than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles
Vehicle Type1
Particulates
(mg/mi)
MDVs
8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR,
excluding MDPVs
8
MDVs
10,001 - 14,000 lbs. GVWR
10
1 Vehicles in these categories are tested at their adjusted loaded vehicle weight.
41
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
2. A manufacturer of medium-duty vehicles, except a small volume
manufacturer, shall certify at least the following percentage of its medium-
duty vehicle fleet to the particulate standards in subsection (a)(2)(B)1
according to the following phase-in schedule. This subsection (a)(2)(B)2
shall not apply to medium-duty passenger vehicles.
LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Phase-in for Medium-
Duty Vehicles, Other than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles
Model Year
Total % of MDVs certified to the 8 mg/mi
PM Standard or to the 10 mg/mi PM
Standard, as applicable
2017
10
2018
20
2019
40
2020
70
2021 and subsequent
100
(C)
Particulate Standards for Small Volume Manufacturers. In the
2021 through 2027 model years, a small volume manufacturer shall certify
100 percent of its passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty
passenger vehicle fleet to the 3 mg/mi particulate standard. In the 2028 and
subsequent model years, a small volume manufacturer shall certify 100
percent of its passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty passenger
vehicle fleet to the 1 mg/mi particulate standard. In the 2021 and subsequent
model years, a small volume manufacturer shall certify 100 percent of its
medium-duty vehicles 8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR, excluding MDPVs, to the 8
mg/mi particulate standard. In the 2021 and subsequent model years, a small
volume manufacturer shall certify 100 percent of its medium-duty vehicles
10,001 - 14,000 lbs. GVWR to the 10 mg/mi particulate standard. These
standards are the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful life
all certify 100 percent of its
medium-duty vehicles 8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR, excluding MDPVs, to the 8
mg/mi particulate standard. In the 2021 and subsequent model years, a small
volume manufacturer shall certify 100 percent of its medium-duty vehicles
10,001 - 14,000 lbs. GVWR to the 10 mg/mi particulate standard. These
standards are the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful life.
All vehicles certifying to these particulate standards must certify to the LEV III
exhaust emission standards set forth in subsection (a)(1).
(D)
Alternative Phase-in Schedule for Particulate Standards.
1. Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the 3 mg/mi Particulate
Standard for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty
Passenger Vehicles. A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in
schedule to comply with the 3 mg/mi particulate standard phase-in
requirements as long as equivalent PM emission reductions are achieved
by the 2021 model year from passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and
medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model year emission reductions shall
be calculated by multiplying the percent of PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles
meeting the 3 mg/mi particulate standard in a given model year (based on
42
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
a manufacturer's projected sales volume of vehicles in each category) by
5 for the 2017 model year, 4 for the 2018 model year, 3 for the 2019
model year, 2 for the 2020 model year, and 1 for the 2021 model year.
The yearly results for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together
to determine a cumulative total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. The
cumulative total must be equal to or greater than 490 in the 2021 model
year to be considered equivalent. A manufacturer may add vehicles
introduced before the 2017 model year (e.g., the percent of vehicles
introduced in 2016 would be multiplied by 5) to the cumulative total.
2
results for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together
to determine a cumulative total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. The
cumulative total must be equal to or greater than 490 in the 2021 model
year to be considered equivalent. A manufacturer may add vehicles
introduced before the 2017 model year (e.g., the percent of vehicles
introduced in 2016 would be multiplied by 5) to the cumulative total.
2. Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the 1 mg/mi Particulate
Standard for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty
Passenger Vehicles. A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in
schedule to comply with the 1 mg/mi particulate standard phase-in
requirements as long as equivalent PM emission reductions are achieved
by the 2028 model year from passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and
medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model year emission reductions shall
be calculated by multiplying the percent of PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles
meeting the 1 mg/mi particulate standard in a given model year (based on
a manufacturer's projected sales volume of vehicles in each category) by
4 for the 2025 model year, 3 for the 2026 model year, 2 for the 2027
model year, and 1 for the 2028 model year. The yearly results for
PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together to determine a
cumulative total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. The cumulative total must
be equal to or greater than 500 in the 2028 model year to be considered
equivalent. A manufacturer may add vehicles introduced before the 2025
model year (e.g., the percent of vehicles introduced in 2024 would be
multiplied by 4) to the cumulative total.
3. Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the Particulate Standards for
Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. A
manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to comply with the
particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as equivalent PM
emission reductions are achieved by the 2021 model year from medium-
duty vehicles other than medium-duty passenger vehicles
. Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the Particulate Standards for
Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. A
manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to comply with the
particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as equivalent PM
emission reductions are achieved by the 2021 model year from medium-
duty vehicles other than medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model year
emission reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the total percent of
MDVs certified to the 8 mg/mi PM standard or to the 10 mg/mi PM
standard, as applicable, in a given model year (based on a manufacturer's
projected sales volume of vehicles in each category) by 5 for the 2017
model year, 4 for the 2018 model year, 3 for the 2019 model year, 2 for
the 2020 model year, and 1 for the 2021 model year. The yearly results
for MDVs shall be summed together to determine a cumulative total for
MDVs. The cumulative total must be equal to or greater than 490 in the
2021 model year to be considered equivalent. A manufacturer may add
vehicles introduced before the 2017 model year (e.g., the percent of
43
As Amended: March 22, 2012
Date of Hearing: January 26-27, 2012
vehicles introduced in 2016 would be multiplied by 5) to the cumulative
total.
(3)
NMOG+NOx Standards for Bi-Fuel, Fuel-Flexible, and Dual-Fuel
Vehicles. For fuel-flexible, bi-fuel, and dual-fuel PCs, LDTs and MDVs,
compliance with the NMOG+NOx exhaust mass emission standards must be
based on exhaust emission tests both when the vehicle is operated on the
gaseous or alcohol fuel it is designed to use, and when the vehicle is operated on
gasoline. A manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with the applicable
exhaust mass emission standards for NMOG+NOx, CO, and formaldehyde set
forth in the table in subsection (a)(1) when certifying the vehicle for operation on
the gaseous or alcohol fuel, as applicable, and on gasoline or diesel, as
applicable
e
gaseous or alcohol fuel it is designed to use, and when the vehicle is operated on
gasoline. A manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with the applicable
exhaust mass emission standards for NMOG+NOx, CO, and formaldehyde set
forth in the table in subsection (a)(1) when certifying the vehicle for operation on
the gaseous or alcohol fuel, as applicable, and on gasoline or diesel, as
applicable.
A manufacturer may measure NMHC in lieu of NMOG when fuel-flexible, bi-fuel
and dual-fuel vehicles are operated on gasoline, in accordance with the
“California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission
Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse
Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars,
Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” Testing at 50oF is not required
for fuel-flexible, bi-fuel, and dual-fuel vehicles when operating on gasoline.
(4)
50°F Exhaust Emission Standards. All passenger cars, light-duty
trucks, and medium-duty vehicles, other than natural gas and diesel-fueled
vehicles, must demonstrate compliance with the following exhaust emission
standards for NMOG+NOx and formaldehyde (HCHO) measured on the FTP (40
CFR, Part 86, Subpart B) conducted at a nominal test temperature of 50°F, as
modified by Part II, Section C of the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model
Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2017
and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.”
A manufacturer may demonstrate compliance with the NMOG+NOx and HCHO
certification standards contained in this subparagraph by measuring NMHC
exhaust emissions or issuing a statement of compliance for HCHO in accordance
with Section D.1, subparagraph (p) and Section G.3.1.2, respectively, of the
“California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission
Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse
Gas Exhaust Emi
Ox and HCHO
certification standards contained in this subparagraph by measuring NMHC
exhaust emissions or issuing a statement of compliance for HCHO in accordance
with Section D.1, subparagraph (p) and Section G.3.1.2, respectively, of the
“California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission
Standards and Te

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/statutes/STATE_ME_CMR_06_096_127. Check the current official text before relying on it. Not legal advice.